辽东湾海冰后向光场分布的研究

海冰光场分布特性的研究是冰区大气-海冰-海洋能量交换和生物特性研究的基础,通过设计"L"型辐亮度探头,运用自主研发的海冰高光谱辐射仪器于国内首次现场测量了辽东湾海冰内部光场的分布特性,研究发现海冰表层5cm至底层在水平方向上光场各向同性,进而认为在所观测站点的附近,采集冰块测量光场分布不依赖于海冰侧表面的选择.采集海冰...     

Atmospheric correction scheme for GLI with absorptive aerosol correction

The present study proposes an atmospheric correction scheme for Advanced Earth Observation Satellite II (ADEOS-II)/Global Imager (GLI) ocean color retrieval that corrects for the atmospheric absorptive aerosol effect. Radiative transfer simulations were conducted assuming a non-absorptive model aerosol with a soot-type aerosol at various mixture ratios. The results indicate that while the spectral dependency of aerosol reflectance does not change in the longer (>550 nm) wavelength region, the reflectance at shorter wavelengths is highly variable and depends on the mixture ratio. The influence of aerosol absorption was also investigated using GLI data from ocean areas adjacent to Japan in the presence of absorptive Siberian fire smoke aerosol in the spring of 2003. The spectral curvature of the aerosol was estimated from the data obtained. An empirical, iterative scheme that detects and evaluates the influence of absorptive aerosols was developed by comparing 380 nm GLI-observed aerosol reflectance with predicted reflectances derived using an in-water optical model. To evaluate the performance of this scheme, satellite-derived normalized water-leaving radiances were compared with those measured from a ferry servicing Nagasaki and Fukue. The results of data acquired on March 20, 2003, indicate that this absorption correction scheme improved root mean square estimation error for normalized water-leaving radiance by approximately 40% in the 380, 400, and 412 nm bands. This atmospheric correction algorithm was used as a part of the second version of the GLI standard ocean color data process system at Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).     

水下光谱辐射测量技术

海水中的叶绿素、泥沙、黄色物质等及其含量直接影响海水的光谱特性。此外，海洋水色遥感算法的建立及验证也离不开现场相关光学参数的测量，准确的海水现场光谱辐射测量，是提高海洋水色定量化遥感精度的重要环节。文章通过开展水下光谱辐射测量方法的讨论、仪器总体方案的设计及相应的试验的结果分析，提出了有关水下光谱辐射测量仪器构成的一些想法。     

TMI被动微波遥感资料用于地表洪涝特征分析试验

星载被动微波遥感资料为云天条件下地表洪涝特征分析提供了可能。微波极化比 (PR)可以有效刻画地表洪涝特征 ,宏观反映地表湿度信息。正演模拟分析结果表明地表粗糙度、地表植被覆盖状况和地表湿度对上行微波亮温有影响 ;TRMM/TMI低频微波通道微波极化比能减弱大气因素的影响 ,清晰反映地表的洪涝特征。合理确定分类阈值 ,对 1 998年长江流域洪涝区进行地表洪涝特征分析 ,可以在TMI像元尺度 ,将洪涝区分类为不同等级。洪涝区分类结果与经过天 -地校验过的机载和星载SAR资料地表洪涝分类实况对比 ,TRMM/TMI低频微波通道微波极化比 1 0GHz的PR1 0和 1 9GHz的PR1 9的分类正确率不低于 75 %。     

地物辐亮度方程及其讨论

本文从物体的反射特性与热辐射特性出发,在考虑大气影响后,推导出遥感中轨道传感器接受到地物的辐亮度的表达式,并对发射光谱(热红外、微波波段)的情况进行了讨论。     

风云一号遥感器可见光通道大气程辐射之间的关系

本文利用光谱辐射计测量的大气程辐射资料,研究了相应于“风云一号”卫星上改进型甚高分辨率扫描辐射计(CAVHRR)4个可见光通道的大气程辐射量(N_a)之间的关系。结果表明它们满足((N_a(λ))/(N_a(λ_0)))=A(λ/λ_0)~B的关系。 经回归分析得:A为1.0887,B为3.6587。式中λ_0是CAVHRR第二通道的中心波长,即λ_0=0.875μm,λ是CAVHRR其他3个通道中心波长。     

