最近1 000 ka来东亚冬季风变化的多时间尺度分析

以洛川黄土剖面中〉３０ｕｍ的粗颗粒含量作为东亚冬季风强度代用指标,根据模式并结合绝对年代控制点建立了较精确的独立的时间标尽。对该时间序列进行了小小变换分析和频谱分析。结果表明,这１０２４ｋａ以来东亚冬季风变化在１２８ｋｇ和６４ｋａ时间尺度上最大,更短或更长的时间尺度冬季风变化幅度减小。东亚冬季风变化的１００ｋｇ和２１ｋｇ等周期可能受地球轨道运动驱动的太阳辐射量变化控制,而５７ｋａ和３３ｋａ等周期的     

利用小波变换方法分析形变观测资料的正常背景变化特征

为定量刻画数字化形变观测资料中背景信息和噪声的时 频分布特征, 本文应用二进小波变换方法, 通过对小波分解的主模特征和随机白噪声识别因子变化特征分析, 剖析了山东数字化形变观测资料的正常动态背景和噪声变化规律. 结果表明, 当尺度取2, 3和4时, 分解后的细节部分存在着1/4日波、 半日波、 日波和半月波等准循环周期信号, 其中尤以尺度为3时的信号波幅最大; 尺度取1和5时的细节部分主要包含着噪声; 通过分析和追踪指定尺度的数字化形变观测资料小波变换的非震异常特征变化, 可望捕捉到与强地震孕育过程有关的前兆异常信息.      

等应力比平面应变试验中主应力转换的研究

土的平面应变是岩土工程中常见的状态,其中零应变方向的主应力是十分复杂的。承德中密砂等应力比平面应变试验结果表明,平面应变状态下零应变方向的主应力在不同条件下可能是大主应力、中主应力或者小主应力。利用由等应力比三轴压缩试验确定的切线泊松比,可以合理地预测等应力比平面应变试验中零应变方向主应力的转换过程,这一认识对于一些实际工程问题的分析具有一定的意义。     

磁异常小波多尺度分解及危机矿山的深部找矿:以大冶铁矿为例

大冶铁矿是多年开采老矿山, 浅部的铁矿已开采殆尽, 为了进一步挖潜, 利用小波多尺度分析方法, 将磁异常分解到不同尺度空间, 结合谱分析方法解释深部盲矿体.理论模型和19-1勘探线的实际资料的小波分解结果表明, 该方法比常规的空间延拓、高次导数、匹配滤波等方法要好.通过处理与解释指出了西段(尖林山、龙洞、铁门坎) 五阶小波细节已无剩余异常存在, 推测在1000m以下已没有大型的铁矿体存在.但在东段(尖山、犁头山) 五阶小波细节还有剩余异常, 推测1000m深部可能还有铁矿体.根据小波多尺度分析方法结合人机交互反演推断15~12线有铁矿体, 2005年9月布钻验证, 在15~1线打到30多米厚磁铁矿体.      

我国南海海面高异常时间序列分析

利用小波多分辨分析方法对1992年10月至2002年8月南海区域海面高异常时间序列进行了分析处理,提取了该区域海面高线性升高信息。结果表明,南海区域在9.86 a的时间里海面高平均升高了94.1mm;并获取了从2 a至45 d的5种波动传播的振幅和相位,分析了波动传播的概貌。     

Wavelet combined innovative trend analysis for precipitation data in the Euphrates-Tigris basin,Turkey

ABSTRACT

In this study, annual and seasonal precipitation trend analysis was performed in the Euphrates-Tigris basin, Turkey, using innovative trend analysis (ITA) and discrete wavelet transformation. In this context, it was seen that there is a downward trend in winter, spring and annual precipitation, whereas precipitation has an increasing tendency in summer and autumn seasons, in the greater part of the basin. When annual and seasonal data were decomposed into wavelet components, the most significant trends were observed for high-periodic wavelet components, such as D3 (8-year), D4 (16-year) and D5 (32-year), where these components represent the periods of the precipitation data. Then, the relationship between North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and trend in precipitation was investigated. In this regard, it was found that there could be a significant relationship between the NAO and precipitation trends of the Euphrates-Tigris basin, especially in winter, based on the wavelet ITA.     

用小波法研究台湾省两次7.6级大震前后仑坪台的地磁变化

用小波法分析了台湾省两次Ms 7．6大震(1986年花莲大震和1999年集集大震)前后仑坪台的地磁变化。从小波分析得出的“日变幅差”变化看,两次大地震前一个月内都有异常变化,花莲地震前出现负异常,集集地震前出现正异常。     

Hydrological variability of major French rivers over recent decades,assessed from gauging station and GRACE observations

Abstract

This study was carried out in the framework of the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) programme of the French National Centre of Space Studies (CNES). Based on discharge measurements and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) determination of total water storage (TWS), we have investigated the hydrological variability of the main French drainage basins (Seine, Loire, Garonne and Rhône) using a wavelet approach (continuous wavelet analyses and wavelet coherence analyses). The results of this analysis have shown a coherence ranging between 82% and 90% for TWS and discharge, thus demonstrating the potential use of TWS for characterization of the hydrological variability of French rivers. Strong coherence between the four basin discharges (between 73% and 92%) and between their associated TWS data (from 82% to 98%) suggested a common external influence on hydrological variability. To determine this influence, we investigated the relationship between hydrological variability and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), considered as an index of prevailing climate in Europe. Basin discharges show strong coherence with NAO, ranging between 64% and 72% over the period 1959–2010. The coherence between NAO and TWS was 62% to 67% for 2003–2009. This is similar to the coherence between NAO and basin discharges detected for the same period. According to these results, strong influence of the NAO was clearly observed on the TWS and discharges of the major French river basins.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz     

小波分析在大气边界层结构研究中的应用实例

将小波分析的方法应用于大气边界层风、温场结构的研究,表明了这种方法应用于大气边界层研究的优越性。小波分析方法与谱分析方法,多尺度分析方法可以互补。当研究不同尺度湍流的串级过程和突变气象场的位置时,小波方法更为优越。