黑龙江北部孙吴-嘉荫盆地构造特征、演化及石油地质条件

重力解释孙吴-嘉荫盆地基底埋深一般在0.1～2.5 km,基底形态具有北东走向的“三断两隆”的构造特征,自西向东称孙吴断陷、茅栏河隆起、沾河断陷、富饶隆起和嘉荫断陷.地震解释基底深度一般在0.1～6.3 km,并据之进一步划分了断陷的次级构造单元.孙吴-嘉荫盆地的形成和演化与南部的松辽盆地颇为相似,大致经历了前裂陷、断陷、坳陷和萎缩4个阶段.下白垩统淘淇河组、上白垩统永安村组和太平林场组埋藏较深,厚度较大,烃源岩达到成熟阶段,储层发育,物性较好,为油气勘探的主要目的层.对沾河断陷和嘉荫断陷油气勘探有利区做了进一步预测,确定乌拉嘎凹陷是嘉荫断陷最有利的勘探区,确定沾河向斜是沾河断陷最有利的勘探区.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711100079X

Lower Paleozoic rocks exposed in various regions of Egypt (south central Sinai, north Eastern Desert and southwest Western Desert), in addition to occurring in the subsurface such as north Western Desert and the Gulf of Suez. The Lower Paleozoic rocks in Egypt include surface and subsurface rock units of formational status. The surface rock units are the Taba, Araba and Naqus formations. The subsurface rock units include the Shifa, Kohla and Basur formations. The Infracambrian Taba Formation has been discovered recently in the outcrops of the south eastern Sinai in the Taba-Ras El-Naqab area. It is missing and/or not recognized in the subsurface. The Taba Formation consists mainly of reddish brown, unfossiliferous gravelly fine-to medium-grained sandstones cemented by kaolinite and have subordinate beds of paleosols. The Cambrian Araba Formation and its subsurface equivalent (the Shifa Formation) are essentially composed of reddish brown, fine-grained laminated sandstone and siltstone with abundant Skolithos and Cruziana sp. In contrast, the Ordovician-Silurian Naqus Formation and its subsurface equivalents (Kohla Formation and Basur Formation) are mainly composed of white, unfossiliferous, cross-bedded, medium- to coarse-grained sandstones with haphazardly distributed pebbles and cobbles. Sedimentological analysis indicates that the Araba Formation and its equivalents were deposited in a marginal-marine environment, whereas the Naqus Formation and its equivalents were laid down in a fluvio-glacial environment. Integrated stratigraphic and sedimentological studies of the Lower Paleozoic rocks permit reconstruction of the paleogeography of Egypt at that time. Egypt has been largely controlled since the Cambrian by the pre-existing structural framework of the pre-Phanerozoic basement rocks inherited from the Late Proterozoic Pan-African event. Additionally, sedimentation processes were controlled during Cambro-Ordovician times by tectonic movements, whereas glacio-eustatic control predominated during the Late Ordovician-Silurian Period. These studies suggest that most areas of Egypt were exposed lands with episodically transgression by epicontinental seas related to the paleo-Tethys. These lands formed a part of a stable subsiding shelf at the northern Gondwana margin.     

百58井区地震数据高分辨率成像与断裂带构造特征

准噶尔盆地西北缘百口泉地区百58井区是一个被多条断裂切割的复杂断块区,地层倾角变化大;现有的三维地震资料成果剖面上地震波组连续性差,断裂带附近资料成像模糊,地层接触关系不清楚,很难进行精细构造解释。为获得研究区沉积盖层精细结构,在详细分析原始地震资料特点和存在问题的基础上,有针对性地采用叠前多域去噪和非线性叠前时间偏移等多种处理技术,对已有的三维地震资料进行了高分辨率精细成像处理。新的成果剖面揭示出该区百－乌断裂带发育特征、空间展布及平面组合关系。根据地层厚度、构造特征、地震反射波组特征等,划分该区地层为二叠系、三叠系、侏罗系－白垩系三大构造层,以三大构造层不同的构造特征为依据确定了研究区分为西部推覆构造带、中部断阶构造带和东部斜坡构造带3个构造单元。     

非均匀温度场中熔体结晶作用与科马提岩结构成因

具有重要岩石学和构造学意义的科马提岩，最吸引人同时又最令人困惑的特征之一是它的鬣刺结构和分层构造。本文从喷出地表的岩桨冷凝时温度分布、熔体性质与结晶作用的密切联系，把科马提岩浆喷发形成的岩流作为一个冷凝整体。通过与金属铸锭浇注成形和矿石冶炼生产的比较，发现它们在冷凝固结过程中温度场特征、熔体的性质、结晶能力和结晶方式都有十分相似的特点，并以此为出发点详细解析了科马提岩的鬣刺结构和岩石分层构造的形成     

