Subsidence history and forming mechanism of anomalous tectonic subsidence in the Bozhong depression, Bohaiwan basin

The Bozhong depression of the Bohaiwan basin belongs to a family of extensional basins in East China, but is quite different from other parts of the basin. The Cenozoic subsidence of the depression is controlled by a combination of lithospheric thinning and polycyclic strike-slip movements. Three episodic rifts have been identified, i.e. Paleocence-early Eocene, middle-late Eocene and Oligocene age. The depression underwent syn-rift and post-rift stages, but two episodic dextral movement events of the strike-slip faults modify the subsidence of the Bozhong depression since the Oligocene. The early dextral movement of the Tan-Lu fault associated with crustal extension resulted in accelerated subsidence during the time of deposition of the Dongying Formation with a maximum thickness of 4000 m. A late reactivation of dextral movement of the Tan-Lu fault began in late Miocene (about 12 Ma), which resulted in the intense subsidence of Minghuazhen Formation and Quaternary. In addition, dynamic mantle convection-driven topography also accelerated the post-rift anomalous subsidence since the Miocene (24.6 Ma). Our results indicate that the primary control on rapid subsidence both during the rift and post-rift stages in the Bozhong depression originates from a combination of multiple episodic crustal extension and polycyclic dextral movements of strike-slip faults, and dynamic topography.     

地形引起的雷达辐射畸变及其校正

合成孔径雷达影像由于其侧视特点 ,存在着严重的地形引起的几何畸变及辐射畸变。辐射畸变不仅对 SAR辐射标定造成困难 ,而且严重影响了影像分类、土壤湿度信息提取、森林蓄积量信息提取等应用。本文将辐射畸变归结为面积效应和局部入射角效应 ,推导了散射面积归一化因子 ,以消除辐射畸变的面积效应。提出了一种以局部入射角的线性函数表达的后向散射模型 ,在此基础上 ,给出了消除局部入射角效应的校正函数。最后 ,以RADARSAT SAR影像进行地形辐射畸变校正的试验与分析     

非定常不稳定液固两相流动中旋涡对颗粒运动影响的数值研究

构建起双向耦合的液固两相流动旋涡动力学模型与数值方法;应用离散涡方法,计算非定常不稳定水流场;采用Lagrange方法模拟颗粒运动,颗粒对流体的反作用通过修正涡泡运动速度来实现。利用所建模型,计算了两种St数的泥沙粒子在圆柱绕流场中的运动。结果证明了液固两相流动中颗粒运动与旋涡存在着明确的相关结构:(1)当水沙混合物中的泥沙颗粒碰上旋涡时,泥沙颗粒被卷入旋涡中,被卷入旋涡中的泥沙颗粒在运动过程中始终分布于旋涡区;(2)均匀水沙混合物绕圆柱流动,由于流体流过圆柱时产生剧烈分离流动,使得在尾迹流内中等St数 (St～o (1))的泥沙颗粒从均匀水沙混合物中分离出来而往旋涡区聚集。     

略论珠穆朗玛峰重力值的推估

仅根据邻近点的重力与高程资料,采用了4种有关公式,有效地推估了珠穆朗玛峰顶上的重力值,该值为(976 970±7)×10-5m     

Scattering of seismic waves by cracks in multi-layered geological regions: II. Numerical results

The mechanical model for plane strain, time-harmonic seismic wave propagation problems in cracked, multi-layered geological regions with surface topography and non-parallel interfaces was described in the first part of this work. Here, this model is used to investigate the response of such a region to the presence of traveling elastic waves generated by a seismic source. The computational methodology that was developed in the first part is based on a combination of both the regular (displacement-based) and the hypersingular (traction-based) Boundary Integral Equation Method (BIEM). First, the accuracy and convergence characteristics of this hybrid BIEM are studied. Then, a series of problems involving four different configurations of a reference geological deposit with both interface and internal cracks are solved, for a loading that is due to a seismically-induced pressure wave propagating upwards from the underlying rigid half-plane. The purpose of the numerical study is to investigate the influence of various key parameters of the problem, such as frequency and incidence angle of the incoming wave, size of the surface relief, location and size of the buried cracks, interaction effects between cracks and finally the presence of layers, on both the scattered displacement field and the stress concentration field.     

穿越雷州半岛时地形对热带气旋特性的影响

通过对1949～1993年共计29个穿越雷州半岛台风及热带风暴特性变化进行的分析，得出:台风及热带风暴强度（Vmax）一般在登陆前6小时开始明显减弱；台风过岛后强度平均下降24%，热带风暴强度平均下降33%。热带风暴8级大风圈范围的缩小亦较台风为大；半岛对台风和热带风暴移向的影响，台风受影响较早；不论对台风或热带风暴，穿岛前、后均未出现路径明显南折现象。     

The effect of local irregular topography on seismic ground motion

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区域重力地改“测点高程平移法”精度探讨

在讨论测点高程平移法区域重力地改的精度问题基础上，提出了系统差概念，并推荐一种新的计算方法，即把测点高程平移法和节点高程插值法有机地结合起来实现地改，通过理论模型和实例计算，表明该方法计算精度优于节点高程插值法和测点高程平移法。     

埋藏基岩地形对地震波动影响的模拟研究

本文以超声地震模型试验为基础,着重从地震波的强度方面来阐明埋藏基岩地形对地震波动的影响,提出了利用振动能量分析地震动问题的重要性,理论分析及实验结果表明,埋藏基岩地形对地震波动的影响表现为:一方面基岩面凹凸不平,致使基岩面上不同部位接收能量大小不同;另一方面,基岩的凹凸面对地震波产生汇聚与发散作用,这两方面共同作用的结果使得地表不同地点表现出不同的地震动强度。     

Inherent relationship of the USLE,RUSLE topographic factor algorithms and its impact on soil erosion modelling

ABSTRACT

The accurate representation of the Earth’s surface plays a vital role in soil erosion modelling. Topography is parameterized in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Revised USLE (RUSLE) by the topographic (LS) factor. For slope gradients of < 20%, soil loss values are similar for both models, but when the gradient is increased, RUSLE estimates are only half of those of USLE. The study aims to assess the validity of this statement for complex hillslope profiles. To that end, both models were applied at eight diverse mountainous sub-watersheds. The USLE and RUSLE indices were estimated utilizing the SEAGIS model and a European dataset, respectively. LS factors were in a 3:1 ratio (i.e. USLE:RUSLE) considering the entire basin area. For areas with slopes <20%, gross erosion estimates of both models converged. Sites of strong relief (>20%) USLE yielded significantly higher values than RUSLE.