Plankton distribution and vertical flux of biogenic matter during high summer stratification in the Krka estuary (Eastern Adriatic)

The aim of this study was to investigate phytoplankton abundance, composition and vertical export in the highly stratified Krka estuary, Croatia. The estuary is stratified throughout the year, and an interface between fresh- and brackish water plays an important role in production and degradation of biogenic matter. Vertical export of particulate organic carbon (POC), phytoplankton carbon (PPC) and faecal pellet carbon (FPC) was studied by deploying sediment traps in the middle and lower reach of the estuary and in the adjacent coastal zone. Zooplankton faecal pellet (FP) production experiments were conducted to provide additional information on the potential contribution of FP to the total carbon flux. High suspended concentrations of POC, chlorophyll a and phytoplankton was found in the lower reaches of the Krka estuary, adjacent to a source of anthropogenic eutrophication. The fraction of organic detritus to the total POC flux was 61–69% inside the estuary but only 7% at the marine station. This indicates that the primary producers in the surface layer of the Krka estuary are decomposed in and below the interface and then settle as detritus to the bottom. Low sedimentation rates in the coastal zone outside the estuary revealed that the eutrophication does not spread out of the estuary. Mesozooplankton played a modest role in vertical flux regulation, due to their low abundance and dominance of smaller forms as well as low faecal pellet production rates. It is concluded that processes taking place at the freshwater-seawater interface are of major importance for the vertical carbon flux in the investigated area.     

The influence of island generated eddies on the carbon dioxide system, south of the Canary Islands

Measurements of surface partial pressure of CO₂ and water column alkalinity, pH_T, nutrients, oxygen, fluorescence and hydrography were carried out, south of the Canary Islands during September 1998. Cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies were alternatively observed from the northwestern area to the central area of the Canary Islands. Nutrient pumping and vertical uplifting of the deep chlorophyll maximum by cyclonic eddies were also ascertained by upward displacement of dissolved inorganic carbon. A model was applied to determine the net inorganic carbon balance in the cyclonic eddy. The fluxes were determined considering both the diffusive and convective contributions from the upward pumping and the corresponding horizontal transport of water outside the area. An increase in the total inorganic carbon concentration in the upper layers inside the eddy field of 133 mmol C m^− 2 d^− 1 was determined. The upward flux of inorganic carbon decreased the effect of the increased primary production on the carbon dioxide chemistry. The reduced fCO₂ inside the cyclonic eddy, 15 μatm lower than that observed in non-affected surface water, was explained by thermodynamic aspects, biological activity, eddy upward pumping and diffusion and air–sea water exchange effects.     

南海“耗氧”及“贫氧”水体中消耗氧与硝酸盐和磷酸盐再生比值估算

通过对南海深海区硝酸氮、活性磷酸盐垂直分布的研究,分析了南海垂向耗氧和贫氧水体中硝酸氮、活性磷酸盐和表观耗氧量之间的关系.结果表明垂向上次表层、中层和深层水团中氧的消耗与营养盐再生比值均小于理论值,由此推断水体的混合为有机物再矿化提供氧的补充,但水团混合对水柱中硝酸氮、活性磷酸盐的影响不大,在次表层和中层水团中造成营养盐浓度变化主要是由于有机物再矿化的结果;在深层水团中有机物再矿化对水柱中营养盐梯度变化已不占主导地位.     

重力异常垂向一阶导数的一种简便算法

利用拉格朗日插值导出了重力异常垂向一阶导数的计算公式，给出了地面以及地面之上不同高度的求导系数。该公式可以计算地面上的重力垂向一阶导数，还可以直接计算地面之上任意高度上的垂向一阶导数。鉴于该公式除系数不同外，与上延公式完全相同，因此，程序设计尤为简单。使用本公式对模型数据和实际资料进行了处理，证明了本算法的实用性。     

GALILEO局域增强完备性监测网布设研究

完备性是飞机飞行安全的重要指标之一。我国在各种网的布设中一般只注重精度,而忽略了完备性。本文利用GALILEO模拟数据,在飞行轨迹固定的情况下,通过增减监测站的数量以及变换监测网的形状,计算飞机的精度和垂直保护水平(VPL),并分析飞机在不同监测网中精度和垂直保护水平的的变化规律,可以知道飞机在正方形网形的整体精度好于在其他网形中的精度,飞机在在正方形网形中的VPL虽大于在五边网形中的VPL,但两者相差很少。综合考虑,正方形网形是局域完备性监测网的最优布设网形。     

高原山区局部大地水准面精化方法研究

局部大地水准面精化的实质是精确计算出大地水准面的起伏变化情况。一般情况下,需要密度足够的重力数据,依重力异常密集计算大地水准面差距或高程异常。但是在大陆西部高原山区重力点密度是不够的,无法达到大地水准面精化的目的。本文从理论上证实了用地形和岩石密度数据进行局部大地水准面精化的可行性。     

低渗透储层水平井—直井联合布井极限注采井距研究

低渗透储层水平井—直井联合布井技术具有广泛的应用前景,其布井方式至关重要。首先利用劈分流场的方法直观地给出常规储层水平井—直井联合布井的产能评价方法;然后针对低渗透储层的渗流特点,在考虑启动压力梯度条件下建立新的井网渗流物理模型并求解得到产能评价公式;最后经分析计算给出启动压力梯度影响的面积井网极限注采井距关系曲线。研究结果为低渗透储层部署水平井—直井联合井网提供理论依据。     

CHRIS／PROBA高光谱数据的预处理

针对CHRIS／PROBA高光谱遥感数据的特点,对CHRIS影像进行去条带处理、辐射校正、大气校正等预处理,获得较好质量的影像,为影像的进一步分析和实际应用提供保障。     

Transmission and reflection of Rayleigh waves at a thin low velocity vertical layer: A laboratory and theoretical study

A three-dimensional ultrasonic modelling was used to study the Rayleigh waves reflected from a thin low velocity vertical layer and those transmitted through the same zone. The reflection and transmission coefficients of the Rayleigh waves have been calculated by an approximate method based on the Green function technique. Nonrigid contact boundary conditions were used for the low velocity layer modelling. A rather good correspondence between the theoretical and experimental absolute values of the reflection and the transmission coefficients was obtained. Some discrepancies between experimental and theoretical results, in particular with regard to phase shifts, may be explained by a certain inadequacy of the theoretical model to the low velocity layer investigated by the ultrasonic modelling.