重复点要素快速检查与消除方法

提出了一种快速实现土地利用现状图中重复点要素检查与消除的方法。首先将点层划分成若干个覆盖整个区域的一定尺寸的规格格网,对每个规格格网内的点要素采用传统顺序去重的方式进行重点消除。最后在AutoCAD平台上,使用ObjectARX开发工具,实现相应功能算法模型的设计,并验证了这一方法的可行性及有效性。     

鄂尔多斯块体东北缘垂直形变速率等值线精度评定

为进一步分析并评定基于三角网提取的鄂尔多斯块体东北缘垂直形变速率等值线的精度,本文结合基于格网提取的同区域垂直形变速率等值线,分别从数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,简称DEM)建立与等值线提取两个角度对研究成果的精度进行对比分析,进而综合两个角度对两种方法提取的垂直形变速率等值线精度进行了差值比较。结果表明,在等值线基值与等值距都相同的条件下,研究区域垂直形变三角网的平均坡度较大,利用三角网提取的垂直形变速率等值线其精度相对较高。     

不同全球天顶对流层延迟模型时空特征分析

对流层延迟误差与信号频率无关,且具有较强的随机性,是GNSS导航定位中的主要误差源之一。以GGOS Atmosphere发布的格网数据作为真值,从纬度、高程及时间特性3个方面分析了两种全球天顶对流层延迟ZTD(Zenith Total Delay)模型(UNB模型和EGNOS模型)的时空特征,为GNSS导航定位中模型选择的正确性与合理性提供参考依据。分析得出:在纬度方向,ZTD值的RMSE和Bias从南到北呈现递减趋势且逐渐趋于稳定,建议计算ZTD时在南半球通过格网插值,北半球采用UNB模型;在高程方向,ZTD值与高程值呈现出反比关系,EGNOS的残差值较UNB残差值分布更加均匀且规律性较强,可利用高程值进行建模修正;在时间特征方面,ZTD单天内变化较小,两模型互差在mm级且表现出一定的季节性特征。     

A virtual globe-based vector data model: quaternary quadrangle vector tile model

This study proposes a virtual globe-based vector data model named the quaternary quadrangle vector tile model (QQVTM) in order to better manage, visualize, and analyze massive amounts of global multi-scale vector data. The model integrates the quaternary quadrangle mesh (a discrete global grid system) and global image, terrain, and vector data. A QQVTM-based organization method is presented to organize global multi-scale vector data, including linear and polygonal vector data. In addition, tile-based reconstruction algorithms are designed to search and stitch the vector fragments scattered in tiles to reconstruct and store the entire vector geometries to support vector query and 3D analysis of global datasets. These organized vector data are in turn visualized and queried using a geometry-based approach. Our experimental results demonstrate that the QQVTM can satisfy the requirements for global vector data organization, visualization, and querying. Moreover, the QQVTM performs better than unorganized 2D vectors regarding rendering efficiency and better than the latitude–longitude-based approach regarding data redundancy.     

套网格预报中几种边界条件的试验

采用国家气象中心五层原始方程业务模式，用单向自嵌套方法，对常用的几种侧边界条件进行了对比试验。结果表明：加密网络可以改善预报效果，在试验的几种边界处理方案中，以Ｄａｖｉｅｓ方案的效果最好，不需要采用其他技术处理，就能使边界附近不产生扰动，分析的等值线光滑，计算稳定性好，可以使业务预报更加可靠，效果更加理想。     

The stability of osumilite in metapelitic granulites

Abstract A petrogenetic grid and related diagrams derived from KFMASH-system experiments demonstrate that osumilite is stable in relatively magnesian bulk rock compositions ( X _Mg > 0.6) at temperatures in excess of 875° C and pressures less than 11 kbar. The experiments, involving the dehydration melting of biotite in synthetic metapelites, were conducted in the range 850–1000° C. Both the mineral assemblages and phase compositions reported from well-documented natural examples of osumilite-bearing rocks are reproduced by the experiments at P-T conditions similar to those previously estimated for these occurrences. Peak metamorphic P-T conditions can be reliably inferred from distinctive osumilite-bearing assemblages identified in the phase diagrams, thereby avoiding the problems of diffusional re-equilibration that often prohibits conventional geothermobarometry from recovering peak conditions. Integration of the experimental data with recent independent experiments, after correcting the latter for an underestimated friction correction, allows extension of the petrogenetic grid to higher temperatures. The extended grid is applied to assess and refine the metamorphic history of the Napier Complex, East Antarctica: the high- P stability limit for osumilite in the Napier Complex is 9–10 kbar, the prograde P-T-t path is not necessarily anticlockwise and isobaric cooling in the Scott and Tula mountains occurred, respectively, at pressures greater and less than reactions in the range 8–9 kbar. The stability range for osumilite predicted by the KFMASH-system petrogenetic grid overlaps many more metamorphic terranes than osumilite is found in. Whilst osumilite is not distinctive in thin section and is prone to retrogression, it is possible that carbon dioxide present in the natural system stabilizes cordierite at the expense of osumilite.     

