Statistical characteristics of chlorophyll-a concentration in Hong Kong′s coastal waters

In this paper seven of the ten Water Control Zones (WCZs) in Hong Kong′s coastal waters with monthly or bi-weekly sampling data of 17 parameters collected at 37 monitoring stations from 1988 to 1999 were selected to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of chlorophyll-a and its influencing factors. Cluster analysis was employed to group the monitoring stations based on the structure of the data set. Multiple step regression was employed to determine the significant influencing factors of chlorophyll-a level. The results suggest that all the monitoring stations could be grouped into two clusters. Cluster I with frequent red tide incidents comprises two WCZs which aresemi-enclosed bays. Cluster II with less red tide occurrence comprises the other five WCZs in an estuarine environment in the west. For both clusters, the organic contents indicator, BOD5, was a common significant influencing factor of the chlorophyll-a level. Nitrogen and light penetration condition related to turbidity, total volatile solids and suspended solids had more influence on the cholophyll-a level in Cluster I than in Cluster II, while phosphorus and oceanographic conditions associated with salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were more important in Cluster II than in Cluster 1. Generally, there was a higher average chlorophyll-a level in winter and autumn in a year.The chlorophyll-a level was much higher in Cluster I than in Cluster II among all seasons. Although the chlorophyll-a concentration had great variations from place to place in Hong Kong′s coastal waters, it seemed to have a common long term fluctuation period of 8-10 years with a high-low-high variation in the period in the whole region, which might be influenced by other factors of global scale.     

The geography of water conflict and cooperation: internal pressures and international manifestations

Studies on transboundary water conflict and cooperation generally consider interstate relations over shared water resources as distinct from intrastate relations. While connections have been made between international water relations and regional relationships in general, it is conceivable that international water conflict and cooperation may also be influenced by domestic water events and vice versa. This paper seeks to investigate the dynamics of water interactions across geographic scale and their relationship to broader international affairs. The research approach involves the creation of an analytical framework for assessing possible linkages between external and internal interactions over freshwater resources. The framework is applied to three case studies – the Middle East, South Asia and Southern Africa – utilizing 'event data'. To validate the findings from the quantitative analyses, the results are compared with conventional qualitative understandings of water and overall relations in the three regions. The comparison demonstrates not only the efficacy of the analytical framework in general, but also highlights, at least in terms of the specific case studies selected, the disparate water dynamics across geographic regions and the importance of considering water events, both national and international, within larger political and historical contexts.     

西方城市空间结构研究的理论进展

文章综述了西方国家城市空间结构研究的理论进展，概括了城市空间结构各时期研究的主要内容和理论观点，展望了城市空间结构未来研究的趋势和方向。工业化以前西方城市空间结构研究主要侧重于城市表面形态的揭示，把城市空间结构同发展过程分离开来论述其特性。工业化以后的城市空间结构研究进展十分迅速，在研究中十分重视引入新思想、新理论、新技术和新方法。在不同时期出现了不同的学术派别，并总结出诸多城市空间结构的理论模型。     

北京西部山地景观生态整治与景观规划--以北京房山区史家营乡的典型研究为例

北京市西部山区是因矿区开发使山地景观生态环境破坏的重点地区,在北京市生态环境整治与建设中具有十分重要的典型意义。不合理的煤炭资源开采导致了矿点密度大,采空塌陷区分布广,水资源急剧减少,水质污染严重,植被大规模遭破坏,水土流失严重,泥石流等灾害加重以及煤尘污染问题突出等一系列环境问题,呈现出山地生态系统遭受严重破坏的景观生态特征。本文以史家营为例,在典型调查的基础上,规划了景观生态环境恢复与重建区、种植养殖和观光生态农业示范区、果粮养殖生态农业区、林草放牧生态畜牧业示范区、生态旅游区的五个景观规划区域,探讨了生态型矿业、中低山特色生态农业和生态旅游发展的产业发展模式,并初步提出了景观生态整治的措施。     

南天山西段古生代火山岩Ar-Ar年龄新资料

根据新近采自中国南天山西段志留-泥盆系乌帕塔尔坎群中的安山岩样品和石炭-二叠纪康克林组上部英安岩角砾样品的全岩Ar-Ar定年测试,乌帕塔尔坎群安山岩的坪年龄为427.70±0.60 Ma,等时年龄为426.96±4.57 Ma; 康克林组上部的英安岩角砾的坪年龄为288.16±0.40 Ma,等时年龄为289.18±2.02 Ma.测试结果为研究中国南天山(西段)古生代造山带的构造体系提供了新的依据.     

