汶川地震频次场异常特征分析

地震频次场是描述地震发生频次时空特征的一种数学方法。将2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震震中附近区域(30.0°～33.0°N、101.5°～105.5°E)作为研究对象,以自然正交函数展开方法分析频次场典型场时间因子的时间变化特征。当取前8个特征值对应的典型场时,拟合精度可达0.936 8;其中6个典型场显示有异常变化,占总场比重的0.691 1;异常出现时间最早在2004年9月,即震前3年7个月,最迟在震前1个多月,表现出短临异常特征。研究结果表明利用地震频次场方法能够较为理想地提取汶川8.0级地震震前异常。     

安徽两次中等地震发震断层参数测定

根据地震波传播过程中的多普勒效应。利用拐角频率的方向变化,用最小二乘法反演了2005年寿县ML4．1级、2006定远ML4.7级地震的发震断层参数。结果表明,反演得到的中等地震的发震断层参数与震中附近实际断层的参数基本一致,破裂速度均小于S波的速度,且破裂长度为0．2-0．3km。     

On the relationship between flood and contributing area

Although it is well known that the vast majority of the time only a portion of any watershed contributes run‐off to the outlet, this extent is rarely documented. Also, the power law form of the streamflow and contributing area (Q‐A_c) relationship has been known for a half century, but it is uncommon for it to be quantified, and time series of contributing area extensive enough to calculate its frequency distribution are almost non‐existent. Data from the Canadian Prairies, where there are extensive estimates of contributing area during the median annual flood, imply that the power law coefficient for any Q‐A_c curve is a function of flow magnitude and return period. These data also suggest that regional flood frequency curves are a construct of Q‐A_c curves from individual basins. This paper will discuss research that attempted to reproduce the Q‐A_c curves for the La Salle River Watershed with a semidistributed numerical hydrological model, MESH‐PDMROF. The model simulated streamflow reasonably well (Nash Sutcliffe values = 0.62) compared with published examples of comparable models applied in the region. Estimates of the coefficient and exponent of the Q‐A_c power law function ranged from 0.08–0.14 and 0.9–1.12, respectively. These exponent values were lower than those of regional flood frequency curves and support the theory that regional flood frequency curves are a construct of Q‐A_c curves. Simulations of the area contributing to the median annual flood were lower (0.3) than those derived from independent topographic analysis (0.9) described in earlier literature though there is uncertainty in both these estimates. This uncertainty was extended across the flood frequency distribution and may be too large to definitively verify the study hypothesis.     

Flow frequency responses to hardwood-to-grass conversion and subsequent succession

A 8.9 ha (22 acre) catchment at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in western North Carolina was cleared of hardwood forest in 1958 and 1959 and seeded to Kentucky 31 fescue grass in 1959 and 1960. Grass production was high in years when fertilizer was applied and water yield was very similar to that expected from the original forest cover. as grass production declined, so water yields rose, with important increases in the magnitude of both low frequency flows and, particularly, in baseflow. in 1967 and 1968, when all vegetation was deadened in the catchment, the discharge levels in all flow frequency classes were higher. Natural revegetation was then allowed and water yields gradually declined towards the expected level, although there remained a tendency for winter flows to remain higher, and for summer flows to be lower than expected. This paper updates the earlier work of Hibbert (1969) and uses flow duration curves to extend his results.     

云场中云簇的测量

使用云分割法和最近累积分布函数法，通过蒙特卡罗模拟和陆地卫星资料研究了卷云覆盖频率与云簇型式的依赖关系。结果表明：由于云分布“核态”的尺度依赖于云网格的尺度，云分布“模态”不能很好地描述云尺度大小分布，这里云尺度大小是指云覆盖量最大时的尺度权重（是云尺度大小的函数）。同时也表明卷云的“模型”尺度与云网格尺度之间关系最小，对任何给定的云尺度分布，“最小模态尺度”是唯一的。在云的组成具有相同尺度及与较大尺度云重迭的云场中，“最小模态尺度”与云覆盖频率分布的形状有关。云尺度分布引起的簇的形式不同于云中心区云簇的形式，其原因是“有效”的云尺度大小取决于网格区域的大小，并且是由云簇决定的，有效的云尺度是由云覆盖频率分布形状反算得到的     

VLBI、SLR与时频

叙述VLBI、SLR对时频的要求,上海天文台VLBI、SLR的时频系统,并在此基础上重点介绍上海天文台有关方面的研究.     

西南低涡移动的初步分析

从描述西南低涡运动的中尺度原始方程组出发，对低涡系统作水平分布的零阶Ｂｅｓｓｅｌ函数近似，在铅直方向上取６层斜压模式近似；导出了西南低涡移动速度的控制方程，得到了影响低涡移动的较为全面的因子，并通过对个例进行６层斜压模式的数值计算和诊断分析，找出了对低涡移动取决定性作用的决定性因子、一般影响因子、作用较小的修正因子和贡献极其在弱的不影响因子。然后分析和讨论了各因子对低涡移动作用的物理意义，为认识西南低涡移动的物理机制及用于业务预报提供参考。     

Effect of water depth on wind-wave frequency spectrum II. Verification and comparison

The spectrum derived in Part I of the present paper is here systematically verified with field data and compared at some length with that obtained by multiplying the deep-water spectrum with the Kitaigorodskii factor. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Wavelet analysis and applications to some dynamical systems

For about five years the wavelet transform technique has given interesting results in a great number of different fields such as mathematics, quantum mechanics, signal analysis and image processing, cluster analysis... The wavelet transform appears as a new time-frequency method which is particularly well-suited to detect and to localize discontinuities and scaling behaviours in signals. The main properties of the wavelet transform and its improvements over classical analyzing methods are summarized. Some results among the first applications to the dynamical systems are presented: solution of partial differential equations, fractal and turbulence characterization, and asteroid family determination from cluster analysis.