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151.
从油气勘探的角度论博格达山的隆升 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
应用构造运动学、沉积原型恢复、有效烃源岩评价及改造型盆地模拟等技术和方法,综合研究分析了博格达山地区及周缘烃源岩特征与生排烃高峰期、构造-沉积演化、博格达山的隆升及其对油气勘探的意义。分析认为,现今博格达山地区及周缘在晚二叠世沉积期属于深湖-半深湖亚相,发育两套好-中等级别烃源岩,即上二叠统芦草沟和红雁池组,生、排烃高峰期属于侏罗纪末期-新生代;现今博格达山地区在侏罗纪末期开始隆起,与烃源岩生、排烃高峰期相同。博格达山隆升期,博格达山地区周缘柴窝堡凹陷与米泉地区尽管接受博格达山地区的供油量较少,但自身烃源岩厚度大,生烃能力强,具有较大的资源潜力,仍然是有利的油气勘探地区。 相似文献
152.
Seismic performance evaluation of single damped‐outrigger system incorporating buckling‐restrained braces 下载免费PDF全文
The outrigger system is an effective means of controlling the seismic response of core‐tube type tall buildings by mobilizing the axial stiffness of the perimeter columns. This study investigates the damped‐outrigger, incorporating the buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) as energy dissipation device (BRB‐outrigger system). The building's seismic responses are expected to be effectively reduced because of the high BRB elastic stiffness during minor earthquakes and through the stable energy dissipation mechanism of the BRB during large earthquakes. The seismic behavior of the BRB‐outrigger system was investigated by performing a spectral analysis considering the equivalent damping to incorporate the effects of BRB inelastic deformation. Nonlinear response history analyses were performed to verify the spectral analysis results. The analytical models with building heights of 64, 128, and 256 m were utilized to investigate the optimal outrigger elevation and the relationships between the outrigger truss flexural stiffness, BRB axial stiffness, and perimeter column axial stiffness to achieve the minimum roof drift and acceleration responses. The method of determining the BRB yield deformation and its effect on overall seismic performance were also investigated. The study concludes with a design recommendation for the single BRB‐outrigger system. 相似文献
153.
The implementation of buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) for new reinforced concrete frame (RCF) constructions is limited. This study investigates the seismic forces and stability in the BRBs and gussets of a 2‐story full‐scale RCF specimen by using Abaqus models and a newly proposed stability evaluation method. The hybrid and cyclic loading test results are accurately predicted by the Abaqus analyses. Existing methods for computing the gusset interface forces for steel buildings from both the brace and the frame actions are compared with the Abaqus results. The applicability of these methods for the BRB‐RCF design is critically evaluated. It is confirmed that the Parallel‐2 method is suitable for estimating the BRB force demand imposed on the corner gusset and the generalized uniform force method is good for the corner gusset at the base. In addition, existing stability evaluation methods for BRBs and gussets are applied to investigate the out‐of‐plane (OOP) buckling of the first‐story BRB observed at the end of tests. The proposed stability model incorporates the BRB restrainer's flexural effects and 4 rotational springs in assessing the BRB's buckling. This model confirms that the BRB and the gusset's OOP buckling limit states could be coupled and must be evaluated together. By incorporating the flexural effects of the steel casing and the infilled grout, the proposed model satisfactorily predicts the OOP buckling of the first‐story BRB and gussets. These research results can be used for the implementation of BRBs in new RC frame constructions. 相似文献
154.
The reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall serves as one of the most important components sustaining lateral seismic forces. Although they allow advanced seismic performance to be achieved, RC shear walls are rather difficult to repair once the physical plastic hinge at the bottom part has been formed. To overcome this, a damage‐controllable plastic hinge with a large energy dissipation capacity is developed herein, in which the sectional forces are decoupled and sustained separately by different components. The components sustaining the axial and the shear forces all remain elastic even under a rarely occurred earthquake, while the bending components yield and dissipate seismic energy during a design‐level earthquake. This design makes the behavior of the system more predictable and thus more easily customizable to different performance demands. Moreover, the energy dissipation components can be conveniently replaced to fully restore the occupancy function of a building. To examine the seismic behavior of the newly developed component, 3 one third‐scale specimens were tested quasi‐statically, including 1 RC wall complying with the current design codes of China and 2 installed with the damage‐controllable plastic hinges. Each wall was designed to have the same strength. The experimental results demonstrated that the plastic‐hinge‐supported walls had a better energy dissipation capacity and damage controllability than the RC specimen. Both achieved drift ratios greater than 3% under a steadily increasing lateral force. 相似文献
155.
