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目的:探讨64层螺旋CT血管造影评估冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性收集2009年6月至9月62例冠心病患者,根据临床表现分为二组:急性冠脉综合征组和稳定型心绞痛组。经64层螺旋CT血管造影诊断,选择由动脉粥样硬化斑块引起的冠状动脉狭窄≥50%的血管100个节段共100个斑块,通过在轴位、曲面重建、最大密度投影、三维最大密度投影3D-MIP、容积再现5种图像上鉴别不同类型斑块,并测量斑块的CT值。结果:100个粥样斑块以Schroeder的两种评估斑块CT值方法作标准,两种标准的3种斑块分型例数高度一致,同一性100%;在急性冠脉综合征组中非钙化斑块的检出率明显高于稳定型心绞痛组,而稳定型心绞痛组钙化斑块检出率明显高于急性冠脉综合征组,两组在统计学上有显著差别(P0.01)。结论:64层螺旋CT可依据斑块的CT值不同判断斑块的性质,可以早期检测不稳定斑块,非钙化斑块与冠心病危险性具有明显的正相关性。 相似文献
184.
Using two-dimensional dynamic models of the Northern Izu–Bonin (NIB) subduction zone, we show that a particular localized low-viscosity (ηLV = 3.3 × 1019 − 4.0 × 1020 Pa s), low-density (Δρ ∼ −10 kg/m3 relative to ambient mantle) geometry within the wedge is required to match surface observations of topography, gravity, and geoid anomalies. The hydration structure resulting in this low-viscosity, low-density geometry develops due to fluid release into the wedge within a depth interval from 150 to 350 km and is consistent with results from coupled geochemical and geodynamic modeling of the NIB subduction system and from previous uncoupled models of the wedge beneath the Japan arcs. The source of the fluids can be either subducting lithospheric serpentinite or stable hydrous phases in the wedge such as serpentine or chlorite. On the basis of this modeling, predictions can be made as to the specific low-viscosity geometries associated with geophysical surface observables for other subduction zones based on regional subduction parameters such as subducting slab age. 相似文献
185.
Kiran Sharma 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(2):137-150
Forest canopy density (FCD) is a major factor in the evaluation of forest status and is an important indicator of possible management interventions. The study uses the FCD model with Landsat TM and Landsat 8 OLI images to assess canopy density in India’s Manipur valley and surrounding hills. Normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) was used to extract built-up areas and population density was retrieved from LandScan data, while elevation and slope were obtained from ASTER DEMs (30 m). Four types of canopy density were delineated with crown cover above 71%, 41–70%, 11–40%, below 10% and areas with no canopy cover, that is 0%. A sharp decline in forest area occurred during 1989–2016 at a rate of loss of 2.9 % year-1 with an average rate of deforestation of 3051 ha year-1. Dense forests exhibited remarkable degradation, especially towards the central valley. The variation in the topographical (elevation and slope) gradient resulted in significant differences in the canopy density over the study area barring some hill slopes. Population pressure and various developmental activities in recent decades led to forest degradation in this fragile yet rich Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot. 相似文献
186.
The typical framework for assessing human population distribution is across a flat, two-dimensional landscape. We alter this perspective by examining population distribution with respect to a third dimension, elevation. This alternative framework, termed hypsographic demography, conceptually provides a more complete visualization and understanding of population distribution. We apply hypsographic demography to North Carolina from the scale of the entire state to streams of different sizes. At the state scale, elevation and population are generally inversely correlated. The flat coastal plain contains the majority of the population at low elevations, whereas higher elevations contain smaller populations due to steep topography, which limits development. At the county scale, the historic location and expansion of cities was more closely correlated with observed patterns of hypsographic demography than elevation or topography. At the scale of the stream, the influence of topography on hypsographic demographics gains importance where topography limits the land available to develop. We use this approach to illustrate how changing the perspective for viewing population distribution can be applied to floodplain policy. 相似文献
187.
