眼斑拟石首鱼早期幼鱼的饲料试验

本文报道用 1 .92万尾平均体重为 1 .4 2 g 尾的眼斑拟石首鱼 (Sciaenopsocelle tus)早期幼鱼 ,在 5个海上浮式网箱中分两个阶段用粉末型配合饲料与传统的鲜活饲料进行饲养效果对比试验 .试验期间表层海水温度范围 2 2 .9～ 30 .0℃ ,表层海水比重范围 1 .0 1 55～ 1 .0 2 0 1 .试验结果如下 :对照组 (喂鲜活饲料组 )和各试验组 (喂粉末型配合饲料组 )全长和体重、体长和体重、全长和体长关系式的差异都不大 ,对照组和试验组实验鱼的平均肥满度分别为 1 .4 8、1 .51 g cm3.粉末型配合饲料组鱼的平均成活率为 81 .5% ,全长平均增长率为 73.2 % ,体长平均增长率 79.6 % ,平均增重量为 2 7.5g 尾 ,平均增重率为 52 6 .9% ,总投饲量为 336 .2 6kg ,饲料系数的平均值为1 .0 7.鲜活饲料组鱼的平均成活率为 87.2 % ,全长平均增长率为 57.0 % ,体长平均增长率为 6 1 .4 % ,平均增重量为 1 9.0 g 尾 ,平均增重率为 377.6 % ,总投饲量为1 1 54.2 8kg ,平均饲料系数为 5.1 6 .粉末型配合饲料养殖效果的综合生物学评定值为 2 38% ( >1 0 0 % ) ,表明其养殖效果优于鲜活饲料     

Reflections on participatory research

Participatory research approaches are increasingly popular with geographers in developed as well as developing countries, as critical qualitative methodologies which at their best work with participants to effect change. This paper adds to recent debates over the methodologies, practices, philosophical and political issues involved. Drawing on a project on young people, exclusion and crime victimization in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, we discuss the limitations of participatory diagramming and illustrate some of the social and political barriers to meaningful participation in, and action from, this type of research.     

Young Students' Conceptions of the Marine Environment and Their Role in the Development of Aquaria Exhibits

Informal learning settings such as aquaria are well-placed to help young students understand the nature and importance of marine environments. In order to achieve this, it is important to incorporate pedagogical principles into exhibit design. Using a constructivist perspective, this paper explores young students' conceptions of the marine environment. The findings indicate that although students are interested in marine life and are familiar with terms such as currents, tides and waves, their understanding of these concepts is limited and confused. It is suggested that by addressing children's limited conceptions in their exhibits and educational programmes, aquaria can foster an understanding of the environmental processes that support marine life, thus contributing to habitat conservation and species survival. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

九寨沟沟谷成因与演化

本文根据戴维斯流域理论及地史演化特征研究了九寨沟的成因，进而根据水均衡原理及Ｂｕｇｌｉ岩溶理论研究了九寨沟的演化。可以得出结论：九寨沟属流水成因，其演化发展主要受控于长海的断流、水动力条件的变迁及特殊的水化学环境。     

The relationship between sap flow of intercropped young poplar trees (Populus×euramericana cv. N3016) and environmental factors in a semiarid region of northeastern China

Estimating transpiration of the trees in agroforestry system is important in water management of the site. Sap flow of intercropped fast‐growing young poplar trees and microclimate factors in semiarid northeastern China was measured in two growing seasons (2008 and 2009). Sapwood growth and water storage of wood and leaf increment during the growing season were involved in the calculation of sap flow. The results showed that diurnal variation of sap flow followed to that of short wave solar radiation. Sap flows both in 10 min mean and daily gross values mainly depended on solar radiation and vapor pressure deficit, and the relations well fit hyperbolic function. The regression coefficients of monthly window data indicated that the seasonal variation of sap flow capacities decreased gradually from June to September. Moderate soil water stress of upper soil layer (0–50 cm) did not constrain the sap flow because the trees could use the water at deeper soil layer. The daily sap flow per tree ranged 0.8 to 18.1 and 3.7 to 23.8 kg d^?1 tree^?1, with averages of 8.7 and 14.3 kg d^?1 tree^?1 in 2008 and 2009 respectively. An empirical model was established to estimate the sap flow of the poplar trees by solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit, leaf area index and Julian days. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青年地震工作者在2008年汶川8.0级地震后科技支撑工作中的作用——对青年科技人员教育和培训的评估和讨论

2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震发生后,地震科技工作者立即投入到震后应急救援、现场余震监测、灾害评估、地震机理研究、震情趋势判定和现场科学考察中。其中,中国地震局地球物理研究所青年专家在地震精定位、震源机制及数字化地震参数计算、震源破裂过程、地震灾区区划图编制、余震破坏影响范围确定、地震社会学分析与应用等方面发挥了重要作用。截止到2008年12月,研究所40岁以下科技人员在各种科研刊物上发表了SCI、EI文章就有10余篇,参加现场工作人员41人次。青年科技人员能够迅速投入到震后科技支撑工作中,得益于研究所平时对青年科技人员教育和培训工作的重视,本文对此进行了评估和讨论。     

