滇西地区地壳上地幔电性结构与地壳构造活动的关系

本文根据滇西地区18个大地电磁测深点资料的数据处理和分析结果,对测区深部导电率在纵、横向上的变化特征进行了研究。结果表明:滇西地区深部电性为多层结构,大致可分四至五个电性结构层;深部电性结构横向变化大,明显受区域构造控制;该区上部地壳内普遍存在低阻层;上地幔高导层明显存在两个隆起区,一个以剑川—鹤庆为中心呈北北西向展布的隆起区,另一个以腾冲—潞西为轴呈南北向展布的隆起区。 本文还讨论了地壳上地幔电性结构与大地构造的关系,滇西北裂陷区盆地的形成,以及该区地震活动与深部构造的关系     

西藏崩错8级地震地表破裂的变形特征及其破裂机制

1951年11月18日,西藏那曲崩错附近发生了一次8级地震,地表产生了长达约91公里的破裂带。本文总结了该破裂的几何、位移分布特征,讨论了破裂的形成机制和崩错地震的发震构造条件     

从《徐霞客游记》看明末南方的社会经济生活——纪念徐霞客逝世350周年

本文以《徐霞客游记》为依据,对明末南方的社会经济生活状况进行了初步归纳和分析,以揭示徐霞客对我国人文地理学的突出贡献。     

山西能源重化工基地建设研究

山西能源重化工基地建设关系到全国四个现代化的实现,被列为国家重点建设工程,制定了《山西能源重化工基地综合规划》。本文分析了80年代山西省经济建设的成就与问题。提出了“整体创新,综合开发”,把山西能源重化工基地建设成内陆经济开放区的战略大思路,为此,90年代应完成11项大型经济战略工程,同时展望了经济发展改革前景。     

The activities of comets related to their aging and origin

Two indices have been developed for the purpose of comparing the natures of various classes of comets. The first is the Activity Index (AI), measuring the inherent magnitude increase in brightness from great solar distances to maximum near perihelion. The second, or Volatility Index (VI), measures the variation in magnitude near perihelion. Tentative determinations of these two indices are derived from observations by Max Beyer over more than 30 years for long-period (L-P) and short-period (S-P) comets near perihelion and from other homogeneous sources. AI determinations are made for 32 long-period (L-P) comets and for 14 short-period (S-P). The range of values of AI is of the order of 3 to 10 magnitudes with a median about 6. An expected strong correlation with perihelion distance q, is found to vary as q ^–2.3. Residuals from a least-square solution (AI) are used for comparing comets of different orbital classes, the standard deviation of a single value of AI is only ±1^m.1 for L-P comets and ±1^m.2 for S-P comets.Among the L-P comets, 19 of period P larger than 10⁴ years yield AI = 0^m.27 ± 0^m.25 compared to 0^m.39 ± 0^m.26 for 13 of period between 10² years and 10⁴ years. This denies any fading with aging among the L-P comets. Also no systematic change with period occurs for the VI index, leading to the same conclusions. Weak correlations are found with the Gas/Dust ratio of comets. No correlations are found between the two indices, nor of either index with near-perihelion magnitudes or orbital inclination.The various data are consistent with a uniform origin for all types of comets, the nuclei being homogeneous on the large scale but quite diverse on a small scale (the order of a fraction of kilometer in extent). Small comets thus may sublimate away entirely, leaving no solid core, while huge comets may develop a less volatile core by radioactive heating and possibly become inactive like asteroids after many S-P revolutions about the Sun. When relatively new, huge comets may be quite active at great solar distances because of volatiles from the core that have refrozen in the outer layers.     

Review of resource analysis and related studies: Working group,Mathematical Geology,freie Universität Berlin

The working group Mathematical Geology of the Freie Universität Berlin was formed in 1971. We review quantitative methods used by the working group since 1983 to treat mineral exploration problems. The methods applied vary from elementary statistical analysis of multivariate exploration data to optimal strategies for selecting favorable targets, and from multiobjective decision-making for additional drill hole locations to expert systems in exploration.The methods applied are directly related to the level of information at each stage of the exploration process. Special emphasis was placed on the relationship between and evaluation of subjective and objective data. Case studies illustrating the various methods are presented for different kinds of mineral deposits and exploration environments.     

思林水电站通航建筑物高边坡稳定分析和评价

应用ANSYS结构分析软件,模拟了思林水电站通航建筑物高边坡的地形、地质条件以及开挖的过程,建立边坡开挖的有限元计算分析模型,分析边坡在自然状态、分级开挖以及锚杆支护加固等工况下的应力、变形及其整体稳定性.定义单元的局部安全系数,得到了边坡开挖加固后稳定安全系数的分布.根据计算成果,指出现设计加固措施可以保证边坡稳定,无需增加其他工程措施.     

外生铀矿成矿系统研究与古水动力分析

分析了砂岩型铀矿的国内外研究现状和发展趋势,尝试从成矿系统演化论的角度提出新的研究思路：即,以系统观为指导,以物质迁移的动力学为主线,从区域地质背景演化,特别是构造动力演化、岩相古地理等方面入手,恢复矿前期、成矿期、矿后期的区域古地形格局。运用融入了地下水流动系统理论的古水文地质分析方法,重建区域演化进程中各地质时期的古流场。着重从区域尺度上研究矿质的源-迁移-汇（成矿）-保存的动力学过程。     

煤炭资源勘查误差理论研究

对煤炭资源勘查资源量与客观物质量之间差值的误差理论探讨,提出误差由真值误差、系统误差和离差3个基本部分组成,其中真值误差是不可消除的观测误差、系统误差是控制网度所决定的准确度标准、而离差是由地质构造及矿床形态的多解性产生的资源量波动。在此基础上,构筑了一个关于误差的数学模型,最后应用误差理论对现行勘查工作中常见的错误进行分析,并就如何避免错误及减少误差提出了见解。     

汶川抗震救灾的基础地理信息综合应急服务

在5．12汶川特大地震抗震救灾中,国家测绘部门设计和组织实施了以数据成果服务、专用系统服务和专题制图服务为核心的基础地理信息综合应急服务。其是针对汶川震区地形特点和抗震救灾主体工作需求,快速整合和提供震区已有的基础测绘成果和最新遥感影像资料;快速搭建集震区海量数据集成管理为一体并具备3维影像浏览、对比分析等功能的专用地理信息系统,为灾情评估分析和重建规划研究提供地理空间数据集成展示和分析平台;应需地制作反映受灾范围、受灾程度、救灾响应、规划思路等的各类专题地图和地图集,有效地表达地震灾害的时空分布、重建规划布局等。