Non-equilibrium flocculation characteristics of fine-grained sediments in grid-generated turbulent flow

Results are presented from a series of settling column experiments investigating temporal variations in the flocculation characteristics of purely cohesive (kaolin clay) sediment suspensions and cohesive (kaolin) and non-cohesive (fine sand) sediment fraction mixtures. Experimental runs were conducted under controlled hydrodynamic conditions generated by a rigid array of in-phase oscillating grids. The results indicated that rapid initial floc aggregation occurred under low turbulent shear rates, with peak maximal and root-mean-square (r.m.s.) floc sizes (∼ 400 μm and ∼ 200 μm, respectively) attained after relatively short time periods, before reducing with time. By contrast, lower aggregation rates and smaller floc sizes were observed under higher shear conditions, with flocs retaining suspended in the settling column for longer time scales due to the increased turbulence. The mud input concentration displayed some correlation with maximal and r.m.s. floc sizes at higher shear rates but no correlation was apparent at low shear rates. This observed floc behaviour may be attributed to the differences in concentration gradients at high and low shear rates that affect both floc settling rate and time required for flocs to attain equilibrium size. The addition of the fine sand fraction to the kaolin clay suspension reduced both the initial floc formation (i.e. aggregation) rate and the maximal and r.m.s. floc sizes attained throughout the experiments. The reduction in maximal floc sizes appeared to be enhanced by an increase in the ratio of fine sand to kaolin clay content within the mixture.     

自适应非线性有限元的多重网格法求解及应用

描述了非线性自适应有限元的多重网格法求解过程。 通过算例说明了方法的有效性以及自适应多重网格有限元用于开挖施工过程模拟分析的优越性。     

Kelvin-Voigt黏弹性介质井孔声场有限差分数值模拟与波形特征

岩石介质具有黏滞性,黏弹性介质模型相对于弹性介质模型更为接近岩石介质的真实情况。根据Kelvin-Voigt黏弹性单元体模型本构关系,推导了柱坐标系下各向同性黏弹性介质时间域交错网格有限差分方程,进行了黏弹性介质井孔声场的数值模拟。模拟结果表明：品质因子和声源中心频率对黏弹性介质中的井内外声场均有影响：井外声场和井内声场的衰减均随品质因子的增大而减小,井外声波和井内反射波振幅随之增大;井外声场的衰减随声源中心频率的增大而减小,井外声波振幅随之增大,井内声场的衰减随声源中心频率的增大而增大,井内反射波振幅随之减小。     

层状地基中空沟对交通荷载的竖向隔振分析

空沟是一种常用的连续隔振屏障,可以有效地降低人工振动。以位移为变量的二维格子法在波动问题计算中具有良好的适应性、高效性,兼备有限元与差分法的一些优点,应用该法针对层状地基中作用于路堤上的交通荷载引起振动的空沟竖向隔振问题进行了参数研究,分别考虑了上软下硬地基和上硬下软地基两种情况。研究结果表明：空沟宽度对隔振效果的影响较小;空沟深度与空沟的位置是影响隔振效果的关键因素,它们相互关联,其取值应综合考虑;在上述两类层状地基中,若空沟深度与上层土的厚度接近或相等均对竖向隔振不利;路堤高度越大对竖向隔振效果越不利。     

基于大炮初至的近地表层析反演方法研究及应用

详细研究了射线追踪、层析反演方法原理以及层析反演数值求解算法,提出了利用大炮初至直接建立初始地震模型,由小折射和微测井进行约束的层析反演近地表速度模型的处理流程,提出了基于多次回溯的高精度快速射线追踪算法和层析反演数值求解算法。采用双重网格技术提高正演模拟计算精度和层析反演的成像质量,另外,充分考虑多种质量控制方案,确保最终的反演速度模型精确。设计了10种不同地表地质条件的理论模型,进行模型试算,并在实际生产中应用,理论模型试算和实际资料反演结果证明了本文方法的正确性。     

东北地区地质空间信息网格结点建设

利用空间信息网格技术,建立面向社会公众服务的地质空间信息共享与应用服务体系,实现东北地学数据的一体化空间数据资源组织、海量空间信息共享、高性能的协同分析处理、跨地域的空间数据服务与处理服务集成,为地质调查提供广泛有效的无障碍应用,实现多元主体形成的分布式基础数据真正共享.     

