海藻多糖微量元素配合物的生物活性初步研究

用广东沿海盛产的半叶马尾藻Ｓａｒｇａｓｓｕｍｈｅｍｉｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ为原料提取多糖，与Ｆｅ（３＋），Ｚｎ（２＋）等微量元素进行反应，形成能溶于水的海藻多糖配合物。分别以剂量为３００ｍｇ·ｋｇ（－１）的海藻多糖配合物饲喂ＮＩＨ系小鼠７－１５ｄ。结果发现，该多糖配合物能提高小鼠的血红蛋白和红细胞数量。其中，以Ｆｅ（３＋）海藻多糖配合物效果最显著。观察各种免疫指标，发现海藻多糖和海藻多糖微量元素配合物都能提高小鼠的免疫指标。海藻多糖微量元素配合物的效果比海藻多糖好。结果提示，微量元素参与了机体的免疫活动，并提高了免疫活性。     

沙蜇(Stomopholus meleagris)刺胞毒素对戒断小鼠超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性的作用

通过腹腔注射沙蜇刺胞毒素于吗啡依赖型戒断小鼠,检测小鼠肝脏、肾脏、心脏和脑的SOD、CAT、NOS酶活力和MDA含量的变化情况,并进行统计学分析,研究沙蜇刺胞毒素对纳洛酮催促吗啡依赖小鼠的戒断作用。结果表明,沙蜇刺胞毒素对吗啡依赖小鼠各组织酶活力的恢复有明显的作用。出现戒断症状的小鼠肝脏的SOD和CAT活性比对照组明显降低,注射沙蜇刺胞毒素后两种酶活性逐渐恢复,但还是略低于对照组。相反MDA含量吗啡组最高,沙蜇刺胞毒素Ⅰ次之,沙蜇刺胞毒素Ⅱ最低。通过小鼠戒断前后肝脏、肾脏、心脏、脑等组织中SOD和CAT活性酶的检测结果,证明了沙蜇刺胞毒素可改善小鼠由于吗啡作用而产生的机体的抗性下降、逐渐恢复正常生理功能,能抑制吗啡依赖小鼠戒断反应的发生,对吗啡依赖小鼠的戒断起到积极的治疗作用。     

真鲷仔,稚,幼鱼期消化酶活性的变化

本文研究了真鲷仔，稚，幼鱼不同发育期三种消化酶活性的变化，结果表明，蛋白酶活性两个极低点分别出现在受精后５日龄和２５日龄，２５－４４日龄蛋白酶活性上升明显，之后活性上升稍缓；淀粉酶从受精后到５日龄活性急剧下降，５－４４日龄变化很小，４５日龄后活性略有提高；脂肪酶活性从受精后至５日有所提高，４０日龄活性到最低点，之后上升较快。     

菊黄东方纯胚胎及仔稚幼鱼的发育

本文报道了菊黄东方纯胚胎及仔稚幼鱼发育情况．其结果表明：在水温20～21℃、盐度20～30、pH值8．0～8．3的条件下，受精卵受精后2h为2细胞期、15h为囊胚期、30h为原肠期、55h为胚体期、152h孵出仔鱼；孵出仔鱼在水温19～28℃、盐度20～30、pH8．0～8．3条件下，孵化后5d开口、18d进入稚鱼期、40d进入幼鱼期．此外，对胚胎及仔稚幼鱼各发育阶段进行较详细描述、测量并给出示意图．     

菊黄东方鲀胚胎及仔稚幼鱼的发育

本文报道了菊黄东方鲀胚胎及仔稚幼鱼发育情况.其结果表明:在水温20-21℃、盐度20-30、pH值8.0-8.3的条件下,受精卵受精后2h为2细胞期、15h为囊胚期、30h为原肠期、55h为胚体期、152h孵出仔鱼;孵出仔鱼在水温19-28℃、盐度20-30、pH8.0-8.3条件下,孵化后5d开口、18d进入稚鱼期、40d进入幼鱼期.此外,对胚胎及仔稚幼鱼各发育阶段进行较详细描述、测量并给出示意图.     

