内蒙古核桃坝地区铅锌与铀矿的期次关系探讨

正核桃坝地区位于华北板块北缘多金属成矿带和沽源—红山子铀成矿带的交汇部位,具有优越的铀多金属成矿地质条件。近年来,核工业二〇八大队在核桃坝地区取得铀矿勘查突破,落实了铀矿产地。铀矿勘查中不仅发现了多个具有工业价值的铀矿体,还发现了许多较好的铅、锌、钼、铜、     

云南保山核桃坪铅-锌矿床地质特征

保山核桃坪铅-锌矿为一中型铅-锌矿床。矿体赋存于上寒武统核桃坪组,主要受近SN向的层间断裂(F1)及次级断裂构造控制,岩石(性)控矿也十分明显,成矿作用与矽卡岩化密切相关。通过对该矿床地质特征的系统分析以及对矿床围岩蚀变、控矿因素的深入研究,认为该矿床主要矿化作用是深部高温成矿流体贯入并与围岩发生矽卡岩化蚀变,随后发生矿化作用。矿床应属矽卡岩型铅-锌矿床。     

基于Vulcan软件的山东莱州留村金矿区三维建模及资源量估值北大核心CSCD

留村金矿位于山东莱州市城区西南12 km的留村断裂带上,是发育于古老变质岩中的小型石英脉型金矿。为深入研究该矿区地层、构造与矿体在地下的延伸分布情况,加快后续数字化矿山建设,山东黄金集团应用Vulcan矿业软件对矿区开展三维地质建模。在收集相关地质实物资料的基础上,通过建立地质数据库、数据转换、地质解译等系列功能操作建立了矿区地表、岩体、构造及矿体模型,并对其进行任意剖割划分,实现了矿区地层岩性、地质构造、矿体的三维可视化,促进了本区矿体赋存规律的研究以及三维空间的成矿预测。同时利用软件强大的数据处理功能对资源量进行估值,本次估值的金资源量为1984.18 kg,与原详查报告中提交的金资源量2009.34 kg误差仅为1.25%。经估值后的每个矿块段都被赋予了精确的资源量数据,为后续矿山采矿设计与排产计划提供了准确的数据支撑,助力实现数字化、智能化矿山建设。     

Evaporites,brines and base metals: Low‐temperature ore emplacement controlled by evaporite diagenesis

