西藏聂荣微陆块早侏罗世中期花岗岩及其包体的岩浆混合成因:锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Hf同位素证据

西藏早侏罗世聂荣岩体中偏基性包体与酸性寄主岩的岩浆源区性质和岩石成因以及相互关系尚未得到很好约束,直接限制了对聂荣微陆块在早侏罗世特提斯构造岩浆演化中的作用的认识。为探讨这一问题,本文对采自聂荣地区的一对花岗岩及其闪长岩包体样品进行了锆石U-Pb定年和原位Hf同位素分析。寄主花岗岩的结晶年龄为185.1±1.5Ma,闪长岩包体的结晶年龄为183.6±1.1Ma,指示酸性岩浆和基性岩浆同时侵位。寄主花岗岩的锆石ε_Hf(t)值介于-17.8~-0.9,其Hf同位素地壳模式年龄变化于1.3~2.4Ga,闪长岩包体的锆石ε_Hf(t)值和Hf同位素地壳模式年龄值分别分布于-11.9~-2.9和1.4~2.0Ga,均表现出很大的变化范围。同时于~185Ma结晶的两种岩浆锆石Hf同位素的不均一性和继承锆石的出现,指示了聂荣微陆块早侏罗世中期发生了古老基底深熔或重熔的熔体和富集岩石圈地幔来源的岩浆间的混合,之后再与围岩混染的岩浆作用过程。     

东昆仑喀雅克登塔格杂岩体的SHRIMP年龄及其地质意义

喀雅克登塔格杂岩体位于东昆仑祁漫塔格山东南部,由辉长岩、闪长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩等岩石类型组成,具有典型的岩浆混合特征.通过对杂岩体中辉长岩和二长花岗岩的锆石进行SHRIMP测年,分别获得403.3±7.2 Ma和394±13 Ma两个极为接近的岩浆锆石年龄以及1 116 Ma的继承锆石年龄.锆石形态学特征显示辉长岩和二长花岗岩中锆石的大致结晶温度分别为850～900℃和600～850℃,提供了杂岩体形成的深度信息.测年结果为研究东昆仑造山带的演化历史提供了重要的年代学资料.     

白音查干凹陷达尔其油田原油地球化学与物性特征

达尔其油田原油的粘度差异很大，稀油、普通稠油和特稠油均有分布。大部分稠油和特稠油正构烷烃分布完整，末见生物降解等次生变化的迹象，具有原生稠油的特征。通过对几个代表性原油和烃源岩的族组成、饱和烃GC和GC／MS分析可知，Da201和Dal402类型成熟稀油来源于埋藏较深、热演化程度较高的下白垩统腾格尔组和阿尔善组烃源岩，而Dal201类型末熟、特稠油则来源于埋藏浅、热演化程度低的下白垩统都红木组一段烃源岩。由油样Da201和Dal201混合(质量比68．7：31．3)而成的油样Da2 12，其族组成、饱和烃色谱和甾、萜烷分布特征与Dal401类原油接近。详细对比二者之间的差异，结果表明Dal401类原油比混合油Da2 12含有更多的成熟稀油．稀油比例大于68.7％。Dal401油层油砂样连续抽提实验结果表明，早期注入该油层的原油为Da201和Dal402类成熟稀油。晚期注入的原油为Dal201类末熟特稠油，这进一步证实了Dal401类油为混源油。     

深层搅拌桩周围土体劈裂的研究与分析

现场测试结果表明：深层搅拌桩施工可以在周围土体中产生很高的超静孔隙水压力,其量值可能超过土体的静水劈裂压力。搅拌桩施工时和周围土体的相互作用可以用受剪的孔穴扩张过程来模拟。针对搅拌桩施工引起的周围土体的劈裂现象,提出了一种基于拉伸破坏原理的劈裂分析方法。分析结果表明：搅拌叶片的旋转对桩周围土体的劈裂起着很重要的作用。通过室内模型桩打设试验可以观测到搅拌桩周围土体的劈裂现象。分析现场搅拌桩施工时桩周土体中的孔隙水压力测试结果,表明现场施工可以引起劈裂。劈裂裂缝对于搅拌桩的性状有如下两方面的正面作用：其一,水泥浆体可以流入劈裂裂缝;其二,超静孔隙水压可以通过劈裂裂缝快速消散。这两者的作用加快了受扰动的周围土体的强度恢复。     

