褶皱相关断裂构造形成条件与发育机制:燕山中部露头尺度变形研究为例

总结了褶皱相关断裂发育机制的3个构造几何学模型:同心圆褶皱模型、膝折带褶皱模型和弯流褶皱模型。基于燕山中部中、新元古界地层中发育的5个露头尺度褶皱及其中、小型断裂构造的实例剖析,探讨了收缩变形过程中褶皱与断裂构造发育时序与褶皱相关断裂构造的产生机制。研究指出,规模与所在褶皱构造相当或略小的断裂构造当中,既有形成时间早于褶皱变形的断层,也有在褶皱变形过程中调节褶皱不同部位应变差异的褶皱相关断裂构造,而且卷入后期变形的早期断裂可能成为制约褶皱成核位置的影响因素,以及成为枢纽叠覆楔构造的形成方式之一。断层位移-距离曲线特征和断层与褶皱变形几何学、运动学关系分析,可用来判断断层、褶皱变形发生相对时序。认为影响褶皱相关断裂构造发育的机制主要有3种:(1)纵弯滑褶皱作用中,翼部顺层滑动受到限制而无法持续时,将通过断层向上切层的方式予以调节,从而形成翼部或转折端揳入逆冲断裂以及背离向斜和指向背斜逆冲断层;(2)各种因素导致的褶皱曲率变化是褶皱相关断裂产生的重要机制之一,褶皱曲率变化可由褶皱轴面的合并和新生直观反映,轴面合并引起褶皱曲率变化的层位,可能是诱发褶皱相关断裂,如背离向斜和指向背斜逆冲构造开始产生的重要部位;(3)能干性差异和强硬层之间距离较大的岩层组合发生纵弯褶皱变形时,软弱岩系在褶皱核部的聚集和逃逸,是迫使递进收缩的强硬层产生褶皱相关断裂构造的重要机制。     

面板局部屈曲的船体双层板架整体屈曲分析

首先应用von-Kurman大挠度薄板方程，对有初挠度的船体板进行后屈曲特性分析，以此为基础，导出屈曲后板的减缩有效宽度，进而用减综有效宽度作为双层板架中受压纵杵的带板宽度，将双层板架模型化为四边弹性转角约束的正交异性板，考虑横向剪切变形的影响，提出了一种求解双层板架临界应力的方法。     

Orogen-transverse tectonic window in the Eastern Himalayan fold belt: A superposed buckling model

The Eastern Lesser Himalayan fold-thrust belt is punctuated by a row of orogen-transverse domal tectonic windows. To evaluate their origin, a variety of thrust-stack models have been proposed, assuming that the crustal shortening occurred dominantly by brittle deformations. However, the Rangit Window (RW) in the Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya (DSH) shows unequivocal structural imprints of ductile deformations of multiple episodes. Based on new structural maps, coupled with outcrop-scale field observations, we recognize at least four major episodes of folding in the litho-tectonic units of DSH. The last episode has produced regionally orogen-transverse upright folds (F₄), the interference of which with the third-generation (F₃) orogen-parallel folds has shaped the large-scale structural patterns in DSH. We propose a new genetic model for the RW, invoking the mechanics of superposed buckling in the mechanically stratified litho-tectonic systems. We substantiate this superposed buckling model with results obtained from analogue experiments. The model explains contrasting F₃–F₄ interferences in the Lesser Himalayan Sequence (LHS). The lower-order (terrain-scale) folds have undergone superposed buckling in Mode 1, producing large-scale domes and basins, whereas the RW occurs as a relatively higher-order dome nested in the first-order Tista Dome. The Gondwana and the Proterozoic rocks within the RW underwent superposed buckling in Modes 3 and 4, leading to Type 2 fold interferences, as evident from their structural patterns.     

Global buckling of pipelines in the vertical plane with a soft seabed

Offshore pipelines are usually buried to avoid damage from fishing activities and to provide thermal insulation. Provided that the buried pipelines are sufficiently confined in the lateral direction by the passive resistance of the trench walls, they may be subject to vertical buckling caused by a rise in temperature. Vertical buckling is usually called upheaval buckling because the heated pipeline is assumed to move upwards conventionally. However, the seabed may be very soft, especially where a pockmark or abyssal ooze appears. Consequently, under thermal compressive force, the pipeline may buckle downward and penetrate into the seabed because the downward soil resistance is small. In this study, we extended an analytical solution for vertical pipeline buckling on a rigid seabed to a soft seabed, and the effects of soil resistance on pipeline stability, buckling mode and amplitude are illustrated and analyzed.     

