Fractal Determination of Coastal Types Based on GIS--A Case Study of China

The probability of fractal determination of coastal types based on GIS is preliminarily discussed with China as an example. Finally, some significant conclusions are drawn: (1) The fractal dimension of coastline of the bedrock coast is larger than that of the plain coast on the same scale map; (2) As far as the bedrock coast is concerned, the larger fractal dimension of coastline of the bedrock coast on the same scale map indicates that the bedrock coast is probably not typical; (3) As far as the plain coast is concerned, the smaller fractal dimension of coastline of the plain coast on the same scale map indicates that it is probably the silt plain coast; (4) The different substantial compositions affect the fractal dimensions of coastlines of different coastal types. In general, the coast which lies in the north of the Hangzhou Bay consists of sand mainly, its surface is flat, and it is connected with the coastal plain, its landform is broad shoal, its total change is comparatively homogenous in the tidal dynamic process, and thus, the relatively smaller fractal dimension of coastline results from this. For the bedrock coast, there is more bedrock, the coastline is comparatively smooth and straight, being affected by the faults and ocean dynamic process, which result in the larger fractal dimension.     

Estimated intensity needed for sampling flatfish assemblages in reference areas of tidal mud flats systems may be disproportionately costly and deleterious

Beam trawl surveys were carried out in a tidal stream system of the German Wadden Sea on two to three successive days of comparable weather conditions in three summers. The variability in time and space detected for plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), flounder (Platichthys flesus), dab (Limanda limanda), sole (Solea solea) and lemon sole (Microstomus kitt) was considerable even for species with a very high abundance. Other flatfish species such as turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and brill (Scophthalmus rhombus) occurred only occasionally in the catches. Sampling effort calculated to detect a 50 or 20% difference between the surveys caused by immigration, emigration or mortality appears to be disproportionate. It is argued that such a major sampling effort of reference areas in tidal mud flat systems is likely to influence the results, to harm the environment, and to be very expensive.     

台湾海峡中北部夏季溶解氧饱和度分布与上升流的关系

本文据台湾海峡中北部1983年5月至1984年5月、1987年7,8月和1988年5～7月调查资料,讨论了该海域夏季溶解氧饱和度分布特征及其与上升流的关系,结果表明该海区夏季上升流的中心位置经常出现于海坛岛北侧至湄洲岛一带海域,西南季风是该区上升流产生的主要动力因子,该区上升流平均流速为4.4×10~(-3)cm/s。     

互花米草及其对海岸的防护作用

本文论述了互花米草在滩涂中种植的时间、种植的方法及其生长的适应性。文中着重讨论互花米草在海岸工程中防浪和消浪能力。与工程护岸比较，互花米草护岸是最经济、合理和有效的。通过本文的讨论为今后利用互花米草进行海岸防护提供依据     

Three-dimensional Layer-integrated Modelling of Estuarine Flows with Flooding and Drying

Details are given of the refinement and application of a thee-dimensional (3-D) layer-integrated numerical model of tidal circulation, with the aim of simulating severe tidal conditions for practical engineering applications. The mode splitting strategy has been used in the model. A set of depth-integrated 2-D equations are first solved to give the pressure gradient, and the layer-integrated 3-D equations are then solved to obtain the vertical distributions of the flow velocities. Attention has been given to maintaining consistency of the physical quantities derived from the 2-D and 3-D equations. A TWO=layer mixing length turbulence model for the vertical shear stress distribution has been included in the model. Emphasis has been focused on applying the model to a real estuary, which is geometrically complicated and has large tidal ranges giving rise to extensive flooding and drying. The model has been applied to three examples, including: wind-driven flow in a rectangular lake, tidal circulation in a model rectangular harbour, and tidal circulation in a large estuary. Favourable results have been obtained for both the simple and complex flow beds.     

闽南近海常见鲨鳐类肝油的四种理化常数和角鲨烯含量

本文分析测定了闽南近海常见鲨鳐类肝油的理化常数和角鲨烯含量。尖头斜齿鲨肝油的碘值特别高，说明其中脂肪酸的不饱和程度很高；非皂化物含量很低，约占肝油重的38×10－3（m／m）；角鲨烯含量极微，在肝油中仅占84×10－5（m／m）。闽南近海常见鲨鳐类肝油的角鲨烯含量均很低，变化在（31～116）×10－5（m／m）之间。在相同的气相色谱条件下，小孔沙条鲨和狭纹虎鲨肝油中没有检测到角鲨烯。     

Differential distribution of the two cryptic species, Pomatoschistus microps and P. marmoratus, in the lagoons of southern France, with an emphasis on the genetic organisation of P. microps

The presence and the distribution of two cryptic sedentary gobies, Pomatoschistus microps and Pomatoschistus marmoratus, were investigated in several lagoons stretching along the Golfe du Lion, southern France Mediterranean coast, and Corsica. Pomatoschistus microps is the only sedentary Pomatoschistus species in two shallow lagoons with large variations of salinity and temperature. In contrast, P. marmoratus, another sedentary species, can be found preferentially in a deep salty lagoon with small salinity variations. Both species occur sympatrically in the Rhone Delta and hybridise, producing fertile offspring. Using allozymes, competition, linked to fitness, is invoked to explain the distribution pattern of these sibling species.     

中尺度地形扰动的非线性问题半解析解

将大气和海洋中f-平面上中尺度地形的扰动问题统一起来作为一个地球物理流体力学问题，应用涡度、能量和经圈动量守恒条件，将原来高度非线性方程变成一个二阶椭园型非线性方程，用数值模拟方法分析了大气中的过山运动和海洋中的沿岸上升流，给出了与观测接近的模拟结果以及运动过程对内部物理参数和外界条件的敏感性分析。所提方法可供进一步的动力学分析和数值研究参考。     

人造海洋涌升流和海洋渔场

针对渔业资源日趋减少和鱼产品需求不断增加的矛盾，探讨了建造海底山脉、人工制造海洋涌升流、从而人工制造优良海洋渔场的可行性，分析了我国建造海底山脉的水深、海底和海流条件。介绍了建造海底山脉的建筑方法和国际上建造海底山脉的最新动态。论述了我国在200n mile以内建造海底山脉的有利条件。     

Study on copper complexing ligand concentrations in several China’s coastal waters

Copper complexing ligand concentrations in the Daya Bay, Qingdao coast, Jiaozhou Bay, South China Sea and Huanghe Estuary waters were determined by the anodic stripping voltammetry technique. The distribution regularity and the relationship with other parameters were discussed. The results were as follows: Copper complexing ligand concentrations of the South China Sea were a little higher than those of other sea areas, and they were apparently higher than those of the ocean. Compared with the subsurface layer (SSL) in the sea surface microlayer copper complexing ligand concentrations showed an enrichment phenomenon, of which the mechanism is similar to dissolved organic matter. The metal complexing ligand concentration profiles of the South China Sea showed that the value in the sea surface was the highest, then it decreased with depth accruing, and a higher value appeared at the bottom. Copper complexing ligand concentrations were higher than those of cadmium and lead. Ligands in each sea area exhibited a complicated property. In short, the distribution regularity of copper complexing ligand concentrations in China' s coastal waters was consistent with that of other regions in the world. Meanwhile, the positive relationship between the copper complexing ligand concentrations and biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved organic carbon, and viscosity were found clearly.