生态地理建模中的多尺度问题

本文在分析生态地理建模内涵的基础上,讨论了生态地理建模中的尺度转换问题、跨尺度相互作用问题、空间尺度与时间尺度的关联问题和多尺度数据处理问题.由于生态地理问题的非线性、生态环境的异质性和随机事件,简单的线性尺度转换方法远不能满足生态地理建模的要求.为了从根本上解决生态地理建模中的时空尺度问题,除需要运用微分几何学和等级理论等经典方法外,还需要引入格点生成法和网格计算等现代理论和技术手段.     

The interpretation of reaction textures in Fe‐rich metapelitic granulites of the Musgrave Block,central Australia: constraints from mineral equilibria calculations in the system K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–Fe2O3

Fe‐rich metapelitic granulites of the Musgrave Block, central Australia, contain several symplectic and coronal reaction textures that post‐date a peak S2 metamorphic assemblage involving garnet, sillimanite, spinel, ilmenite, K‐feldspar and quartz. The earliest reaction textures involve spinel‐ and quartz‐bearing symplectites that enclose garnet and to a lesser extent sillimanite. The symplectic spinel and quartz are in places separated by later garnet and/or sillimanite coronas. The metamorphic effects of a later, D3, event are restricted to zones of moderate to high strain where a metamorphic assemblage of garnet, sillimanite, K‐feldspar, magnetite, ilmenite, quartz and biotite is preserved. Quantitative mineral equilibria calculations in the system K₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O–TiO₂–Fe₂O₃ (KFMASHTO) using Thermocalc 3.0 and the accompanying internally consistent dataset provide important constraints on the influence of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ on biotite‐bearing and spinel‐bearing equilibria, respectively. Biotite‐bearing equilibria are shifted to higher temperatures and spinel‐bearing equilibria to higher pressures and lower temperatures in comparison to the equivalent equilibria in K₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O (KFMASH). The sequence of reaction textures involving spinel is consistent with a D2 P–T path that involved a small amount of decompression followed predominantly by cooling within a single mineral assemblage stability field. Thus, the reaction textures reflect changes in modal proportions within an equilibrium assemblage rather than the crossing of a univariant reaction. The D3 metamorphic assemblage is consistent with lower temperatures than those inferred for D2.     

羌塘坳陷石油地质走廊剖面重磁异常处理模拟及地质解释

利用“重磁视深度滤波”方法对羌塘石油地质走廊南、北两条剖面上的实测重磁数据进行处理解释,提取两条剖面位场异常中含有的地质-地球物理断面的初始特征,然后使用最新的“重磁模拟解释系统（GM-SYS）”,以初始特征为模拟初值,以地震、地电和地质资料为约束,进行重磁剖面模拟反演,获得了羌塘盆地南、北两条剖面精细的地质结构解释断面图和栅状图。结合剖面域内的其它资料对走廊域内几个重要地质问题进行了初步的分析和解释,对羌塘盆地石油地质走廊域内的地层、基底、断裂及火山岩分布有了进一步的认识,为整个羌塘盆地区域地质解释及油气远景评价提供了新的解释依据。     

利用ASP+IIS在Internet上动态生成雨量等值线的应用

本文详细阐述了采用矩形网格法绘制雨量等值线的原理、方法和步骤.提出了利用ASP+IIS直接在Internet上动态生成雨量等值线的功能实现和应用,为同行,特别是基层水文职工了解、掌握绘制雨量等值线的方法,有一定的参考价值.