关于地震台站极性校正的问题

国内外的台网中总是一些台站，其极性读取似乎是由大量台站Ｐ波初动的整体分布确定的震源机制相矛盾，这些矛盾通常被作为坏读（ｂａｄ ｒｅａｄｉｎｇ）处理，造成台站的极性问题的复杂原因究竟是什么，利用ＮＥＩＣ的核爆资料，文中给出两种可能推测：台站仪器本身的不可和地震本身的复杂性。     

Temporal changes in shear wave splitting after the M=5. 2 Shimian Earthquake

ＴｅｍｐｏｒａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎｓｈｅａｒｗａｖｅｓｐｌｉｔｔｉｎｇａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅＭ＝５．２ＳｈｉｍｉａｎＥａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅ　ｏｆ　Ｊｕｎｅ　９，１９８９Ｔｉａｎ－ＣｈａｎｇＣＨＥＮ；Ｚｈｉ－ＪｕｎＬＩ；Ｒｕｎ－ＳｈｅｎｇＺＨＡＮＧ；ＧｕｏＧｕ...     

滇东重点监视区Q值随时间变化的研究

本文根据Ａｋｉ的尾波散射理论，在前几年圈定的滇东重点监视区范围内量取了１１个台近站２５００个地震尾波资料，计算了各台在研究的大区域及６个小区域内的随时间变化的Ｑ值，并分析了其随时间变化的特征，得出滇东重点监视区在未来３至５年内不会有７级以上大震发生的危险性。     

EFFECTS OF TOPOGRAPHY ON PROPAGATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INERTIA GRAVITY WAVE

Effects of topography on the propagation and development of inertia gravity waves areinvestigated by means of WKBJ method.The equation of wave action conservation is obtained.It isfound that the inertia gravity wave tends to propagate to the higher elevation area,meanwhile theamplitudes of the waves increase.While the inertia gravity waves propagate to a lower elevation area,their amplitudes decrease.     

考虑β随纬度变化下的Rossby孤立波与偶极子阻塞

利用文献[4]得到的推广的β平面近似式为f=f0+β0 y—（δ0/2）y2,研究由δ0项所引起的一类Rossby孤立波，而不考虑基流切变和地形等因子的作用。经过计算可以发现，当经向波数为1时，这种孤立波具有显著的南低北高的偶极子阻塞结构，它主要存在于弱西风气流中，并且偶极子的能量随着纬度的增高更容易集中(即高纬偶极子结构趋于局地化)，因而，β随纬度的变化可能是中高纬度地区偶极子阻塞产生的原因之一。     

6月份格陵兰海冰异常对黄河中上游7月份旱涝的影响

通过北极4个区的海水DQ%指数和全国160站7月份降水关系的诊断分析指出，6月份格陵兰海冰异常与黄河中上游7月份旱涝存在着明显的联系，6月份格陵兰海冰少(多)时，黄河中上游7月份易涝（旱）。产生这种联系的物理机制是6月份格陵兰海冰异常影响7月份欧亚大气环流，导致黄河中上游7月份降水产生异常。通过对相关场进行显著性检验，确认了6月份格陵兰海冰异常与黄河中上游7月份旱涝联系在统计上的可靠性。同时发现，有时随机数序列与气象要素场的相关场会达到很高的显著水平，而且这种相关场中的显著相关区的分布并不是杂乱无章的，而是成片分布的。这项工作指出了把对相关场的显著性检验与相关场成因的物理机制分析相结合的必要性。     

横向非均匀介质中弹性地震波传播的数值模拟

应用混合变量弹性动力学方程和线性常微分方程组的矩阵指数解法，将层状介质中广泛应用的弹性波传播矩阵解法推广至横向非均匀介质，给出了一种可计算复杂地质体中弹性波传播的广义传播矩阵数值解法。该方法可模拟任意震源及所产生的各种体波、面波，数值结果表明具有很高的计算精度。     

Conservation laws of wave action and potential enstrophy for rossby waves in a stratified atmosphere

The purpose of this article is to discuss the evolution of wave energy, enstrophy and action for atmospheric Rossby waves in a variable mean flow. The presentation is theoretical, but does not represent original research; rather, it is pedagogic in nature. The work of a number of people has been drawn together into a unified account, with much of the algebra implicit in previous work made explicit here. The central results are that wave energy is conserved only when there are no spatial variations in the mean flow, and wave action is conserved even in the presence of such variations as long as they are not in the longitudinal direction. Finally, wave enstrophy is conserved in the presence of arbitrary (slow) mean flow variations.     

Hysteresis‐based flood‐wave analysis using the concept of strain

Hysteresis represents a loop in a rating curve and is a phenomenon which closely resembles that occurring in stress–strain curves used for studying the elastic properties of solid substances in engineering mechanics. Earlier hysteresis‐based studies used for defining floodwave propagation in open channels have qualitatively shown that hysteresis is an index of energy loss during floodwave propagation. Using the concept of elasticity, this paper introduces a new term called flow strain (defined as the ratio of change in discharge to the initial discharge) for investigating hysteresis. The usefulness of this new term is evaluated with use of four dam‐break studies. The study reveals that:

• 1 flow strain is a function of three wave speeds, Seddon speed, Lagrange speed, and elastic speed;
• 2 a single linear reservoir concept frequently used in flood routing is a specific variant of the Seddon speed formula;
• 3 the non‐linear storage–discharge relationship, widely used in overland flow modelling, is a variant of the kinematic wave representation;
• 4 the discharge ordinates on the recession part of a hydrograph follow a simple first‐order autoregressive form;
• 5 the hysteresis, phase difference and logarithmic decrement all define attenuation and are indices of energy loss during floodwave propagation.

Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

各向异性半空间上方垂直磁偶极子电磁场的球面波展开式

文中推导出单轴各向异性媒质半空间上方垂直磁偶极源电磁场的精确解析表达式. 应用圆柱波函数的球面波展开式和超几何函数理论，场分量中的索末菲尔德型积分被表示成快速、绝对收敛的球面波函数系展开式；展开系数是以物性参数为复宗量的勒让德多项式. 该展开式数学物理意义明显，并且不受场点和源点的位置、媒质的物性参数和频率等条件的限制. 利用本文的结果可十分方便地计算和分析任意场点处的电磁场分布.