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991.
In this paper, acoustic sounder (sodar) derived vertical velocity variance (σ
w
2
) and inversion height (Z
i) are used to compute the surface heat flux during the convective activity in the morning hours. The surface heat flux computed
by these methods is found to be of the same order of magnitude as that obtained from tower measurements. Inversion heights
derived from sodar reflectivity profiles averaged for an hour are compared with those obtained from the σ
w
2
/Z profile. Variation of σ
w
2
in the mixed layer is discussed. The data were collected during the Monsoon Trough Boundary Layer Experiment 1990 at Kharagpur.
The analysis is made for four days which represent the pre-monsoon, onset, active and relatively weak phases of the summer
monsoon 1990. The interaction of the ABL with the monsoon activity is studied in terms of the variation of inversion height,
vertical velocity variance and surface heat flux as monsoon progresses from June to August. 相似文献
992.
全面分析重力测量的各种误差和目前能达到的精度后,对垂直形变监测中引入重力观测值的可行性进行了具体研究。结果表明,若仅是为了测定点的垂直位移的高程速率,增加重力测量数据后对形变分析的精度增益十分有限。但是对于大跨度垂直形变监测和局部地区突发性垂直形变测定,重力测量方法可以及时掌握垂直形变的趋势 相似文献
993.
994.
提出了一个由低纬地(海)面风计算边辊层顶垂直速度的方法,得到了低纬边界层顶生趣速度的一些特征,指出了惯性项及β效应的重要作用。 相似文献
995.
Two of the four wells monitored near Parkfield, California, during 1985 showed water level rises beginning three days before theM
w
6.1 Kettleman Hills earthquake. In one of these wells, the 3.0 cm rise was nearly unique in five years of water level data. However, in the other well, which showed a 3.8 cm rise, many other changes of comparable size have been observed. Both wells that did not display pre-earthquake rises tap partially confined aquifers that cannot sustain pressure changes due to tectonic strain having periods longer than several days. We evaluate the effect of partial aquifer confinement on the ability of these four wells to display water level changes in response to aquifer strain. Although the vertical hydraulic diffusivities cannot be determined uniquely, we can find a value of diffusivity for each site that is consistent with the site's tidal and barometric responses as well as with the rate of partial recovery of the coseismic water level drops. Furthermore, the diffusivity for one well is high enough to explain why the preseismic rise could not have been detected there. For the fourth well, the diffusivity is high enough to have reduced the size of the preseismic signal as much as 50%, although it should still have been detectable. Imperfect confinement cannot explain the persistent water level changes in the two partially confined aquifers, but it does show that they were not due to volume strain. The pre-earthquake water level rises may have been precursors to the Kettleman Hills earthquake. If so, they probably were not caused by accelerating slip over the part of the fault plane that ruptured in that earthquake because they are of opposite sign to the observed coseismic water level drops. 相似文献
996.
Summary This paper describes the results from a continuing research project started in 1984, which is investigating improved methods for predicting the underground climate in hot mines. The Homestake Gold Mine in South Dakota was the site for testing methods, based on radial heat flow theory, to measurein situ values of the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of rock. The methods used proved to be quite within the capability of mine staff to carry out for themselves. The results were acceptable and verified thatin situ thermal rock properties can differ considerably from laboratory determined values, in this case by a factor of approximately two.A mine climate simulation program, CLIMSIM, was applied to case studies from the Homestake mine using the measured thermal rock parameters. The results showed good correlation between the measured and simulated values. 相似文献
997.
Donald C. Thornton Alan R. Bandy Arthur R. Driedger III 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,9(1-3):331-346
Determinations of atmospheric sulfur dioxide were made across the North American Aretic using gas chromatography with a detection limit of 25 parts per trillion by volume and a precision of 25% or better. The vertical distribution of sulfur dioxide in the Arctic atmosphere in April, 1986 was highly variable, with concentrations ranging from the detection limit to 15 parts-per-billion by volume (ppbv). While SO2 exceeded 10 ppbv in an exceptional haze layer in the Alaskan Arctic, sulfur dioxide was sometimes in the 1 – 5 ppbv range when the haze was absent. This was particularly true for the Canadian Arctic in the vicinity of Alert. In the lower stratosphere over Ellesmere Island, sulfur dioxide was 0.85 ppbv. 相似文献
998.
999.
Darrell F. Strobel 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,130(2-3):533-546
A review of the important constraints on gravity wave induced diffusion of chemical tracers, heat, and momentum is given. Ground-based microwave spectroscopy measurements of H2O and CO and rocket-based mass spectrometer measurements of Ar constrain the eddy diffusion coefficient for constituent transport (K
zz
) to be (1–3)×105 cm2s–1 in the upper mesosphere. Atomic oxygen data also limitsK
zz
to a comparable value at the mesopause. From the energy balance of the upper mesosphere the eddy diffusion coefficient for heat transport (D
H
) is, at most 6×105 cm2s–1 at the mesopause and decreasing substantially with decreasing altitude. The available evidence for mean wind deceleration and the corresponding eddy diffusion coefficient for momentum stresses (D
M
) suggests that it is at least 1×106 cm2s–1, in the upper mesosphere. Consequently the eddy Prandtl number for macroscopic scale lengths is >3. 相似文献
1000.
A detector for the chemiluminescent measurement of NO in background air is described. A large reduction of interferences is achieved by using a stabilized ozone generator which allows operation of the instrument at lower O3 concentrations. Purification and humidification of the O3 stream further reduces interferences and shortens the instrumental clean-up time, which is important for aircraft missions. From a series of laboratory tests and from measurements performed aboard an aircraft it is demonstrated that the remaining interferences are acceptable for measurements in the undisturbed troposphere. In particular, no remnant NO signal is observed in clean air at night. During flight, a detection limit (2) of 20 ppt is achieved for a 1 min integration time. 相似文献