试验水槽中多种人工鱼礁模型组合对紫红笛鲷幼鱼的诱集效果

摸清多种人工鱼礁模型组合对紫红笛鲷幼鱼的诱集效果,可为人工鱼礁礁体组合设计和礁区布局设计等方面提供科学依据.本研究参照深圳杨梅坑人工鱼礁区的实际建礁情况,制作并模拟4组三种模型礁体组合、4组四种模型礁体组合,在方形试验水槽中以鱼类行为学的方法研究了这8组模型礁体组合对紫红笛鲷的诱集效果.4组三礁组合礁体模型试验结果表明,FHJ三礁组合对紫红笛鲷的集鱼效果非常明显,BFH、BCG、CHJ三礁组合对紫红笛鲷的集鱼效果较为明显.其诱集效果排序为:FHJ组合礁(53.84%)>BFH组合礁(44.85%)>BCG组合礁(38.11%)>CHJ组合礁(36.01%).4组四礁组合礁体的试验结果表明,4组四礁组合礁体模型对紫红笛鲷均具有较强的诱集效果,其诱集效果排序为:BGHJ组合礁(52.27%)>CFHJ组合礁(51.26%)>BCGJ组合礁(50.01%)>BCGH组合礁(45.05%).总体上,四礁组合的诱集效果优于三礁组合,人工鱼礁建设的礁群配置以多礁组合为佳.     

Evolutionary studies of the young star clusters: NGC 1960, NGC 2453 and NGC 2384

We report the analysis of the young star clusters NGC 1960, NGC 2453 and NGC 2384 observed in the J (1.12 μm), H (1.65 μm) and K′ (2.2 μm) bands. Estimates of reddening, distance and age as E(B?V)=0.25, d=1380 pc and t=31.6 to 125 Myr for NGC 1960, E(B?V)=0.47, d=3311 pc and t=40 to 200 Myr for NGC 2453 and E(B?V)=0.25, d=3162 pc and t=55 to 125 Myr for NGC 2384 have been obtained. Also, we have extended the color–magnitude diagrams of these clusters to the fainter end and thus extended the luminosity functions to fainter magnitudes. The evolution of the main sequence and luminosity functions of these clusters have been compared with themselves as well as Lyngå 2 and NGC 1582.     

冀北大滩盆地粗面岩的年代学、地球化学特征及成因研究

丰宁大滩盆地位于西拉木伦河断裂带以南的华北古板块北缘,燕辽Mo-U-Ag-Pb-Zn多金属成矿带西段和沽源-红山 子铀成矿带西南段,空间上与赋存张麻井大型铀钼矿床的沽源盆地毗邻。大滩盆地张家口组粗面岩-流纹岩组合构成盆地 的主体,是热液型铀矿的主要围岩。粗面岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为140.3 ± 1.4 Ma（2σ, MSWD=1.09）,地质时代属于早 白垩世早期。具有较高的SiO2、K2O+Na2O含量,SiO2=61.6%~63.1%,K2O+ Na2O=9.28%~10.2%,在K2O-SiO2图解中投影点落在橄榄玄粗岩系列范围,TAS图解上都落在碱性系列粗面岩或粗面英安岩范围,结合标准矿物Q含量为12.9%~18.4% （小于20%）,属典型的粗面岩。稀土元素含量高,富集轻稀土,铕负异常不明显,ΣREE=（279~318） ×10-6,δEu=0.77~ 0.88,稀土配分曲线图表现为右倾的轻稀土富集型,具高压型粗面岩的稀土元素特征;富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、 Pb和高场强元素Zr、Y,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti元素。较低的Ti/Zr（8.40~14.72）、Nb/Ta（14.07~15.26） 比值,较高的Rb/Sr （0.95~1.60）,具有高Sr-Ba 英安岩-流纹岩的微量元素的特征;具有较高的（87Sr/86Sr）i （0.7077~0.7096）、较低的εNd(t)（-12.09~ -10.67）,较大的TDM2 （1911~1796 Ma）,较低的（206Pb/204Pb）t （16.92~17.04）、（207Pb/204Pb）t （15.39~15.42） 和（208Pb/204Pb）t （37.58~37.67）,在（87Sr/86Sr）i -t/Ga和（208Pb/204Pb） t-（206Pb/204Pb）t 图解上投影点位于下地壳和地幔之间,并靠近EMⅠ富集地幔,在εNd(t)-（87Sr/86Sr）i 图解上投影点位于EMⅠ富集地幔演化线上,与汉诺坝二辉麻粒岩包体的区域一致。可见,大滩盆地粗面岩的成因可用两阶段模式进行解释：古元古代源于EMⅠ富集地幔的岩浆与少量古老下地壳物质部分熔融产物混合形成年轻下地壳,早白垩世早期在加厚地壳背景下年轻下地壳部分熔融形成的岩浆喷出地表形成粗面岩。