SPOT卫星影象严密数字几何校正的直接法

由于SPOT卫星影象的行中心投影成象方式和外方位元素时序变化特点,在实施严密数字几何校正的过程中,直接法的应用显示了很大的优越性。为此,本文提出了应用直接法的原理和方法,指出了技术关键和确保锚点坐标解算精度和可靠性的方法。由于直接法可较精确地确定锚点所在行的外方位元素,不需要迭代计算,因而不仅计算速度快,而且从实验结果包括锚点坐标计算精度,锚点网格内插精度估计和几何校正结果之正射影象精度的分析都表明直接法优于间接法,证实了所提出的原理方法的合理性和正确性。     

Comparison and Modification: TVD Schemes for Scalar Transport on An Unstructured Grid

In most TVD schemes, the r-factors were proposed according to the cell-centered (CC) finite volume method (FVM) framework for the numerical approximation to the convective term. However, it is questionable whether those r-factors would be appropriate and effective for the vertex-centered (VC) FVM. In the paper, we collected five kinds of r-factor formulae and found out that only three of those, respectively by Bruner (1996), Darwish and Moukalled (2003) and Cassuli and Zanolli (2005) can be formally extended to a context of the VC FVM. Numerical tests indicate that the TVD schemes and r-factors, after being extended and introduced to a context of the VC FVM, maintained their similar characteristics as in a context of the CC FVM. However, when the gradient-based r-factors and the SUPERBEE scheme were applied simultaneously, non-physical oscillations near the sharp step would appear. In the transient case, the oscillations were weaker in a context of the VC FVM than those in a context of the CC FVM, while the effect was reversed in the steady case. To eliminate disadvantages in the gradient-based r-factor formula, a new modification method by limiting values on the virtual node, namely in the paper, was validated by the tests to effectively dissipate spurious oscillations.     

Implementation of CMA-GFS 3D-Var System on the Yin-Yang Grid

The global three-dimensional variational (3D-Var) data assimilation is implemented on a new quasi-uniform overset (Yin-Yang) grid on sphere. As a quasi-uniform spherical grid, it covers the sphere by overlapping two perpendicularly oriented grid components which is nothing but low latitude region of the usual latitude-longitude grid. Based on this characteristic of the Yin-Yang grid, it enables us to implement the regional 3D-Var system efficiently and accurately on the Yin or Yang component grid, respectively. The global analysis could update directly from the regional analysis since they have the same configurations like the precondition of eigenvalue decomposition for vertical direction, recursive filtering for horizontal direction, minimization method and observation operator and so on. However, the balance equation and vector wind are needed to be paid more attention on the Yin grid analysis due to its coordinate transformation. How to spread the observation information near the boundary of Yin and Yang grid is a key to the 3D- Var analysis. Extending double the horizontal correlation length distance in the overset boundary of Yin and Yang grid has successfully solved the problem. The results show that the analysis on the Yin-Yang grid is reasonable and similar to the result on the latitude-longitude (LAT-LON) grid. This paper provides a promising strategy for the development of a 3D-Var global system for overset grids.     

基于守恒重映射的全球非结构网格模式同化及预报初步应用

全球大气模式在发展过程中不断获得改进,并逐渐采用非结构计算网格,如以球面重心Voronoi网格为特点的MPAS-A模式。为改进MPAS-A模式初值,相关的资料同化研究同步在积极开展。本文为实现利用变分方法快速同化多源观测资料的需求,以美国NCEP业务上使用的GSI系统作为同化模块,基于守恒重映射方法进行非结构与结构化球面网格转换,构建了GSI-MPAS同化及预报框架,并进行了网格转换测试和同化预报试验。网格转换检验测试表明,模式物理量的转换误差与其分布特征密切相关,二阶精度守恒重映射转换结果优于一阶精度转换结果。连续一周的滚动循环同化及预报试验表明,基于守恒重映射方法的GSI-MPAS同化及预报框架能够有效同化多源观测资料,改善了初值场的质量并使得MPAS-A预报得到的各个变量更加准确,且对降水预报具有正面效果。进一步分析表明,由于在北半球同化了更多观测资料,所以北半球地区的改进明显优于南半球及赤道地区。