硝酸钠浓度对三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)MACC/B226生长及脂肪酸组成的影响

在温度为22±1℃ ,盐度为28,硝酸钠浓度分别为75,375,750,1125,1500,1875mg/L的条件下 ,用F/2培养基对青岛海洋大学微藻种质库保存的三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylumtricor-nutum)MACC/B226进行培养 ,测定了生长及脂肪酸组成。实验结果表明 ,在硝酸钠浓度为1125mg/L时 ,三角褐指藻相对生长率最高。在75～375mg/L之间二十碳五稀酸 (EPA)含量随着硝酸钠浓度的增加而增加 ,在375～1875mg/L之间EPA含量变化不大 ,在1875mg/L时达到最高值 (占总脂肪酸的12.6% )。     

东海天然气水合物的地球化学标志与找矿远景

利用大量的海底沉积物样品，开展了东海天然气水合物卫星热红外遥感和沉积物酸脱气地球化学找矿研究。根据卫星热红外增温异常和海底浅表层沉积烃类异常及其他各种异常标志，可以预测冲绳海槽中南部海域为最可能的水合物赋存区。     

胶州湾李村河口沉积物中重金属分布特征及其控制因素

对胶州湾李村河口4个站点沉积物中的酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)以及同步提取金属元素(SEM,包括Cu,Cd,Ni,Pb和Zn)的含量进行测定,以研究重金属元素在河口海湾沉积物中的分布特征及影响其分布的因素。结果表明,J1站表层沉积物中同步提取金属含量高于其它站点;除J1站外其他站点的同步提取金属的总量随沉积物深度变化范围不大;J1站的SEM/AVS比值始终小于1,其他站点SEM/AVS比值只在沉积物浅表层大于1。此外,AVS和同步提取Fe的含量对沉积物中同步提取金属的分布有着重要影响,其他的因素如有机质的含量等也会对沉积物中同步提取金属的分布产生影响。     

Measurement and prediction of water movement in a field soil: The matrix-macropore dichotomy

The saturated and unsaturated flow properties of a field soil under two tillage treatments were obtained with ponded rings and disc permeameters of dissimilar radii. No difference was observed between tillage treatments but the flow properties displayed a distinct macropore-matrix dichotomy, with K changing by an order of magnitude as ψ₀ went from just - 30 mm to zero. Accurate prediction of time to incipient ponding was achieved using both numerical and analytical models calibrated with field hydraulic properties that were characteristic of the soil matrix. However, extension of the numerical model to the prediction of the wetting front development under non-ponded conditions was less accurate due to localized preferred wetting It is hypothesized that at this site, localized concentration of rainfall and hence, preferred wetting, May, occur by interception and stemflow associated with lines of standing stubble present in the original seeding slots.     

Formulation and application of the unsaturated/saturated catchment models SUSCAT and WEC‐C

This paper describes the formulation and application of a coupled unsaturated/saturated model framework developed to investigate the impact of mining on catchment water yield and groundwater dynamics. The model conceptualization was implemented in both a finite‐element (SUSCAT) and finite‐difference (WEC‐C) solution scheme and found to give similar results. The model framework simulates a coupled surface‐water and groundwater system in which a physically based solution scheme was used to simulate one‐dimensional movement through the unsaturated zone, and a distributed model was used to simulate two‐dimensional saturated groundwater flow. Each soil column comprises a series of layers, each layer being connected to adjacent cells. Subsurface lateral flow is considered when any cell within a layer develops a saturated thickness. Simulation results presented are based on a catchment in the Darling Range, Western Australia that was progressively mined and subsequently rehabilitated. The results predicted the groundwater system beneath the mine areas to have a peak rise owing to mining of between 2 and 4 m. Six years after mining, and following vegetation rehabilitation, the groundwater rise had reduced to 1 m above simulated unmined levels. The corresponding streamflow increase as a result of mining was estimated to peak at 21 mm/year and declined to 7·4 mm/year eight years after revegetation of the mined areas. The simulated groundwater response and streamflow results derived from both models were found to be consistent with observed data. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