Salt beds and salt allochthons are transient features in most sedimentary basins, which through their dissolution can carry, focus and fix base metals. The mineralisation can be subsalt, intrasalt or suprasalt, and the salt body or its breccia can be bedded or halokinetic. In all these evaporite‐associated low‐temperature diagenetic ore deposits there are four common factors that can be used to recognise suitably prepared ground for mineralisation: (i) a dissolving evaporite bed acts either as a supplier of chloride‐rich basinal brines capable of leaching metals, or as a supplier of sulfur and organics that can fix metals; (ii) where the dissolving bed is acting as a supplier of chloride‐rich brines, there is a suitable nearby source of metals that can be leached by these basinal brines (redbeds, thick shales, volcaniclastics, basalts); (iii) there is a stable redox interface where these metalliferous chloride‐rich waters mix with anoxic waters within a pore‐fluid environment that is rich in organics and sulfate/sulfide/H₂S; and (iv) there is a salt‐induced focusing mechanism that allows for a stable, long‐term maintenance of the redox front, e.g. the underbelly of the salt bed or allochthon (subsalt deposits), dissolution or halokinetically maintained fault activity in the overburden (suprasalt deposits), or a stratabound intrabed evaporite dissolution front (intrasalt deposits). The diagenetic evaporite ‐ base‐metal association includes world‐class Cu deposits, such as the Kupferschiefer‐style Lubin deposits of Poland and the large accumulations in the Dzhezkazgan region of Kazakhstan. The Lubin deposits are subsalt and occur where long‐term dissolution of salt, in conjunction with upwelling metalliferous basin brines, created a stable redox front, now indicated by the facies of the Rote Faule. The Dzhezkazgan deposits (as well as smaller scale Lisbon Valley style deposits) are suprasalt halokinetic features and formed where a dissolving halite‐dominated salt dome maintained a structural focus to a regional redox interface. Halokinesis and dissolution of the salt bed also drove the subsalt circulation system whereby metalliferous saline brines convectively leached underlying sediments. In both scenarios, the resulting redox‐precipitated sulfides are zoned and arranged in the order Cu, Pb, Zn as one moves away from the zone of salt‐solution supplied brines. This redox zonation can be used as a regional pointer to both mineralisation and, more academically, to the position of a former salt bed. In the fault‐fed suprasalt accumulations the feeder faults were typically created and maintained by the jiggling of brittle overburden blocks atop a moving and dissolving salt unit. A similar mechanism localises many of the caprock replacement haloes seen in the diapiric provinces of the Gulf of Mexico and Northern Africa. Evaporite‐associated Pb–Zn deposits, like Cu deposits, are focused by brine flows associated with both bedded and halokinetic salt units or their residues. Stratabound deposits, such as Gays River and Cadjebut, have formed immediately adjacent to or within the bedded salt body, with the bedded sulfate acting as a sulfur source. In allochthon/diapir deposits the Pb–Zn mineralisation can occur both within a caprock or adjacent to the salt structure as replacements of peridiapiric organic‐rich pyritic sediments. In the latter case the conditions of bottom anoxia that allowed the preservation of pyrite were created by the presence of brine springs and seeps fed from the dissolution of nearby salt sheets and diapirs. The deposits in the peridiapiric group tend to be widespread, but individual deposits tend to be relatively small and many are subeconomic. However, their occurrence indicates an active metal‐cycling mechanism in the basin. Given the right association of salt allochthon, tectonics, source substrate and brine ponding, the system can form much less common but world‐class deposits where base‐metal sulfides replaced pyritic laminites at burial depths ranging from centimetres to kilometres. This set of diagenetic brine‐focusing mechanisms are active today beneath the floor of the Atlantis II Deep and are thought to have their ancient counterparts in some Proterozoic sedex deposits. The position of the allochthon, its lateral continuity, and the type of sediment it overlies controls the size of the accumulation and whether it is Cu or Pb–Zn dominated.     

U.S. Mussel Watch: 1977–1978 results on trace metals and radionuclides

The results of the U.S. Mussel Watch Monitoring Program for the period 1976–1978 for trace metals and artificial radionuclides in bivalves are presented. The substances analysed included Ag, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, ²³⁸Pu, ^239+240Pu and ²⁴¹Am. The analyses of organic substances will be presented elsewhere. The concentrations of these substances in the bivalves may reflect upwelling processes, anthropogenic inputs or natural levels. Off the California coast, mussels show markedly elevated Pu and Cd concentrations in coastal areas adjacent to the most intensive upwelling zones. Elevated levels of Pb, for example, are found in organisms living adjacent to highly urbanized places. The general patterns of distribution repeat themselves year after year at a given site. Thus, it is concluded that annual monitoring activities may not be necessary and that a frequency of sampling of several or so years may be more appropriate to identify pollution problems. Finally, national or regional baselines for metal concentrations in bivalves from unpolluted waters are proposed. National baselines for Pb in the west coast mussels of 1·0 parts 10^?6 and for Ag in east coast mussels of 0·05 parts 10^?6 are suggested.     

