Gemini observations of disks and jets in young stellar objects and in active galaxies

We present first results from the Near-infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) located at Gemini North. For the active galaxies Cygnus A and Perseus A we observe rotationally-supported accretion disks and adduce the existence of massive central black holes and estimate their masses. In Cygnus A we also see remarkable high-excitation ionization cones dominated by photoionization from the central engine. In the T-Tauri stars HV Tau C and DG Tau we see highly-collimated bipolar outflows in the [Fe II] λ 1.644 micron line, surrounded by a slower molecular bipolar outflow seen in the H₂ lines, in accordance with the model advocated by Pyo, T.-S., et al., Astrophys. J. 570, 724 (2002).     

钒氧多糖的制备及其对小鼠的降血糖作用

采用红外光谱法对海藻多糖作为糖基配体与VO2+络合后形成的钒氧多糖络合物的结构进行了鉴定,并利用原子发射光谱测定了钒在络合物中的质量分数(0.11%),同时分析了钒氧多糖络合物对四氧嘧啶诱导的高血糖糖尿病小鼠的体质量、血糖水平以及糖耐量的影响。结果表明,钒氧多糖络合物对小鼠无急性毒性,小鼠对钒氧多糖的最大耐受量为2.4 g/kg,在糖尿病小鼠降血糖实验中高剂量组(0.5 g/kg)对空腹血糖和糖尿病小鼠糖耐受量有显著降糖作用。     

Pitfalls in the AMS radiocarbon-dating of terrestrial macrofossils

The AMS ¹⁴C technique has the advantage that small samples of Late Quaternary age can be dated with high accuracy, and that errors due to reservoir effects can be avoided if specifically determined terrestrial micro- and macrofossils are measured. However, to obtain such high-accuracy measurements, it is important how small samples are handled prior to treatment in the radiocarbon laboratories. Here we present a set of 51 AMS ¹⁴C measurements, of which 31 dates gave expected ages and 20 dates resulted in anomalously young ages, despite the fact that all samples consisted of clearly identified Late Weichselian terrestrial plant macrofossils. To evaluate possible sources of error, we compared these samples in respect to preparation methods, sample storage and sample weight. Our results show that the long-term storage of wet macrofossil samples appears to have a significant effect on the radiocarbon age obtained, even when the samples are kept cool. Fungi or micro-organisms may easily be incorporated into a sample during preparation and identification, and can easily contribute to the contamination of a sample, if stored cool and wet for several months. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

线纹尖塘鳢仔幼鱼的生长发育与池塘育苗研究

线纹尖塘鳢的胚后发育大致分为仔鱼、稚鱼、幼鱼和成鱼期。初孵仔鱼仅2.875mm。前期仔鱼混合营养期短,仅2～3d。后期仔鱼为器官发育、奇鳍条基本形成期,历时10d,平均全长从4.31mm增至8.97mm。稚鱼为器官分化完毕,奇偶鳍条分节、鳞被形成期,历时27～29d,长至平均全长27.79mm。早期幼鱼鳞被等发育完善,进入生长时期。仔鱼开口饵料为150～200μm轮虫,其摄饵大小与口宽呈正相关。15mm后稚鱼可驯饵摄食人工混合料。对仔、稚、幼鱼的生长测定结果显示,全长与日龄呈线性关系L=0.5289t-0.7354(r2=0.9720),体重与日龄呈指数函数关系,W=0.8236e0.1267t(r2=0.9611),全长与体重呈幂函数关系,曲线回归方程W=0.0045L3.2527,b=3.2527,属匀速生长型。采用池塘培水,添加外源饵料生物系列,稚鱼全长15mm时开始驯饵。2002-2005年共培育全长2.2～3.4cm早期幼鱼523.7万尾,仔鱼培育成15mm稚鱼的成活率为26.8%,培育成早期幼鱼的成活率为75.7%。     

Angular velocity during the cycle deduced using the sunspot group age selection methodology

We have used the “age selection methodology” (ASM) (Zappalá and Zuccarello 1991) to study the variability of the sunspot groups angular velocity during the activity cycle. The ASM allows us to separate the contribution of Young Sunspot Groups (YSG) from that of Recurrent ones (RSG) in the Ω(θ) determination and therefore to evaluate whether the increase in angular velocity during minima (reported in literature using all sunspot groups as tracers), is due to a greater statistical weight of YSG on RSG or whether it reflects a global characteristic of the Sun. The results obtained from the analysis of sunspot groups data collected during the period 1874‐1981 (Greenwich Photoheliographic Results) indicate that during minima, besides the fact that the percentage of RSG drops to ≤ 5%, both YSG and RSG show the same increase in angular velocity, i.e. 0.16 degrees/day. Comparing our results with those reported in literature and taking into account the internal angular velocity as deduced by p‐mode oscillations, it is possible to conclude that the observed higher angular velocity of the Sun during minima concerns several layers of the Sun.     