深部碎屑岩储层溶蚀作用实验模拟研究

结合渤海湾深层天然气勘探实际,选用渤海湾盆地深埋储层的长石砂岩和灰质长石砂岩,配制与地层有机酸组分相近的反应液,模拟开放-半开放条件下,晚成岩期有机酸溶解作用。通过样品定位对比分析,结果证明:①乙酸对碎屑岩颗粒,特别是钾长石、钠长石、方解石、白云石溶蚀过程中,Ca、Mg、Na、K离子优先释放,Al、Si离子释放较慢。②扫描电镜定位对比分析表明,在实验模拟的高温、开放成岩环境下,乙酸优先溶解方解石,方解石溶出速度大于白云石;钠长石比钾长石更易溶解。③溶解试验反应161h后,孔隙度平均提高2%~3%,证实了乙酸可提高深部储层的次生孔隙空间。溶解量的大小与矿物中可溶物质含量有关(特别是方解石、长石、白云石的含量有关)。④X衍射、能谱分析和扫描电镜资料证实,溶解沉淀物为硅质、铝硅酸盐沉积物,呈块状、粒状产出。由于沉淀时间短,其晶形较差,而且随着反应时间增加,沉淀物数量增加。     

非饱和土的一种分类方法

根据理想模型中土颗粒和孔隙水之间的几何关系、热力学原理和土力学基本理论,研究了土的非饱和性在非饱和土中引起的力系。给出了张力吸力和吸力比的定义,并在考虑基质吸力作用面积的基础上定义了等效吸力的概念。按照孔隙水弯液面是否与土颗粒表面搭接,将非饱和土分为搭接非饱和土和不搭接非饱和土两类。进而根据搭接状态将搭接非饱和土细分为水封闭非饱和土和搭接双开敞非饱和土,根据孔隙气状态将不搭接非饱和土细分为不搭接双开敞非饱和土和气封闭非饱和土。在搭接非饱和土中,出现张力吸力并对土体的强度产生增强作用;在不搭接非饱和土中,表面张力只是沿着液面传播,不对土的强度产生效应。另外,张力吸力只对强度问题有贡献,它不是渗流问题的驱动力。     

一维稳态入渗时非饱和土基质吸力分布

雨水的入渗和蒸发对土体的其质吸力分布有着重要的影响作用。利用水相连续性条件、广义Darcy定律及Gardner关于非饱和土导水系数和基质吸力的经验公式,建立并求解出非饱和土一维稳态渗流情况下基质吸力沿深度变化的关系表达式。根据所解得的解析解,详细分析了在单一土层情况下参数α、入渗强度q和qlks对基质吸力分布的影响。     

Fe2O3-TiO2复合光催化剂的制备及其对染料酸性大红降解的光催化活性研究

以氧化铁红粉末为载体,钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,无水乙醇为溶剂,制备了Fe2O3-TiO2光催化剂。用XRD、TEM等对催化剂的物相、形貌进行了表征,并通过对酸性大红GR染料废水进行光催化降解实验,研究了催化剂的投加量、光照时间以及起始浓度、pH值、回收方法及催化剂重复使用次数对酸性大红染料废水光降解作用的影响。实验结果表明,氧化铁红粉末负载TiO2催化剂有很好的吸附和光催化性能,并可以多次回收重复使用,在投加量为0.4g/L的条件下,光催化效果最好,1h后的脱色率可达95%以上。     

铅电解原料工业硅氟酸中硫酸根的快速测定

用硝酸钾溶液沉淀硅氟酸根离子，分离大量的基体，滤液与氯化钡在保护剂的作用下，形成硫酸钡悬浊液，用分光光度计于波长440nm处测定其吸光度。方法的表观摩尔吸光系数为1.7×10^5L·mol^-1·cm^-1，测定范围为0、04～0．48g／L。应用于铅电解原料工业硅氟酸中硫酸根的测定，结果与重量法基本一致，7次测定的相对标准偏差小于7％，加标回收率为97．5％～101．7％。