山区卵砾石河道水流阻力计算

卵砾石河道广泛存在于山区河流中，在卵砾石河床近底层的水流流速低于上方流速，速度剖面出现拐点，类似于自由剪切流动，传统的指数型和对数型水流阻力公式计算误差偏大。将自由剪切流理论类比到山区卵砾石河道，并考虑山区河流特殊流态、流场和剪切力的影响，引入雷诺数（Re）、弗劳德数（Fr）和摩阻流速利用水槽数据进一步修正了该类水流阻力公式。筛选位于意大利南部的亚平宁山脉140条山区河流野外数据对新公式进行验证，并检验对比了已发表的多个山区河流阻力公式。结果表明：修正后的水流阻力公式Nash-Sutcliffe效率指数最接近1、均方根误差最小、相对误差最小。自由剪切流动的类比是从湍流结构角度推导河道水流阻力，能更好地阐释特殊水流结构，进而提高计算精度。     

准噶尔北缘中泥盆统北塔山组富辉橄玄岩的岩石成因及其对晚古生代洋脊俯冲的启示

准噶尔北缘中泥盆统北塔山组富辉橄玄岩是一种富含单斜辉石斑晶的岛弧玄武岩,被认为是洋脊俯冲作用的产物,但具体成因机制并不清楚。本文对老山口地区富辉橄玄岩进行了岩石地球化学研究,同时系统测定了其单斜辉石斑晶的成分及其环带变化规律。结果表明,富辉橄玄岩的相容元素和不相容元素的变化规律具有岩浆混合作用的特征,而透辉石斑晶的反环带则将岩浆混合作用限定于高Mg~#熔浆的上涌过程。富辉橄玄岩极高的相容元素含量将上涌的高Mg~#熔浆限定为苦橄质熔浆,而富辉橄玄岩中顽透辉石是被苦橄质熔体携带而来的斑晶物质。主导老山口富辉橄玄岩形成的岩浆过程是苦橄质熔浆的连续补给过程,而苦橄质熔浆被认为是板片窗处软流圈高程度部分熔融的产物。老山口富辉橄玄岩形成的岩浆过程与洋脊俯冲的板片窗模型吻合,因此老山口富辉橄玄岩可能是洋脊俯冲的产物。     

川东北下三叠统飞仙关组白云岩的地球化学特征

四川盆地川东北部下三叠统飞仙关组是我国重要的天然气储集层,白云石化的鲕粒滩为主要的油气储集层,鲕粒滩主要发育在川东北碳酸盐台地的边缘,台地内主要为泥晶碳酸盐岩夹蒸发岩。鲕粒滩在不同程度上发生白云石化并形成鲕粒白云岩,一些研究者把它们看成近地表混合水白云岩,但飞仙关组鲕粒白云岩的微量元素铁和锰、白云石的阴极发光、白云岩的稳定同位素C和O值、87Sr/86Sr比值等特征表明这些白云岩具有埋藏成因的证据。下三叠统飞仙关组白云岩具有暗红色阴极发光,微量元素Fe为600×10-6~1000×10-6,Mn为14×10-6~78×10-6,稳定同位素氧组分为-6.73~-3.65‰（PDB）,（平均值为-4.89‰PDB）,稳定同位素锶（87Sr/86Sr）为0.707 35~0.708 00。薄片下可以看到白云石沿着裂缝交代,上述的特征表明白云岩在埋藏条件下形成的。     

Geochronology and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic composition of the granites, enclaves, and dikes in the Karamay area, NW China: Insights into late Carboniferous crustal growth of West Junggar

