北斗RDSS用户机测试系统指标监测校准方案设计

北斗卫星无线电测定业务(RDSS)用户机是我国北斗卫星导航试验系统的应用终端,测试系统可为用户机研制和使用提供可靠保障。鉴于RDSS体制的特殊性,测试系统的重要性能指标包括:用户机入站信号测量指标、用户机时延测量指标、以及用户机测试系统出站信号。为确保测试系统测试标准的统一,需要对测试系统的这些指标进行监测和校准。通过对普通用户机提出技术改进设计,为测试系统校准提供可行性方案,实现测试系统指标向标准测试仪器的溯源。     

GrADS绘图汉字显示的技术研究与实现

气象常用绘图软件GrADS中不能用汉字设置标题和题注,给国内的业务和科研工作带来不便。根据GrADS软件的特点,在其已有功能的基础上,对GrADS软件功能进行扩充,发展了一些关键技术,实现了GrADS汉字显示功能。其中,发展的关键技术包括:自定义汉字库创建、汉字库索引创建、中英文混合显示、快速查找自定义汉字库、解码自定义汉字库和汉字绘制。实现的汉字显示技术具有使用方便、速度快、可移植、可中英文混合显示等特点。     

Flexible management of fishing rights and a sustainable fisheries industry in Europe

Although overexploitation of commercial fish stocks in European waters has been in the public debate now for more than 20 years, the European Union has so far failed to implement sustainable fisheries management. Millions in subsidies paid to the fishing industry have led to significant excess capacity in the fishing fleet. Various feeble attempts to stop overexploitation of marine resources have failed. The cause is that fishing policy is highly dominated by short-term socioeconomic interests. There is an urgent need for a new fisheries management system in Europe that supports reductions in the fishing fleet, increases responsibility among fishers and guarantees long-term conservation of natural marine resources.Transferable rights to fish have proved a reliable and effective means of creating incentives to conserve marine resources. By strengthening individual fishing rights under flexible quota management systems, the EU Member States could, within the Common Fisheries Policy, make a significant contribution to conserving fish stocks, to reducing excess capacity and to raising the profitability of the fisheries industry. A closer look at existing reservations against a flexible management system shows most of the objections to be overstated or capable of resolution.     

基于Item2Vec负采样优化的专题地图产品个性化推荐方法研究

建立适用于专题地图产品检索的用户偏好推荐模型是提高专题地图质量的有效方式之一,在专题地图产品推荐场景中,存在严重的内容冷启动和评论数据稀疏问题,现有的推荐算法无法为特定类用户推荐不同特征的专题地图产品,导致用户从专题地图中获取偏好信息受到限制。因此,本文构建基于负采样的连续词袋模型和基于Word2Vec的Item2Vec相结合的用户偏好推荐方法,用于专题地图产品推荐。① 计算用户行为日志文件中交互行为数据的隐性评分,以代替专题地图推荐信息流场景中稀疏的用户评论数据;② 基于负采样的连续词袋模型提取目标专题地图的前后地图序列感知特征信息,通过控制正负样本比例为1:2,提升目标专题地图潜在评分的预测精度;③ 通过Item2Vec将带有用户行为特征信息的专题地图映射到向量空间,计算用户对专题地图的相似度矩阵,根据用户偏好程度完成推荐。在构建的专题地图评分实验数据集Thematic CMaps和4个公开验证数据集MovieLens上的测试结果表明:与LFM、Personal Rank、Content Based和SVD 4种传统推荐算法相比,本文所提方法可有效提高潜在评分的预测精度,推荐性能最高达到27.85%;与以霍夫曼采样方式的Item2Vec基础方法和YouTubeNet 2种神经网络推荐算法相比,评分预测精度有一定提高,且推荐性能不断提升,最高达到2.97%和5.78%。以经典算法奇异值分解（SVD）为例,将MovieLens-20M数据集切分后,在数据量不断增大的数据子集中,本文所用方法的评分预测精度和性能均优于SVD方法。     

基于浏览行为的网络地图用户兴趣模型研究

为准确表达用户兴趣,提升网络地图个性化服务效率,本文结合用户的操作行为与视觉行为,探讨了用户兴趣获取的原理与方法。结合Web日志与眼动数据的特点,提取网络地图的用户兴趣特征项,并利用熵权法对用户兴趣度进行估计。通过向量空间模型,构建网络地图用户兴趣模型,并开展验证实验对用户兴趣建模方法进行验证。     

