风电场设计私有云GIS平台架构研究

云计算是目前信息产业最热门的技术之一,GIS厂商纷纷将GIS软件迁移至云计算环境。与国外云计算部署不同,国内更青睐私有云技术,企业、政府机构纷纷搭建私有云GIS平台。针对风电场设计的特点,本文基于目前云计算应用和研究,构建了私有云GIS平台的体系框架,并对平台所涉及的主要关键技术进行了深入探索,对私有云GIS模式下的资源进行了详细的分类,包括核心服务、服务管理、用户访问接口3个部分。其中,核心服务将硬件基础设施、软件运行环境、应用程序抽象成服务,可满足多样化的风电场设计应用需要。     

Total evaporation estimation for accurate water accounting purposes: an appraisal of various available estimation methods

The estimation of total evaporation is fundamental for water accounting, considering its influence on water availability. Moreover, the current increase in water consumption (e.g. in sub-Saharan Africa and the world over), land cover/use changes, deteriorating water quality and the climate change projections in most regions of the world underscore the need to understand water loss. So far, different approaches have been developed and implemented in estimating the variations of total evaporation, with varying accuracies. The aim of this work was therefore, to provide a review of these different approaches for estimating total evaporation, as well as a detailed discussion of their strengths and weaknesses. Findings from this review have shown that total evaporation estimates derived, using ground-based meteorological and micro-meteorological methods are inadequate for representing its large-scale spatial variations. On the other hand, remote sensing technology, which acquires data at different resolutions (i.e. radiometric, spectral, spatial and temporal), provides timely, up-to-date and relatively accurate spatial estimates of total evaporation over large geographic coverage, for sustainable and effective water accounting, which is key for well-informed and improved management of water resources at both catchment and regional scales. In this regard, more details on the remote sensing-based methods of estimating total evaporation are provided, especially considering the robust technological advancements and its potential in characterizing earth features over time and space. This work has also managed to identify research gaps and challenges in the accurate estimation of total evaporation, using remote sensing, especially with the emergence of more advanced sensors and the characteristics of the landscape.     

基于à trous小波变换的Landsat 7 ETM＋图像融合研究

 以胶州湾及周边海岸带为研究区，采用Landsat 7 ETM+数据，提出一种基于à trous小波变换的全色图像和多光谱图像融合改进算法。对全色图像和多光谱图像进行适当层数的小波分解，多光谱图像的低频部分采用全色图像和其低频分量的比来调制； 最高分解层外的其余分解层采用多光谱图像和全色图像在该层分解系数的加权和，加权系数由局部区域能量比来确定； 最高分解层则采用绝对值最大准则。实验表明，该方法得到的图像可提高空间分辨率，对多光谱图像的光谱信息扭曲也较小，为提高海岸带地物分类和信息提取精度奠定了基础。     

卫星遥感中风场对降雨飘移距离的影响及误差校正

首先利用海表面风速与高度的对数关系、风向与高度的关系,推算出高空的风速、风向及相应风力的大小。在此基础上根据降雨的形成高度,假定在海表面10 m处风速为10 m/s的情况下,得到单位质量为1的雨水在风场影响下的飘移距离在3—100 km之间,可以判定这个偏移距离即为在风场影响下卫星观测降雨的误差。利用上述方法对10组TRMM卫星降雨产品数据进行纠正,将纠正前后的TRMM数据与GPCP数据进行对比。结果显示,经过纠正的TRMM数据与GPCP数据更为一致,整体精度提高了12%左右,验证了方法的正确性。     

城镇地籍数据更新与监理入库子系统设计方案探讨

本文结合作者目前所从事的城镇地籍数据库建设工作的相关经验,论述了城镇地籍数据库建设面临数据不断更新的需求,并基于城镇地籍管理信息系统,提出了一整套具有实际操作意义的城镇地籍数据更新、数据监理、数据入库模块的设计方案。     

基于2.5维面的气象数据可视化技术——以风场数据显示为例

根据2.5维面的设计思想及曲面可视化的方法,结合部分气象数据信息具有相同的经纬度范围和海拔高度的特点,构造了基于温度和可降水量的2.5维面,并重点提出在2.5维面上进行风场流线可视化的方法。实践证明,应用2.5维面分析气象数据在一定程度上平衡了运算量和可视化结果之间的矛盾,对地理环境气象数据的分析和比较有帮助作用。     

改进型数据加窗法的高程粗差剔除研究

利用摆动式单波束探测水下微地形时,因掠射角、底质特性等因素对回波信号的影响,导致数字高程粗差产生。本文根据摆动式单波束的探测原理和工作特点,对多波束测量中的数据加窗法进行改进:将回波能量作为探测点的内在属性参与确定起始加窗点;加窗点采用实测点,并要求起始加窗点尽可能靠近整条测线上实测点的高程均值。由此提高了高程粗差剔除的准确性。在实际应用中,随机微地形的高程粗差被成功剔除。     

On the growth of disturbances to forced and dissipated barotropic flows

Abstract

We consider the growth of disturbances to large-scale zonally-asymmetric steady states in a truncated spectral model for forced and dissipated barotropic flow. A variant of the energy method is developed to optimize the instantaneous disturbance energy growth rate. The method involves solving a matrix eigenvalue problem amenable to standard numerical techniques. Two applications are discussed. (1) The global stability of a family of steady states is assessed in terms of the Ekman damping coefficient r. It is shown that monotonic global stability (i.e., every disturbances energy monotonically decays to zero) prevails when r≥r_c . (2) Initially fastest-growing disturbances are constructed in the r<r_c regime. Particular attention is paid to a subregion of the r<r_c regime where initially-growing disturbances exist despite stability with respect to normal modes. Nonlinear time-dependent simulations are performed in order to appraise the time evolution of various disturbances.     

Progressive Transformation of a Flux Rope to an ICME

The solar wind conditions at one astronomical unit (AU) can be strongly disturbed by interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). A subset, called magnetic clouds (MCs), is formed by twisted flux ropes that transport an important amount of magnetic flux and helicity, which is released in CMEs. At 1 AU from the Sun, the magnetic structure of MCs is generally modeled by neglecting their expansion during the spacecraft crossing. However, in some cases, MCs present a significant expansion. We present here an analysis of the huge and significantly expanding MC observed by the Wind spacecraft during 9 – 10 November 2004. This MC was embedded in an ICME. After determining an approximate orientation for the flux rope using the minimum variance method, we obtain a precise orientation of the cloud axis by relating its front and rear magnetic discontinuities using a direct method. This method takes into account the conservation of the azimuthal magnetic flux between the inbound and outbound branches and is valid for a finite impact parameter (i.e., not necessarily a small distance between the spacecraft trajectory and the cloud axis). The MC is also studied using dynamic models with isotropic expansion. We have found (6.2±1.5)×10²⁰ Mx for the axial flux and (78±18)×10²⁰ Mx for the azimuthal flux. Moreover, using the direct method, we find that the ICME is formed by a flux rope (MC) followed by an extended coherent magnetic region. These observations are interpreted by considering the existence of a previously larger flux rope, which partially reconnected with its environment in the front. We estimate that the reconnection process started close to the Sun. These findings imply that the ejected flux rope is progressively peeled by reconnection and transformed to the observed ICME (with a remnant flux rope in the front part).     

GIS中的应用模型及其管理研究

本文通过对ＧＩＳ模型库系统的研究，讨论了ＧＩＳ应用模型的管理及ＧＩＳ应用模型发展中的若干问题。