Ahmer Ali Raffaele De Risi Anastasios Sextos Katsuichiro Goda Zhiwang Chang 《地震工程与结构动力学》2020,49(1):24-50
The increasing number of wind turbines in active tectonic regions has attracted scientific interest to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of offshore wind turbines (OWTs). This study aims at assessing the deformation and collapse susceptibility of 2MW and 5MW OWTs subjected to shallow-crustal pulse-like ground motions, which has not been particularly addressed to date. A cloud-based fragility assessment is performed to quantify the seismic response for a given intensity measure and to assess the failure probabilities for pulse-like and non-pulse-like ground motions. The first-mode spectral acceleration Sa(T1) is found to be an efficient response predictor for OWTs, exhibiting prominent higher-mode behavior, at the serviceability and ultimate conditions. Regardless of earthquake type, it is shown that records with strong vertical components may induce nonlinearity in the supporting tower, leading to potential failure by buckling in three different patterns: (i) at tower base near platform level, (ii) close to tower top, and (iii) between the upper half of the main tower and its top. Type and extent of the damage are related to the coupled excitation of vertical and lateral higher modes, for which tower top acceleration response spectra Sa,i(Top) is an effective identifier. It is also observed that tower's slenderness ratio (l/d), the diameter-to-thickness ratio (d/t), and the rotor-nacelle-assembly mass (mRNA) are precursors for evaluating the damage mode and vulnerability of OWTs under both pulse-like and non-pulse-like ground motion records. 相似文献
156.
A novel type of angle steel buckling‐restrained brace (ABRB) has been developed for easier control on initial geometric imperfection in the core, more design flexibility in the buckling restraining mechanism and easier assembly work. The steel core is composed of four angle steels to form a non‐welded cruciform shape restrained by two external angle steels, which are welded longitudinally to form an external tube. Component test was conducted on seven ABRB specimens under uniaxial quasi‐static cyclic loading. The test results reveal that the consistency between the actual and design behavior of ABRB can be well achieved without the effect of weld in the core. The ABRBs with proper details exhibited stable cyclic behavior and satisfactory cumulative plastic ductility capacity, so that they can serve as effective hysteretic dampers. However, compression–flexure failure at the steel core projection was found to be the primary failure mode for the ABRBs with hinge connections even though the cross‐section of the core projection was reinforced two times that of the yielding segment. The failure mechanism is further discussed by investigating the Nu– Mu correlation curve. It is found that the bending moment response developed in the core projection induced by end rotation was the main cause for such a failure mode, and it is suggested that core projection should be kept within elastic stage under the possible maximum axial load and bending moment response. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
157.
The buckling of submarine pipelines may occur due to the action of axial soil frictional force caused by relative movement of soil and pipeline, which is induced by the thermal and internal pressure. The likelihood of occurrence of this buckling phenomenon is largely determined by soil resistance. A series of large-scale model tests were carried out to facilitate the establishment of substantial data base for a variety of burial pipeline relationships. Based on the test data, nonlinear soil spring can be adopted to simulate the soil behavior during the pipeline movement. For uplift resistance, an ideal elasticity plasticity model is recommended in the case of H/D (depth-to-diameter ratio)>5 and an elasticity softened model is recommended in the case of H/D≤5. The soil resistance along the pipeline axial direction can be simulated by an ideal elasticity plasticity model. The numerical analyzing results show that the capacity of pipeline against thermal buckling decreases with its initial imperfection enlargement and increases with the burial depth enhancement. 相似文献
158.
地下采掘环境效应的一个特殊实例——韩城电厂地基隆起机制及其控制措施 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
韩城电厂地基隆起变形 ,自 2 0世纪 80年代初发现以来 ,迄今已有近 2 0a的持续变形史 ,前后实施过两次工程整治。首次整治基于该变形为一滑坡的前缘隆起 ,采取了抗滑桩、削方减载等措施。但整治后多年监测资料表明 ,变形并未终止 ,且两度上隆速率剧增为整治前的两倍。 1995— 1996年实施了以排水为先导的应急整治 ,在此期间 ,进行了地质勘察、相似材料模型模拟、离散元数值模拟等多项研究工作 ,从而对变形机制获取如下新认识 :大面积采空区直接顶板坍落后 ,坍落带上覆砂泥岩层就成为一个承受巨大上覆荷载的复合板梁 ,板梁的下陷弯曲变形伴有向山前方向发展的砂泥岩层之间的层间错动、离层和岩体扩容 ,从而产生了对厂区下伏基岩的侧推效应 ,侧推力使厂房地基下伏近水平砂泥岩层产生向上弯曲隆起的蠕动变形。显然 ,这是地下采掘引起的表生时效变形。一些人为因素引起的孔隙水压力升高 ,加剧了变形。采取排水措施后已将变形速率降至低于历史最低且建筑能够承受的水平。 相似文献
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