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721.
ABSTRACT When rainfall does not meet crop water requirements, supplemental irrigation is needed to maintain productivity. On-farm ponds can prevent excessive groundwater exploitation – to the benefit of the whole community – but they reduce the cultivated area and require investments by each farmer. Thus, choosing the source of water for irrigation (groundwater vs on-farm pond) is a problem of collective action. An agent-based model is developed to simulate a smallholder farming system; the farmers’ long-/short-view orientation determines the choice of the water source. We identify the most beneficial water source for economic gain and its stability, and how it can change across communities and under future climate scenarios. By using on-farm ponds, long-view-oriented farmers provide collective advantages but have individual advantages only under extreme climates; a tragedy of the commons is always possible. Changes in farmers’ attitudes (and hence sources of water) based on previous experiences can worsen the economic outcome. 相似文献
722.
吾米提·居马太 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2020,14(1):132-137
利用1978-2014年洪涝、旱灾、风雹灾及低温冷冻四种农业气象灾害受灾面积、同期粮食平均单产及粮食作物单产有关统计数据,采用线性和灰色关联分析方法,对新疆37a的主要农业气象灾害特征及其对主要粮食作物、主要经济作物单产的影响进行分析。新疆农业气象灾害灾情总体呈受灾面积大、成灾率高、波动幅度大的特点。旱灾和雹灾对新疆的粮食生产危害较大,低温冷冻灾害和洪涝灾害其次。从作物种类来看,不同作物与旱灾受灾面积关联度最大,冬小麦、春小麦和玉米与低温冷冻灾害受灾面积的关联度最小,而棉花和甜菜与洪涝灾受灾面积的关联度最小。旱灾和雹灾是影响新疆农业生产的主要气象灾害。 相似文献
723.
Comparison of three remotely sensed drought indices for assessing the impact of drought on winter wheat yield 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jianxi Huang Wen Zhuo Ran Huang Fernando Sedano Wei Su 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(4):504-526
ABSTRACTAgricultural drought threatens food security. Numerous remote-sensing drought indices have been developed, but their different principles, assumptions and physical quantities make it necessary to compare their suitability for drought monitoring over large areas. Here, we analyzed the performance of three typical remote sensing-based drought indices for monitoring agricultural drought in two major agricultural production regions in Shaanxi and Henan provinces, northern China (predominantly rain-fed and irrigated agriculture, respectively): vegetation health index (VHI), temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) and drought severity index (DSI). We compared the agreement between these indices and the standardized precipitation index (SPI), soil moisture, winter wheat yield and National Meteorological Drought Monitoring (NMDM) maps. On average, DSI outperformed the other indices, with stronger correlations with SPI and soil moisture. DSI also corresponded better with soil moisture and NMDM maps. The jointing and grain-filling stages of winter wheat are more sensitive to water stress, indicating that winter wheat required more water during these stages. Moreover, the correlations between the drought indices and SPI, soil moisture, and winter wheat yield were generally stronger in Shaanxi province than in Henan province, suggesting that remote-sensing drought indices provide more accurate predictions of the impacts of drought in predominantly rain-fed agricultural areas. 相似文献
724.
725.
广东冬季寒害对香蕉产量的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
广东丰富的气候资源有利于香蕉生产的发展,但冬季寒害仍可使香蕉生产遭受重大损失,即使冬季最温暖的粤西南亦难幸免。阐述了广东香蕉寒害发生的情况,对几次突出的冬季寒害及其危害进行分析。严重影响广东香蕉主产区的寒害虽然平均约5年左右一遇,但是20世纪90年代寒害出现较频繁,加上反季节种植的春夏蕉由于经济效益较高,种植面积迅速扩大,使得其抽蕾或花芽分化在冬季,造成香蕉遭受寒害的几率增大,对香蕉产量影响很大。为此,广东香蕉生产的发展要重视寒害、风害及市场变化带来的风险,必须因地因时制宜,合理布局,搞好防灾减灾。 相似文献
726.
1 BACKGROUND The Illinois River is the most significant river in the state of Illinois. The river drains nearly half of the state and has a drainage area of 28,906 mi2 (74,867 km2). Except for about a 4,000 mi2 (10,360 km2) area in Indiana and Wisconsin, the watershed is located in Illinois (see Fig. 1). The watershed contains the drainage basins of several of the state's significant rivers such as the Sangamon, LaMoine, Spoon, Mackinaw, Vermilion, Fox, Kankakee, and Des Plaines Ri… 相似文献
727.
Reiner Schwarz 《GeoJournal》2004,59(3):219-225
Ecosystems lacking human induced energy input from outside are in danger to degrade if man requires any sustainable yield.
The risk of failure strongly depends on the amount of exploitation. This is shown by a simple one dimensional analytical feed-back
model. Natural fluctuations determine the degradation probability of productive ecosystems. The stability behaviour of the
latter is demonstrated by an analytical model in the two dimensional phase space. Full quantitative evaluation of the risk
needs simulation experiments. One is carried out in the thorn shrub savannah rangelands at a site in Namibia where a fully
calibrated simulation model shows that the less a sustainable yield is required, the more the breakdown is delayed. In this
case of highly fluctuating rainfall any sustainability sensu strictu does not exist.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
728.
729.
通过对棉花不同密度和打顶时期两项栽培措施的试验研究,得出在温宿县于7月21日左右打顶,以分层分批的打顶方式最能获得高产.在中等肥力条件下,6行30万株/hm2比4行20万株/hm2产量高. 相似文献
730.
河南省夏玉米产量预报方法 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用河南省农业气象产量预报业务系(WAPFOS),分析了夏玉米产量与光照、降水、气温等影响因子的关系,结果表明,旬降水量、旬日照时数和旬平均气温与夏玉米产量关系密切,是直接影响产量的重要因素。在此基础上,建立了预报模型。 相似文献