Simulating urban land-use changes at a large scale by integrating dynamic land parcel subdivision and vector-based cellular automata

Cellular automata (CA) have been widely used to simulate complex urban development processes. Previous studies indicated that vector-based cellular automata (VCA) could be applied to simulate urban land-use changes at a realistic land parcel level. Because of the complexity of VCA, these studies were conducted at small scales or did not adequately consider the highly fragmented processes of urban development. This study aims to build an effective framework called dynamic land parcel subdivision (DLPS)-VCA to accurately simulate urban land-use change processes at the land parcel level. We introduce this model in urban land-use change simulations to reasonably divide land parcels and introduce a random forest algorithm (RFA) model to explore the transition rules of urban land-use changes. Finally, we simulate the land-use changes in Shenzhen between 2009 and 2014 via the proposed DLPS-VCA model. Compared to the advanced Patch-CA and RFA-VCA models, the DLPS-VCA model achieves the highest simulation accuracy (Figure-of-Merit = 0.232), which is 32.57% and 18.97% higher respectively, and is most similar to the actual land-use scenario (similarity = 94.73%) at the pattern level. These results indicate that the DLPS-VCA model can both accurately split the land during urban land-use changes and significantly simulate urban expansion and urban land-use changes at a fine scale. Furthermore, the land-use change rules that are based on DPLS-VCA mining and the simulation results of several future urban development scenarios can act as guides for future urban planning policy formulation.     

热带气旋对副热带高压短期时间尺度变化的影响

文中用ＮＣＥＰ／ＮＣＡＲ逐日资料对西太平洋副热带高压的短期时间尺度演化进行了诊断研究，接　着对诊断结果进行了理论分析，并用一个正压原始方程模式实施数值试验。结果表明，　副热　带高压南侧东风气流中的热带气旋及其频散生成高值系统与副热带高压的相互作用，可以形　成台风北上副热带　高压断裂后的纬向非对称流型和脊线与纬圈斜交的现象；同时讨论了存在这种相互作用的约　束条件。     

计算机真实感图形技术在数码城市可视化中的应用

目前，数码城市的建设正逐渐成为我国信息产业的热点，如何真实，生动，实时地表现城市面貌，是数码城市建设要达到的关键目标之一。本文对计算机真实感图形技术在数码城市可视化建设中的应用进行了初步探讨。     

大型遥感图像处理系统中集成数据库设计及应用

大型遥感图像处理应用系统中，往往需要实时获取各种背景或专题数据，该过程即是数据动态集成过程。集成数据库是建立在各种专题数据基础上的数据集成使用框架体系，该文描述了集成数据库的结构及各类子库的组成，根据项目的特殊需求提出了虚拟数据库概念，并结合实例说明了集成数据库以元数据为链条的使用机制与方法。     

The Digital National Framework and Digital Photogrammetry at Ordnance Survey

Over recent months the Ordnance Survey, Britain's national mapping agency, has changed the way in which it uses photogrammetry to update its large scales topographic database. The nature of the database itself has also changed during the same period, as the concept of a "Digital National Framework" has developed. This paper describes the Digital National Framework, the topographic data captured by Ordnance Survey within this framework and the capture methods currently used. The paper concentrates on the use of photogrammetry in the update process, describing the methods of the past, the methods currently in production, and the outlook for photogrammetry within the Ordnance Survey in future.     

热带大气半地转适应理论的尺度分析和物理机制

对热带大气行星尺度运动所做的尺度分析和物理分析表明:热带大气 的行星尺度运动在y方向容易实现气压梯度力与Coriolis力的平衡，它称为纬圈的 半地转运动。半地转平衡的建立过程，也就是半地转适应过程相对是很短暂的，它不需 要考虑f=β0y随y的变化，因而主要依靠惯性重力波为频散；而半地转平 衡建立后的演变过程相对是很缓慢的，它主要受Kelvin波和Rossby波控制。     

云南地区强震前中小地震活跃—平静的定量计算

以累计频度定量计算方法 ,讨论了云南地区 1970年以来 ,各个强震孕震区的地震活动非线性度ZL值的时间进程曲线 ,系统计算了Ms≥ 6 3级强震前的ZL值曲线 ,结果表明 :强震前地震活动非线性度ZL值异常表现出的地震孕震区的地震平静—活跃或活跃—平静过程至少出现一次 ,且震例中的 83 %开始出现平静(活跃 )的时间为强震前 1～ 2 12 年 ,强震前半年左右结束出现活跃 (平静 )。     

Sea surface heights obtained from Modular Ocean Model simulation and comparison with Topex/Poseidon data for the Indian Ocean

The Modular Ocean Model (MOM) is perhaps the most versatile ocean model available today for the simulation of the large scale circulation of the ocean. The Topex/Poseidon altimeter which has been operating since September 1992 has been providing sea surface heights (SSH) of the accuracy of 5–10 cms with a repeat cycle of 10 days. We examine in this paper, the SSH in the Indian Ocean obtained from a global simulation of MOM with a resolution of 1° in the longitude, 1/3° in the latitude between 30°S and 30°N and 20 levels in the vertical with climatological windforcing and restoring conditions on temperature and salinity. They are compared with the SSH from the Topex/Poseidon altimeter after suitable filtering in the time domain to remove smaller time and length scales. In addition, unfiltered data from both sources are analysed by estimating the cross-spectral density to find the coherence and crossphase at different frequencies. The agreement between the two, over most of the Northern Indian Ocean, especially the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal is quite good.     

大尺度山地上空臭氧亏损及其变化趋势

通过对卫星资料的分析,揭示了全球大尺度山地上空有大气臭氧亏损,其极大值出现在春季或初夏,线性回归分析表明:在1979～1991年中,全球大尺度山地上空的臭氧总量呈下降趋势。     

冀中地区深井水温分布特征和与其有关的地震前兆分析

本文用地球化学温标计算了冀中地区深井蓄水层的温度,并用不同温标计算的结果进行了对比研究。进而研究了温度对CaF_2等难溶化合物溶解度,水—岩氧同位素交换和离子交换反应,水—岩化学反应以及气体溶解度的影响。指出与上述作用有关的组分,如,SiO_2、F~-、HCO_3~-、H_2、He、δ~(18)O、Na/K等是对地下水温度变化敏感的组分,震前有可能观测到这些组分的前兆变化。