An experimental approach for selection/elimination in stream network generalization using support vector machines

Multi-representation databases (MRDB) are used in several Geographical Information System applications for different purposes. MRDB are mainly obtained through model and cartographic generalizations. The model generalization is essentially achieved with the selection/elimination process in which a decision must be made to include or exclude the object at the target level. In this study, support vector machines (SVM) was, for the first time, used for the selection/elimination process in stream network generalization. Within this context, the attributes to be used as input data in the SVM method were determined and weighted according to the associations determined in a chi-squared independence test. 1:100,000-scale (medium resolution) stream networks were derived from two 1:24,000-scale (high resolution) stream networks with different patterns in the United States Geological Survey National Hydrography Data-sets. The derived stream networks were quite similar to the 1:100,000-scale original stream networks in both qualitative and visual aspects.     

面向虚拟地球的矢量金字塔分布式存储研究

针对矢量数据在虚拟地球中的高效传输及实时可视化的需求,分析了矢量数据在虚拟地球中的组织方式及特点,设计了基于HBase的矢量金字塔分布式存储模型和一种基于MapReduce的矢量金字塔并行入库方法,使得海量矢量数据的入库可分配到各个子节点进行,大大缩短了入库时间.最后以GeoGlobe虚拟地球为基础平台,分别在单机和集群环境下对矢量金字塔的调度时间进行了实验.实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的可行性,有效提高了虚拟地球并发调度的效率.     

基于共面条件的点云配准旋转角参数求解方法

针对目前LiDAR获取的点云数据配准中ICP算法迭代计算效率较低和使用标靶配准时精扫标靶费时费力等问题,提出利用扫描地物所包含的平面特征及点云数据的离散特性,通过拟合平面得到平面的单位法向量进行旋转角的求解.由于点云数据中含有误差,使用拟合平面的法向量不仅避免了对标靶的精细扫描,而且也消弱了点云误差对转换参数的影响.最后通过实例验证了本文方法的可行性与严密性.     

基于小波变换的栅格地形图自动矢量化优化研究

利用现有的纸质地形图制作电子地形图,仍然是水电行业获取基础设计资料的重要手段。本文分析了如何通过调整扫描仪参数改善纸质地形图的扫描质量,以及利用小波变换进行图像去噪,利用阈值法进行图像分割,从而获得高质量的矢量化底图,提高自动矢量化的效率。     

一种采用改进K-d树的无人机影像特征匹配搜索方法

在高分辨率无人机影像匹配过程中,多采用SIFT或SURF算法进行尺度和旋转不变的特征提取与描述,但经过SIFT或SURF算法提取出的特征都是高维向量,在匹配点数量较大时,匹配搜索速度比较慢。针对这一问题,比较了穷尽搜索与K-d树搜索算法的特点;然后按照"降维"的思路,提出了一种采用改进K-d树的匹配搜索方法。经过理论分析和实验验证,该方法可以有效提高匹配搜索速度,并且匹配数据集规模越大、维度越高,搜索速度提升越明显。     

Parametric estimation of ship maneuvering motion with integral sample structure for identification

This documentation presents the parametric identification modeling of ship maneuvering motion with integral sample structure for identification (ISSI) and Euler sample structure for identification (ESSI) based on least square support vector machines (LS-SVM), where ISSI is used for the construction of in–out sample pairs. By using Mariner Class Vessel, the sample dataset are obtained from 15°/15° zigzag maneuvering simulation based on Abkowitz model. By analyzing the simulation data including rudder angle, surge velocity, sway velocity, yaw rate and so forth, the hydrodynamic derivatives in Abkowitz model are all identified. The validation of the proposed identification algorithm is verified by the high precisions of the identified hydrodynamic derivatives and maneuvering prediction results. The comparison is also conducted between the proposed ISSI and the conventional Euler sample structure for identification (ESSI), and the experimental results shows that ISSI is much more appropriate for parametric identification modeling of ship maneuvering motion.     

GIS网络分析中最短路径的实现

本文提出了一种基于矢量角度的最短路径搜索算法,设计出一种类似于面向对象的数据存储结构来存储网络图中的节点及弧段对象,在最短路径的搜索上引入矢量夹角标量值作为搜索因子,充分利用了网络图中各点元素和线元素间的拓扑关系,提高了搜索的趋势性,同时还考虑了各弧段的长度值(或权值),较好的将网络图中对象的空间信息和属性信息相结合。     

基于小波变换的矢量地理空间数据数字水印算法

基于矢量地理空间数据自身特点,运用小波变换技术,提出了一种基于小波变换的矢量地理空间数据数字水印算法.即对一系列的线、面坐标串分别进行离散小波分解,把水印信息分段嵌入到相应的小波分解后得到的低频系数中;再进行小波逆变换得到含水印信息的矢量地理空间数据.在水印信息提取过程中,解决了删点、投影变换等对水印信息提取的不利影响.实验分析表明,该算法在抗矢量地理空间数据处理中常见的噪声攻击、坐标数据轻微的移动等方面具有较好的效果.     

基于GPS矢量观测信息的姿态确定算法

用于GPS姿态确定的矢量化算法可等价于两级最优问题。第一级把GPS载波相位观测量转换为矢量观测量。第二级是Wahba问题,即从矢量观测量获得最佳姿态解。Wahba问题可用四元数法求解,如QUEST方法。本文采用基于小角度的迭代法求解Wahba问题。在均衡星座或均衡基线务件下,两级最优解亦是全局最优解。实验结果表明迭代解的精度与QUEST解相同。实验中也应用了改进的TRIAD算法以比较两级最优解。     

小样本地震信号识别研究

研究支持向量机方法在小样本地震信号识别方面的可行性,结果表明,随着样本量增加,该方法的识别率出现先升高再降低的现象。使用山东和江苏地区2006~2017年的地震数据进行实验,仅需每类30个训练样本即可达到85%左右的识别率。该方法识别率的提高不依赖于大量样本的加入,不仅适合于地震数据样本量少的地区开展地震信号识别研究,而且为精简样本库、降低运行成本提供了新思路。