New whole-rock major and trace elements,and zircon U-Pb and Hf-Nd isotope compositions are reported for the Karamay dikes,enclaves,and host granites in the West Junggar,NW China.Zircon U-Pb dating of the Karamay pluton yields an age of 300.7 ± 2.3 Ma for the enclave and 300.0 ± 2.6 Ma for the host granite,which was intruded by dike with an age of 298 Ma.The host granites exhibit relatively low SiO_2 contents and A/CNK and Ga/Al ratios,low initial ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios(0.703421—0.703526) and positive εHf(t)(5.5—14.1) and εNd(t)(7.3—8.1) values with a young model age,suggesting that they are I-type granites and were mainly derived from a juvenile lower crustal source.The enclaves and dikes belong to an andesitic calc-alkaline series and have high MgO concentrations at low silica content and positive εNf(t)(7.6-13.2,14.2-14.9) and εNd(t)(6.8-8.3,~6.9) values.They are enriched in LILEs(Rb,Ba and U) and LREE and depleted in HFSEs(Nb and Ta) with insignificant negative Eu anomalies,indicating that the melts were derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle modified by subducted oceanic crust-derived melts and minor fluids,followed by fractional crystallization.The Karamay host granites and enclaves are of mixed origin and are most probably formed by the interaction between the lower crust- and lithospheric mantle-derived magmas,and were intruded by the unmixed dikes subsequently.The upwelling mantle through a slab window in an island arc environment might have triggered partial melting of the lithospheric mantle and its subsequent interaction with the granitic magma,further suggesting that the ridge subduction played an important role in the crustal growth of West Junggar.     

Ore genesis of the Tianbaoshan carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposit,Southwest China: geologic and isotopic (C–H–O–S–Pb) evidence

The Tianbaoshan Pb–Zn deposit, part of the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou (SYG) Pb–Zn metallogenic province, is located in the western Yangtze Block and contains 2.6 million tonnes of 10–15 wt.% Pb + Zn metals. Ore bodies occur as vein or tubular types and are hosted in Sinian (late Proterozoic) carbonate rocks and are structurally controlled by the SN-trending Anninghe tectonic belt and NW-trending concealed fractures. The deposits are simple in mineralogy, with sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, freibergite, and pyrargyrite as ore minerals and dolomite, calcite, and quartz as gangue minerals. These phases occur as massive, brecciated, veinlet, and dissemination in dolostone of the upper Sinian Dengying Formation. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of hydrothermal fluids range from –47.6 to –51.2‰ and –1.7 to +3.7‰, respectively. These data suggest that H₂O in hydrothermal fluids had a mixed origin of metamorphic and meteoric waters. Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions range from –6.5 to –4.9‰ and +19.3 to +20.2‰, respectively. These compositions plot in the field between mantle and marine carbonate rocks with a negative correlation, suggesting that CO₂ in the ore-forming fluids had multiple sources, including the Permian Emeishan flood basalts, Sinian-to-Permian marine carbonate rocks, and organic matters in Cambrian-to-Permian sedimentary rocks. Sulphur isotope compositions range from –0.4 to +9.6‰, significantly lower than Cambrian-to-Permian seawater sulphate (+15 to +35‰) and sulphate (+15 to +28‰) from evaporates in Cambrian-to-Permian strata, implicating that the S was derived from host-strata evaporates by thermal–chemical sulphate reduction. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios range from 18.110 to 18.596, 15.514 to 15.878, and 38.032 to 39.221, respectively, which plot in field of the upper crust Pb evolution curve, unlike those of Proterozoic basement rocks, Sinian dolostone, Devonian-to-Permian carbonate rocks, and the Permian Emeishan flood basalts, implying complex derivation of Pb metal in the ore-forming fluids. Geological and isotopic studies of the Tianbaoshan Pb–Zn deposit reveal that constituents in the hydrothermal fluids were derived from multiple sources and that fluid mixing was a possible metallogenic mechanism. The studied deposit is not distal magmatic–hydrothermal, sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX), or Mississippi Valley (MVT) types, rather, it represents a unique ore deposit type, named in this article the SYG type.     

长螺旋旋喷搅拌水泥土帷幕桩及其应用

介绍了一种新的专利技术——长螺旋旋喷搅拌水泥土桩,尤其适用于北京等硬土地区在已施护坡桩之间做帷幕,克服砂卵石等硬地层,比其它方法在技术可靠、施工高效、安全文明、经济环保4方面有明显优势。同时介绍了该技术在北京大学留学生公寓楼基坑工程中的应用,确保了西侧5栋高教住宅楼的安全和正常使用。