Reflection/transmission laws for slowness vectors in viscoelastic anisotropic media

The reflection/transmission laws (R/T laws) of plane waves at a plane interface between two homogeneous anisotropic viscoelastic (dissipative) halfspaces are discussed. Algorithms for determining the slowness vectors of reflected/transmitted plane waves from the known slowness vector of the incident wave are proposed. In viscoelastic media, the slowness vectors of plane waves are complex-valued, p = P + iA, where P is the propagation vector, and A the attenuation vector. The proposed algorithms may be applied to bulk plane waves (A = 0), homogeneous plane waves (A ≠ 0, P and A parallel), and inhomogeneous plane waves (A ≠ 0, P and A non-parallel). The manner, in which the slowness vector is specified, plays an important role in the algorithms. For unrestricted anisotropy and viscoelasticity, the algorithms require an algebraic equation of the sixth degree to be solved in each halfspace. The degree of the algebraic equation decreases to four or two for simpler cases (isotropic media, plane waves in symmetry planes of anisotropic media). The physical consequences of the proposed algorithms are discussed in detail. vcerveny@seis.karlov.mff.cuni.cz     

滨海软土非线性流变模型及其工程应用研究

基于室内一维固结蠕变试验,研究了天津滨海淤泥质软黏土的蠕变变形规律,建立了反映滨海软黏土的非线性流变本构模型,确定了模型中的各个参数。通过此本构模型推导出天津软黏土的沉降计算公式,利用该公式对天津滨海地区北塘水库大坝软土堤基进行了沉降计算和分析,计算值与实测值比较吻合,证明了流变模型的合理性,同时也说明在软土地基沉降计算中,考虑非线性流变性状的影响是必要的。并对天津滨海新区软土长期蠕变沉降作出预测。     

黏-弹性人工边界在双江口土石坝动力分析中的应用

应用黏-弹性人工边界于双江口土石坝的动力响应分析中,考察了黏-弹性人工边界及地基辐射阻尼效应对土石坝动力响应的影响程度。计算果表明,该方法比传统的固定边界无质量地基下的大坝加速度动响应结果降低了15%~30%,在土石坝的动力响应分析中应当予以重视。     

非饱和黏土动力特性及等价黏弹性模型的试验研究

针对非饱和重塑黏土,利用改进的非饱和土静力-动力液压三轴-扭转多功能剪切仪,在固结排水（CD）条件下进行了应力控制式分级加载的循环三轴试验,通过对试验结果的对比分析,探讨了初始固结压力和基质吸力(孔隙气压力Ua与孔隙水压力Uw之差)对非饱和土动应力-动应变关系特性的影响。以此为基础,将Hardin-Drnerich等价黏弹性模型和Masing加卸载准则进行了改进,并得到了可以考虑基质吸力的非饱和黏土的等价黏弹性模型。进而对试验数据与模型预测结果进行比较,结果表明这种改进的非饱和土等价黏弹性模型能较好预测各种基质吸力下非饱和土的动应力-动应变关系。     

汶川地震震后余滑和震后粘弹性松弛数值模拟分析

采用2010～2015年汶川地区GNSS震后形变资料,利用有限元法建立三维震后粘弹性松弛模型,通过二维格网搜索获得龙门山断裂带上盘最佳弹性层厚度和中下地壳最佳粘滞系数,并分析汶川地震震后2～7 a粘弹性松弛影响下的震后形变特征;然后采用2008～2009年GNSS震后形变资料,根据最佳参数建立粘弹性松弛与余滑组合模型,...     

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??ANSYS?????????????絥??? ??Combin14????????????????????????????????????????練??????????????????????????????仯???????Ч??????????????????????????Ч?????????     