光照对真鲷仔、稚、幼鱼摄食的影响

光照对真鲷（Pagrosomusmojor）仔、稚、幼鱼的摄食有重要影响。摄食的适宜光照度范围为100～102lx，最适光照度范围为101～102lx。103lx强光对仔鱼摄食的影响大于稚、幼鱼；100lx弱光对9d以前的仔鱼和稚、幼鱼的摄食影响较小，对9d以后的仔鱼影响较大。此结果和鱼的感觉器官发育及鱼所摄食的饵料种类有关。     

鮸状黄姑鱼早期发育阶段的摄食与生长特性

1997年4－5月,在集美大学水产学院海水育苗试验场,采用生态学方法对人工培育的状黄姑鱼仔、稚、幼鱼的援食和生长特性进行分析。结果表明,在人工培育条件下,仔、稚、幼鱼的摄食率达97.9％,摄食量占体重的1．4％－23．4％,日摄食量占体重的36．47％－6519％;摄食具明显的昼夜节律,黄昏和早晨为摄食高峰;对较大个体的饵料生物有明显的选择性;饵料密度对摄食量有一定影响。摄食量与体重的关系式为y=0.1327x＋0．5613,全长与日龄的关系式为LT=2.5799eg.g516D,体重与日龄的回归方程为W=0．0537e‘.1786D,全长与体重的回归方程为W＝0．0042L。     

极大螺旋藻胞内多糖IPSⅡA逆转化疗模型小鼠免疫功能的研究

研究了极大螺旋藻（Spirulina maxima）胞内多糖IPSⅡA对化疗模型小鼠免疫功能的影响。通过注射环磷酰胺构建化疗小鼠模型，再分别注射不同剂量（0．5、1、2μg/g）的IPSⅡA，14d后进行外周血白细胞计数、免疫器官称质量并且应用炭粒廓清法和溶血素测定法测定单核细胞吞噬功能和B淋巴细胞的体液免疫功能。结果发现IPSⅡA能显著改善环磷酰胺所致白细胞减少、胸脾指数降低，还能使单核细胞吞噬功能、B淋巴细胞的体液免疫功能得以恢复和提高，并且存在剂量累积效应。可见IPSⅡA能显著逆转化疗模型小鼠的免疫功能，具有成为癌症化疗辅助药物的潜能。     

海水比重对海带幼苗生长发育的影响

本文提出不同比重海水对海带游孢子的放散、附着,胚孢子的萌发,配子体的生长发育和幼孢子体生长的影响 实验结果表明:(1)海带配子体的生长发育对比重的适应能力较强,在高比重和低比重的海水中虽然死亡率很高、生长发育缓慢,但总有一部分个体能生活下来。配子体对比重的适应范围是1.01010-1.03510;(2)海带的幼孢子体对比重的适应能力较小。其适应范围是1.02000-1.03510.尤其是低比重海水能引起泡烂。本实验结果对指导海带苗种生产有一定意义。     

眼斑拟石首鱼早期幼鱼的饲料试验

本文报道用 1 .92万尾平均体重为 1 .4 2 g 尾的眼斑拟石首鱼 (Sciaenopsocelle tus)早期幼鱼 ,在 5个海上浮式网箱中分两个阶段用粉末型配合饲料与传统的鲜活饲料进行饲养效果对比试验 .试验期间表层海水温度范围 2 2 .9～ 30 .0℃ ,表层海水比重范围 1 .0 1 55～ 1 .0 2 0 1 .试验结果如下 :对照组 (喂鲜活饲料组 )和各试验组 (喂粉末型配合饲料组 )全长和体重、体长和体重、全长和体长关系式的差异都不大 ,对照组和试验组实验鱼的平均肥满度分别为 1 .4 8、1 .51 g cm3.粉末型配合饲料组鱼的平均成活率为 81 .5% ,全长平均增长率为 73.2 % ,体长平均增长率 79.6 % ,平均增重量为 2 7.5g 尾 ,平均增重率为 52 6 .9% ,总投饲量为 336 .2 6kg ,饲料系数的平均值为1 .0 7.鲜活饲料组鱼的平均成活率为 87.2 % ,全长平均增长率为 57.0 % ,体长平均增长率为 6 1 .4 % ,平均增重量为 1 9.0 g 尾 ,平均增重率为 377.6 % ,总投饲量为1 1 54.2 8kg ,平均饲料系数为 5.1 6 .粉末型配合饲料养殖效果的综合生物学评定值为 2 38% ( >1 0 0 % ) ,表明其养殖效果优于鲜活饲料