三江并流区云南贡山片植被景观类型分布特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以三江并流区云南贡山片为例,以Landsat ETM+影像为数据源,基于3S技术进行植被景观制图,分析景观类型的分布特征。结果表明:1.研究区是典型的高山峡谷地区,海拔3 000~4 000 m的区域占总面积近一半,坡度25°以上的山地面积占84.82%;景观类型分布受垂直空间分异主导;河流、河漫滩和湖泊等景观主要分布在平缓地段,自然植被景观多分布在25°~45°的陡坡上,人工植被景观分布的坡度范围相对较缓;自然植被景观在各坡向上的分布较为均匀;人工植被景观及积雪/冰川景观、岩石景观等分布则体现出一定的空间分异;2.山地森林植被构成研究区景观的基质类型;由于植被景观的垂直分异,构成基底的各类景观类型的优势度随海拔变化,河谷地段的中山湿性常绿阔叶林、中山-亚高山的铁杉-常绿阔叶混交林、亚高山-高山的云冷杉/落叶松林优势度较高,高山-亚高山以杜鹃灌丛为优势景观类型;3.从斑块粒度上看,小斑块数量最多,占总斑块数的80.87%,中斑块占11.36%,其余均在3%以下;优势自然景观类型具有较大的巨斑块数;巨斑块面积比例最大,达到68.99%,其余斑块大小等级的分布面积比例在3%~9%之间。 相似文献
188.
JOSEPH M. PIWOWAR ELLSWORTH F. LEDREW DOUGLAS J. DUDYCHA 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):429-444
This paper examines the common methods for converting spatial data sets between vector and raster formats and presents the results of extensive benchmark testing of these procedures. The tests performed are unique in this field since: (1) they used both synthetic and real test data sets; (2) they measured conversion quality, accuracy and efficiency, not just how fast the procedure operated; and (3) they were conducted in a generic geographic information system (GIS) environment without the aid of specialized computer hardware. The results show that the best overall techniques are the ones which take advantage of spatial relationships inherent in the data sets. These were the Scan Line algorithm for vector to raster conversions and the Boundary Linking algorithm for raster to vector conversions. 相似文献
189.
J. A. Ruiz‐Arias D. Pozo‐Vázquez H. Alsamamra 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):1049-1076
Daily solar radiation estimates of four up‐to‐date solar radiation models (Solar Analyst, r.sun, SRAD and Solei‐32), based on a digital elevation model (DEM), have been evaluated and compared in a Mediterranean environment characterized by a complex topography. The models' estimates were evaluated against 40 days of radiometric data collected in 14 stations. Analyzed sky conditions ranged from completely overcast conditions to clear skies. Additionally, the role of the spatial resolution of the DEM has been evaluated through the use of two different resolutions: 20 and 100 m. Results showed that, under clear‐sky conditions, the daily solar radiation variability in the study area may be reasonably estimated with mean bias errors under 10% and root mean square error values of around 15%. On the other hand, results proved that the reliability of the estimates substantially decreases under overcast conditions for some of the solar radiation models. Regarding the role of the DEM spatial resolution, results suggested that the reliability of the estimates for complex topography areas under clear‐sky conditions improves using a higher spatial resolution. 相似文献
190.
John B. Lindsay Jan Seibert 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):1453-1468
This article presents a framework for estimating a new topographic attribute derived from digital elevation models (DEMs) called maximum branch length (B max). Branch length is defined as the distance travelled along a flow path initiated at one grid cell to the confluence with the flow path passing through a second cell. B max is the longest branch length measured for a grid cell and its eight neighbours. The index provides a physically meaningful method for assessing the relative significance of drainage divides to the dispersion of materials and energy across a landscape, that is, it is a measure of ‘divide size’. B max is particularly useful for studying divide network structure, for mapping drainage divides, and in landform classification applications. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the robustness of estimates of B max to the algorithm used to estimate flow lengths and the prevalence of edge effects resulting from inadequate DEM extent. The findings suggest that the index is insensitive to the specific flow algorithm used but that edge effects can result in significant underestimation along major divides. Edge contamination can, however, be avoided by using an appropriately extensive DEM. 相似文献