黏弹性地基板在矩形变速荷载作用下的振动分析

利用双重Fourier变换方法,首先推导得到了黏弹性地基板在多个矩形变速移动荷载作用下的动力响应一般解。然后以实际刚性路面为算例,采用快速傅立叶变换(FFT)方法对匀变速荷载作用下的板的动挠度进行了数值求解。与经典解进行了比较,显示出了较好的一致性。利用数值结果重点分析了矩形移动荷载的加速度、减速度以及初速度对板的动态挠度的影响,发现移动荷载加速度、减速度及初速度对黏弹性地基板动力响应的影响十分明显,随着加速度（减速度）和初速度的增大,板的动挠度在关键速度时明显减小;板的动挠度出现峰值的位置对应着不同的加速度（减速度）和初速度,但却对应着相同的关键速度。     

Damping systems that are effective over a wide range of displacement amplitudes using metallic yielding component and viscoelastic damper in series

A damper system that absorbs energy over a wide range of displacement amplitudes during building vibration was proposed. This system uses a serial connection of a metallic yielding component and viscoelastic damper with a displacement limit mechanism. Three types of the system were developed and tested: a diagonal bracing type, inverted V bracing type, and wall type. The test results showed that all these systems have damping ratios higher than 8% at small vibration amplitudes on the order of 0.1 mm. For a large vibration, a displacement limit mechanism with two pins limited the displacement of the viscoelastic damper as designed. Analytical simulations established that the system reduced the acceleration and the story drift to 60–70% and 80%, respectively, during a small earthquake compared with a conventional metallic yielding damper system. Furthermore, it showed an equivalent control performance during a severe earthquake. The damper system requires that a clearance be maintained for the displacement limit mechanism. However, this may be lost through construction error, residual displacement after an earthquake, and temperature effects. The changes in the clearance due to these effects were discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

软岩流变相似材料的研制及物理模型试验应用

目前能合理模拟软岩流变效应的相似材料很少,而采用模型试验法研究软岩工程的长期流变效应也处于探索阶段。为给软岩流变模型试验提供合适的相似材料,研制出一种以铁粉、重晶石粉和石英砂为骨料,松香酒精溶液为胶结剂,液压油为黏滞剂的软岩流变相似材料。该相似材料强度低,流变性强,不仅可模拟软岩的瞬时弹塑性性质,也能较好模拟软岩的流变特性。假定骨料比例恒定,调节松香酒精溶液浓度m和液压油含量w,开展了一系列梯度配比试验。研究表明：（1）该相似材料的主要瞬时强度变形参数和西原模型流变参数均受m和w两因素的双重影响;（2）松香酒精溶液浓度越大,试样强度越大,流变性越小;（3）液压油含量越大,试样强度越小,流变性越明显;（4）相比松香酒精溶液浓度m,液压油含量w对西原模型各参数的影响更大,起主控作用。最终,将该相似材料应用于神华新街软弱砂质泥岩煤矿盾构斜井的长期流变模型试验中,试验结果表明：该材料瞬时力学性能和流变特性均达到试验要求,为试验取得良好结果提供了材料保证。     

Seismic performance evaluation of typical dampers designed by Chinese building code

Adding dampers is a commonly adopted seismic risk mitigation strategy for modern buildings, and the corresponding design procedure of dampers has been well established by the Chinese Building Code. Even though all types of dampers are designed by the same procedure, actual seismic performance of the building may differ from one to the others. In this study, a nine-story benchmark steel building is established, and three different and typical types of dampers are designed according to the Chinese Building Code to realize structural vibration control under strong earthquake excitation. The seismic response of the prototype building equipped with a viscoelastic damper, viscous damper and buckling-restrained brace(BRB) subjected to 10 earthquake records are calculated, and Incremental Dynamic Analysis(IDA) is performed to describe progressive damage of the structure under increasing earthquake intensity. In the perspective of fragility, it shows that the viscoelastic damper has the highest collapse margin ratio(CMR), and the viscous damper provides the best drift control. Both the BRB and viscoelastic dampers can effectively reduce the floor acceleration responses in the mid-rise building.