黔西南灰家堡金矿田成矿构造特征研究

灰家堡矿田中水银洞等金矿床具有极高的矿石品位,成为卡林型金矿床特例.通过矿田构造与矿床地质研究,结合CSAMT深部探测,文章提出了灰家堡背斜为含金超压流体上拱形成的气液热隆褶曲,含金超压流体沿背斜轴部破裂带和盲断裂爆破上涌,交代上覆围岩形成高品位的层控型和断裂型金矿体的成矿模式,中二叠统与上二叠统之间岩溶不整合构造(构造蚀变体)作为深部含矿流体的中转聚集站,本身也赋存大规模的金矿体,据此提出了多方位的深部成矿预测方案.     

Effects of material variability on the ductility of composite beams and overstrength coefficients

The aim of this paper is to investigate the plastic rotation capacity of composite beams as well as the overstrength factors for composite joints considering the actual European steel production. It relies on the statistical data of the mechanical properties of steel profiles and reinforcement bars produced in several European steel mills that have been collected during the European research project OPUS. Several steel and composite structures have been designed following the EN 1998 rules, and the effect of the statistical distribution of the steel properties on the design has been analyzed. In such structures, the first attainment of the rotation capacity is expected to happen in the hogging region. The plastic rotation capacity was evaluated using the so‐called standard beam concept. The moment–rotation curve was constructed by joining together the pre‐buckling branch, determined using a fiber model, and the post‐buckling part derived by considering the local plastic failure mechanism as suggested by Gioncu. A program in MATLAB (MATLAB version 7.10.0. Natick, Massachusetts: The MathWorks Inc., 2010) was developed to establish such curve for arbitrary composite beams. The predictions of the model compare favorably against the experimental results. On the basis of the probabilistic model for the mechanical properties of steel, we derive the statistical distribution of the maximum rotation defined at the intersection of the pre‐buckling and post‐buckling curves. Next, we estimate the so‐called overstrength factors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

岩爆问题中块体速度探讨

对岩爆问题中块体的高速弹出机制进行探讨。从柔性加载和刚性加载角度定性地估算了飞出块体的速度;从受横向约束薄板的失稳角度对此进行机制解释,并对板的边界约束情况进行讨论;对失稳后块体能量进行分析,结果表明,此时块体速度可达10 m/s,而且岩体的抗拉强度同样影响块体速度大小     

罕遇地震下的屈曲约束支撑框架结构的动力响应研究

为分析支撑布置方式、刚度比、结构总层数等因素在罕遇地震下对屈曲约束支撑框架结构动力响应的影响,借助有限元分析软件SAP2000,分别对6层、12层、18层屈曲约束支撑框架结构模型进行了罕遇地震下的时程分析,详细研究了多高层结构体系的层间位移角、底层剪力、支撑内力等随支撑布置方式、刚度比、结构总层数等因素变化的规律。分析表明,倒V较单斜布置更能有效降低底层剪力、增大支撑轴力、降低层间位移角,从而降低结构的地震响应,更有利于结构消能减震;随着结构总层数的增大,支撑的屈服层数呈现出增多的趋势;刚度比七为2—4时,能使较多层数的屈曲约束支撑参与到消能减震的过程之中,较好地实现抗震设防目标。     

受火侵袭波纹腹板钢梁的侧向弯扭屈曲及其参数分析

基于ANSYS的有限元数值计算,考查了简支波纹腹板钢梁在火灾作用下的侧向弯扭屈曲。通过与平腹板钢梁的临界温度作比较,研究了波纹腹板钢梁分别在纯弯矩和集中载荷作用下的抗火性能,并分析了栽荷比、初始缺陷等因素对波纹腹板钢梁抗火性能的影响。分析表明,波纹腹板钢梁与平腹板钢梁在火灾作用下有相同的侧向弯扭屈曲性能。     

盐穴储油（气）库水溶造腔管柱动力特性初探

针对盐穴储气库单井水溶造腔过程中管柱动力特性开展了初步探讨,认为造腔工程中,管柱在受限空间的自激振动和动力失稳是导致管柱发生严重弯曲或者破损的主要原因。初步分析了无空间约束条件下内外管柱的振动特性,得到了理想条件下管柱临界流速的计算式。计算表明,无约束条件下造腔管柱一般会由于液-固耦联振动而发生动力失稳,而且造腔内管一般会先于造腔外管发生失稳破坏。鉴于问题的重要性和复杂性,还对造腔管柱临界流速全面计算力学模型应考虑的诸因素进行了探讨,初步分析了管道轴力、液体压力、造腔循环方式、管道水平支撑,以及轴向水击和管道横向振动耦合的影响,为进一步结合工程实际开展空间约束条件下造腔管柱动力特性全面分析提出了建议。