无旋转倾角的NAV/CNAV型GEO广播星历拟合

目前北斗GEO的星历拟合算法和用户卫星位置算法均引进了人为设置的5°倾角旋转,此外,少数星历参数还有超限现象。取消GEO的旋转倾角和抑制参数超限能够统一北斗混合星座的用户算法。基于第一类无奇点根数,分析了无旋转倾角的GEO两步法星历参数拟合算法。讨论了GEO的参数超限原因,提出采用固定1至2个超限参数取值的缩减参数拟合法。北斗GEO卫星在非地影期和地影期的拟合试验表明,拟合成功率和拟合精度能够保证,拟合用户距离误差(URE)的平均值优于3mm;缩减参数拟合法能够抑制特定时段下的参数超限问题,但是拟合URE放大到2cm。     

Color map design for visualization in flood risk assessment

Visualizations of flood maps from simulation models are widely used for assessing the likelihood of flood hazards in spatial planning. The choice of a suitable type of visualization as well as efficient color maps is critical to avoid errors or bias when interpreting the data. Based on a review of previous flood uncertainty visualization techniques, this paper identifies areas of improvements and suggests criteria for the design of a task-specific color scale in flood map visualization. We contribute a novel color map design for visualizing probabilities and uncertainties from flood simulation ensembles. A user study encompassing 83 participants was carried out to evaluate the effects of this new color map on user’s decisions in a spatial planning task. We found that the type of visualization makes a difference when it comes to identification of non-hazardous sites in the flood risk map and when accepting risks in more uncertain areas. In comparison with two other existing visualization techniques, we observed that the new design was superior both in terms of task compliance and efficiency. In regions with uncertain flood statuses, users were biased toward accepting less risky locations with our new color map design.     

For your eyes only? Evaluating a coordinated and multiple views tool with a map,a parallel coordinated plot and a table using an eye-tracking approach

Geographic visualization tools with coordinated and multiple views (CMV) typically provide sets of visualization methods. Such configuration gives users the possibility of investigating data in various visual contexts; however, it can be confusing due to the multiplicity of visual components and interactive functions. We addressed this challenge and conducted an empirical study on how a CMV tool, consisting of a map, a parallel coordinate plot (PCP), and a table, is used to acquire information. We combined a task-based approach with eye-tracking and usability metrics since these methods provide comprehensive insights into users’ behaviour. Our empirical study revealed that the freedom to choose visualization components is appreciated by users. The individuals worked with all the available visualization methods and they often used more than one visualization method when executing tasks. Different views were used in different ways by various individuals, but in a similarly effective way. Even PCP, which is claimed to be problematic, was found to be a handy way of exploring data when accompanied by interactive functions.     

白令海峡治理的合作机制研究

近年来随着北极冰盖的融化,北极通航已成为可能,而白令海峡作为北极航道重要的出口/入口,其战略地位也将逐步显现并被各国关注。在讨论白令海峡的治理与合作时,首先要明确白令海峡是用于国际航行的海峡,而作为海峡沿岸国的美国和俄罗斯对于白令海峡的管控与合作将成为影响未来北极航行的重要因素。为同时保障海峡沿岸国与使用国的利益,可借鉴马六甲海峡的治理经验,在现有治理机制的基础上进一步深化海峡沿岸国与海峡使用国的合作机制。中国作为海峡使用国也有必要积极参与白令海峡的合作治理。     

An Engineering Application Tool for Visual Assessment of the Equilibrium Beach

An engineering application tool for prediction of the static equilibrium bay(Beach Mod)is established to describe two bay shape formulas by use of the programming software "MATLAB" with a graphic user interface(GUI).The tool is user-friendly for engineering students for the design of beach shapes.This tool was tested through application on three types of beaches in Taiwan and Australia.By implementing the concept of Headland Control,the Beach Mod program allows users to draw a structure and create an artificial headland.The results indicate that Beach Mod can efficiently forecast beach changes as well as MEPBAY,a competing software package,while boasting a better user interface.