地球化学块体理论在青海沱沱河地区铅锌资源潜力预测中的应用

以地球化学块体理论为基础的方法和技术确定了沱沱河铅锌地球化学块体的下限和含量级次,对沱沱河地区铅锌元素的地球化学块体进行了划分,总结了地球化学块体在空间上的分布规律,通过研究地球化学块体内部结构,追踪大型至特大型矿床可能存在的地点。根据已知地区的矿产探明储量与地球化学块体的关系,计算了该地区成矿率,预测了区内铅锌矿资源潜力,同时指出在块体内还存在巨大的寻找铅锌矿产资源的潜力。     

土壤中铅铜锌镉的吸附特性

以徐州王庄矿（WZK）、奎河（KH）、背景-1（BG-1）和背景-2（BG-2）等4个土壤样品为供试对象，加入不同浓度梯度的铅、铜、锌、镉离子，通过静态实验研究了铅、铜、锌、镉的吸附特性。结果表明，土壤对4个重金属的吸附量与加入到土壤中的重金属离子浓度呈正相关性，它们之间大部分满足线性相关关系。在4个土壤样品中加入铅、铜、锌、镉离子的初始浓度比为10：10：10：1时，平衡浓度为Czn〉Ccu〉CPh〉Ccd，吸附量为Scd〉SPh〉Scu〉Szn，4个土壤样品对铅、铜、锌、镉离子的吸附能力依次为WZK〉KH〉BG-2〉BG-1。在所选实验条件下，土壤对铅、铜、锌、镉的吸附能力受土壤中铅、铜、锌、镉的含量、土壤有机质含量、阳离子交换量、土壤饱和含水量和土壤的pH值影响较大。     

区域化探找矿新案例-甘肃代家庄铅锌矿的发现

代家庄铅锌矿是在甘肃省用地球化学勘查方法发现的第一个大型铅锌矿床。作者回顾了发现该矿床的简史,研究了矿床地质、地球化学特征,探讨矿区进一步找矿的远景,讨论应用地球化学勘查方法寻找铅锌等有色金属矿产的经验和教训。     

华北陆块北缘西段中元古代与裂谷作用有关的铁、稀土、多金属矿床特征及成因

华北陆块北缘西段狼山—白云鄂博裂谷系中元古代形成的大型多金属矿床 ,是我国重要的铁、稀土、铜、铅、锌矿产地。矿床为产于沉积岩中热水沉积型多金属矿床。其形成受地层、构造控制 ,与裂谷作用有着密切的关系。裂谷系内外分支的地质环境及矿床矿种不同 ,导致矿床特征及成因具有一定差异。白云鄂博铁、稀土矿床为钾、钠、磷等含量较高的热水沉积型 ,霍各乞铜、铅、锌多金属矿床为与中基性火山岩有关的过渡热水沉积型 ,东升庙和甲生盘等铅、锌多金属矿床为热水沉积型。文中将对上述矿床分别进行论述。     

Cu–Fe Bearing Zinc Sulfide from Laloki Stratabound Massive Sulfide Deposit, Papua New Guinea: Chemical Characterization

Abstract: A strange, unidentified, Cu-Fe bearing zinc sulfide occurs in the Laloki massive sulfide deposit, Papua New Guinea. The mineral is optically uniform in texture but is chemically variable and zoned even within a single grain. Copper contents vary from 0.1 up to 8.85 wt%. Iron reaches 18.31 wt% at maximum and decreases as Cu increases. It is remarkable, however, that the total Fe+Cu remains essentially unchanged between roughly 18 and 20 wt%. Zn and S are least variable, giving 45.85–47.84 wt% and 33.48–34.58 wt%, respectively. Other trace elements such as Cd and Mn are in general less than 0.2 wt%. It is strongly suggested that the mineral in question constitutes a unique Fe-Cu substitutional solid solution series belonging essentially to the Zn–Fe–Cu–S system.
The ideal chemical formula of the solid solution series can well be presented as Zn₁₀(Fe, Cu)₅S₁₅ or Zn₂(Fe, Cu)S₃, where Fe is always greater than Cu. It is intriguing that chalcopyrite blebs are recognizable restrictively only in nearby portions of the Cu-rich end member with the ideal composition close to Zn₁₀Fe₃Cu₂S_15. It has been confirmed by vacuum-sealed heating experiments that this mineral is decomposed to produce chalcopyrite and Fe-bearing normal sphalerite at temperatures below 200C. This would provide another evidence for the existence of such distinct phase as suggested here.