Investigating young water fractions in a small Mediterranean mountain catchment: Both precipitation forcing and sampling frequency matter

The proportion of water younger than 2–3 months (young water fraction, F_yw) has become increasingly investigated in catchment hydrology. F_yw is typically estimated by comparing seasonal tracer cycles in precipitation and streamflow, through water sampling. However, some open research questions remain, such as: (i) whether part of the summer precipitation should be discarded because the high evapotranspiration demand, (ii) how well F_yw serves as a metric to compare catchments, and (iii) how sampling frequency affects F_yw estimates. To address these questions, we investigated F_yw in soil-, ground- and stream waters for the small Mediterranean Can Vila catchment. Rainfall was sampled at 5-mm intervals. Mobile soil water and groundwater were sampled fortnightly. Stream water was sampled depending on flow at variable time intervals (30 min to 1 week). Over 58 months, this sampling provided 1,529 δ¹⁸O determinations. Isotopic analyses results led us to include summer precipitation in the input signal. We found the highest F_yw in mobile soil waters (34%), while this was almost zero for groundwater except during wet periods. For stream waters, F_yw depended on the discharge variations, so that the flow-weighted young water fraction () was 22.6%, whereas the time-weighted F_yw was just 6.2%. Both and its discharge sensitivity (S_d) varied when different 12-month sampling periods were investigated. The young water fraction that would be obtained from a virtual thorough sampling () was estimated from the S_d and the observed stream flow. This showed an underestimation of by 25% for the frequent dynamic sampling and 66% for weekly sampling, due to missing high flows. Our results confirm that F_yw and its discharge sensitivity are metrics very sensitive to meteorological forcing during the analysed period. Thus, comparisons between catchments need long-term mean annual values and their variability. Our findings also support the dependence of F_yw estimates on the sampling rate and show the advantages of flow-weighted analysis. Finally, catchment water turnover investigations should be accompanied by the analysis of flow duration curves.     

甘肃河西走廊保护地西瓜育苗的热量指标及其应用

用１９８９、１９９０年田间试验资料，结合当地气候资源和危害——西瓜生产的主要气象灾害霜冻，系统分析了西瓜育苗热量指标，得出保护地西瓜育苗适播期和育苗所需积温、气温指标，提出了相应的农技措施     

人文与经济地理学的传承与创新：青年学者的责任

2018年1月27-28日,人文与经济地理学青年论坛暨第二届中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室青年论坛在北京国家会议中心成功举办。青年论坛以“人文与经济地理学的传承与创新：青年学者的责任与行动”为主题。莅临会场的院士、前辈和主管部门领导纷纷表示鼓励、支持和关怀青年人才的更快更好的成长。在这样的背景下,以这次青年论坛主题为题,在新时代传承和创新人文与经济地理学,青年学者责无旁贷,追寻地理学家的精神,集中探讨青年学者的责任与行动,展示人文与经济地理青年学者的思考和风采。     

双棘黄姑鱼早期发育阶段的摄食习性与生长特性

2002年5~6月,在集美大学水产学院水产试验场,采用生态学方法对人工培育的双棘黄姑鱼(Nibeadiacanthus(Lacpde))仔、稚、幼鱼的摄食习性与生长特性进行分析。结果表明,在人工培育条件下,双刺黄姑鱼仔、稚、幼鱼的摄食率达93.1%,摄食量占体质量的4.09%~21.07%,日摄食量占体质量的23.67%~57.24%;摄食具明显的昼夜节律,黄昏为摄食高峰。摄食量与体质量的关系式为y=0.1267x0.7878,全长与日龄的关系式为L=1.8603e0.0723D,体质量与日龄的回归方程为M=0.0203e0.2484D。全长与体质量的回归方程为M=0.0024L3.4633。     

鲍鱼幼苗培养池附板上的危害性纤毛虫及其优势类群研究

应用纤毛虫的定性和定量方法,研究了人工养殖幼鲍培养池中危害性纤毛虫的种类组成和数量变化过程及优势类群的种群动力学变化。共观察到16目、46属、68种纤毛虫,锐利Shun纤虫Aspidisca lynicaster、钟虫Vorticella sp.和双眉虫Diophrys histrix是优势种。还对幼鲍培养过程中危害性纤毛虫的密度、种类与幼苗附板上藻类密度、鲍苗密度等关系进行了分析。