兰坪白秧坪铜银多金属矿床成矿物质来源的铅和硫同位素示踪

白秧坪铜银多金属矿床主要产于白垩系下统景星组石英砂岩、粉砂岩中，矿石铅同位素组成特征与景星组砂岩的铅同位素组成比较接近，表明壳源物质参与了成矿作用。作ZartMan图解和△γ—△β图解表明，矿石铅属于壳幔混合来源。矿石铅μ值介于9．43—9．65之间，Th/U比值介于3．72—3．87之间，表明矿石铅为壳幔混合铅。该矿床硫同位素组成表明，硫来源于深部地幔硫遭受地壳硫的混入。该矿床的成矿作用发生于开放体系之中，成矿物质来源为深部幔源物质混合了壳源物质。     

广东东坑金矿控矿条件分析

东坑金矿产于震旦系云开群中亚群，北东向吴川—四会大断裂是区内的重要控矿构造，大田顶弧形构造控制了矿床、矿点的分布，北西向韧性剪切带使金矿脉群定位；岩浆岩为成矿提供硫源外，还提供了热源和部分金质；金矿赋存于近接触带的绿片岩中，接触带为矿脉群的聚集、充填提供了空间。     

浙西石煤产区放射性污染及防治对策

浙江西部山区石煤资源丰富，广泛地被应用于石煤制品的生产和用做部分电厂、山区农村的燃料。石煤中U、Th等放射性核素含量高，致使部分石煤及其制品中U、Th等放射性核素含量偏高。U、Th是Rn的母体元素，衰变后不断释放出氡气，导致石煤产区居室内氡浓度和居民年辐射剂量当量严重超标，危害人体健康。本文在分析该区部分石煤产区、石煤制品、石煤电厂以及居室中的放射性元素污染的基础上，提出了相应的防治措施。     

西秦岭温泉花岗岩体的新认识

温泉花岗岩体是西秦岭地区一个极具典型研究意义的复杂成因岩体和具有潜力的成矿(钼矿床)岩体。通过1：25万天水市幅区城地质调查，初步获得一些新认识：在岩体北部古坡乡-铁炉坡乡-带新发现一套蛇绿岩组合；岩体的岩石类型复杂，为一多期次侵入的复式岩体；岩体中发育大量包体，显示了岩浆混合作用的存在；另外，岩体中还发现较大体积的古老片麻岩包体和工业钼矿床。岩体主体获得259Ma的锆石U—Pb年龄。     

南海西部围区中特提斯东延通道问题

通过对南海西部围区中生代岩相古地理资料的收集整理和分析,编制了该区T_2,T_3~1,T_3~2,T_3~3,J_1-J_2,J_3-K_1共6个时段的岩相古地理简图,根据其中生代海相地层的时空分布和岩相特征,讨论了尚存争议的中特提斯进入南海的通道问题。实际资料表明,黑水河盆地在三叠纪受印支运动影响完成了从海到陆的过程,之后不再出现海相沉积,中特提斯不可能从红河裂谷带进入南海。在新加坡所见的晚三叠世至早侏罗世浅海至陆相沉积代表古特提斯的残余海,到中侏罗世完全消失。早侏罗世时期在印支半岛南部出现的近南北走向的海湾可能经过泰国湾与当时的滇缅海相通;但是这个海湾浅而短暂,滇缅海能否从这里进入南海值得怀疑,更不可能是中特提斯的通道。在南海西部围区,迄今已证实的中生代洋壳碎片(蛇绿岩套)和深海沉积仅见于南部Woyla—Maratus—Lupar一线及其附近。这套延伸2000余km,从洋壳、深海到浅海岩相齐全的岩石所代表的晚侏罗世至早白垩纪世大洋应是中特提斯洋的一部分。中特提斯东延而最可能是走南路,即从班公一怒江带南下之后,经Woyla线穿过苏门答腊岛,绕加里曼丹岛南缘到Maratus线,向北再经沙巴到Lupar线,在沙捞越北部或纳土纳岛附近进入南海。