A Method for Retrieving Water-leaving Radiance from Landsat TM Image in Taihu Lake, East China

The visible and infrared bands of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) can be used for inland water studies. A method of retrieving water-leaving radiance from TM image over Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province of China was investigated in this article. To estimate water-leaving radiance, atmospheric correction was performed in three visible bands of 485nm, 560nm and 660nm. Rayleigh scattering was computed precisely, and the aerosol contribution was estimated by adopting the clear-water-pixels approach. The clear waters were identified by using the Landsat TM middle-infrared band (2.1μm), and the water-leaving radiance of clear water pixels in the green band was estimated by using field data. Aerosol scattering at green band was derived for six points, and interpolated to match the TM image. Assuming the atmospheric correction coefficient was 1.0, the aerosol scattering image at blue and red bands were derived. Based on a simplified atmospheric radiation transfer model, the water-leaving radiance for three visible bands was retrieved. The water-leaving radiance was normalized to make it comparable with that estimated from other remotely sensed data acquired at different times, and under different atmospheric conditions. Additionally, remotely sensed reflectance of water was computed. To evaluate the atmospheric correction method presented in this article, the correlation was analyzed between the corrected remotely sensed data and the measured water parameters based on the retrieval model. The results show that the atmospheric correction method based on the image itself is more effective for the retrieval of water parameters from Landsat TM data than 6S (Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum) code based on standard atmospheric and aerosol models.     

高温目标辐射亮度比的方向性研究

为研究高温目标在短波红外发射辐射的方向性,建立多角度观测物理模型;以燃烧竹炭作为小面元高温目标,在暗室条件下使用ASD FieldSpec3光谱仪对高温目标的辐射亮度进行多角度观测和分析。仅使用一台光谱仪无法同时获取多个角度的观测数据,且以不同角度观测时,高温目标温度发生明显改变,本文采用一种自定义的降温模型计算多角度观测的参比辐射亮度,并提出一个概念-辐射亮度比(多角度辐射亮度/参比辐射亮度),用以消除高温目标降温的影响。结果表明,降温模型精度很高,辐射亮度比这一概念很好地刻画了高温目标在短波红外辐射的方向性,余弦函数、傅里叶级数均可实现对辐射亮度比随角度变化的高精度拟合。     

HJ-1A星辐射定标及近海水体大气校正的精度验证

以应用HJ-1A星数据进行近海水体定量反演为目的,对HJ-1A星CCD的星上定标系数的精度进行验证,并基于Landsat-5TM数据对其进行交叉定标。在此基础上反演近海水体的反射率,将反演结果与实测水体反射率进行比较发现:对HJ-1A星CCD数据进行交叉定标能在一定程度上能提高近海水体反射率反演的精度。结果表明,HJ-1A星CCD影像的星上定标系数不够精确,在利用该数据进行近海水体的定量反演研究时,需要利用交叉定标对星上定标参数进行修正。     

Laboratory measurements on radon exposure effects on local environmental temperature: Implications for satellite TIR measurements

Surface latent heat flux (SLHF) is proportional to the heat released by phase changes during solidification, evaporation or melting. Effects of SLHF on the earth’s surface could be measured by satellite techniques capable of measuring thermal infrared radiation (TIR). Recent studies have found a possible correlation between SLHF and earthquakes, hence satellite techniques are widely used in research into the possible link between SLHF and earthquakes. Possible fluctuations in SLHF values during seismic periods have been attributed to different causes, such as the expulsion from the ground of greenhouse gases or because of radon. In particular, ionization processes due to radon decay could lead to changes in air temperature. Laboratory experiments have been carried out to highlight the possible role of radon in the thermal environmental conditions of a laboratory-controlled atmospheric volume.