传统填图法在半覆盖区的改进——第四系岩性填图法

传统地质填图方法一般按成因划分第四系填图单位,但在半覆盖区,往往存在第四系不同成因物质混杂堆积的现象,若按成因划分填图单位,则会造成混乱。笔者在填图实践中,尝试按岩性划分第四系填图单位,这一做法能避免这种混乱,且有利于第四系中基岩信息的发掘,并能为勘查地球化学工作提供景观依据,这种新式填图方法可称为"第四系岩性填图法"。用岩性划分第四系填图单位需要使用统一的分类命名方案,本文使用了按碎屑特征进行分类的方案,主要考虑第四系松散堆积中碎屑的粒径、形态和含量变化。第四系岩性填图法中填图单位的划分需要参照这一分类命名方案,并可选用颜色、构造、次要碎屑类型等修饰性要素做为辅助划分依据。填图单位划分一般在踏勘和剖面实测中完成,第四系岩性填图法剖面测制较为复杂,除采用传统垂向测制方法外,还需运用横向测法和横向-垂向联合测法,通过剖面工作,可细化填图单位划分方案,并可评价不同填图单元基岩恢复的可靠性。第四系岩性填图法除需要编制传统地质图外,还需要编制基岩推断地质图或是在报告中制作插图以阐述此成果。     

中蒙边界中东部地区奥陶纪地层划分与对比

在中蒙边界1∶100万系列地质图件编制过程中,有关中东部地区奥陶纪地层层序和时代归属问题存在一定的异议。文章根据中蒙两国1∶20万区域地质图件及生物地层学资料结合野外地质踏勘,讨论了中蒙边界中东部地区奥陶纪地层层序和时代归属。详尽的地质资料及野外踏勘显示,中蒙边界蒙古地区发育的奥陶纪地层可以和相邻地区的中国奥陶纪地层进行对比。蒙古北山地区的Ehenhaya组和Adagbaishint组下段可以和罗雅楚山组相对比;Adagbaishint上段可与咸水湖组相对比;Naransevestei组与白云山组应为同一套地层。在Saishand地区,除自中国境内延伸来的乌宾敖包组和巴彦呼舒组延伸到蒙古外,Zeeriinhural组可以与裸河组进行对比;Naransevestei组与白云山组应为同一套地层。蒙古东部Khalkh gol地区的Bukhat uul组应分为两部分,下段与多宝山组相似,其时代属于早-中奥陶世;上段可以与裸河组进行对比,时代为中-晚奥陶世。     

柴北缘的大地构造演化及其地质事件群

柴达木盆地北缘及邻区包括六个二级构造单元:中南祁连地块(宗务隆天山期裂陷槽)、欧龙布鲁克微陆块、柴北缘祁连期结合带、柴达木地块、东昆仑晚天山-印支期结合带(东昆北岩浆弧)和西秦岭结合带。其中柴北缘及邻区的大地构造演化,经历了前寒武纪基底成生与演化、祁连期洋-陆转化、天山-印支期板内变形和中新生代陆相盆地演化-高原隆升等四个阶段。本文在论述各个演化阶段的沉积事件、岩浆活动、变质作用、构造形迹和成矿作用等地质事件群的基础上,对柴北缘的变质基底、全球大地构造对比和显生宙花岗岩等重大基础地质问题进行了讨论。     

Environmental effect and genetic influence: a regional cancer predisposition survey in the Zonguldak region of Northwest Turkey

The Cretaceous-Eocene volcano-sedimentary units of the Zonguldak region of the western Black Sea consist of subalkaline andesite and tuff, and sandstone dominated by smectite, kaolinite, accessory chlorite, illite, mordenite, and analcime associated with feldspar, quartz, opal-CT, amphibole, and calcite. Kaolinization, chloritization, sericitization, albitization, Fe–Ti-oxidation, and the presence of zeolite, epidote, and illite in andesitic rocks and tuffaceous materials developed as a result of the degradation of a glass shards matrix, enclosed feldspar, and clinopyroxene-type phenocrysts, due to alteration processes. The association of feldspar and glass with smectite and kaolinite, and the suborientation of feldspar-edged, subparallel kaolinite plates to fracture axes may exhibit an authigenic smectite or kaolinite. Increased alteration degree upward in which Al, Fe, and Ti are gained, and Si, Na, K, and Ca are depleted, is due to the alteration following possible diagenesis and hydrothermal activities. Micromorphologically, fibrous mordenite in the altered units and the presence of needle-type chrysotile in the residential buildings in which cancer cases lived were detected. In addition, the segregation pattern of cancer susceptibility in the region strongly suggested an environmental effect and a genetic influence on the increased cancer incidence in the region. The most likely diagnosis was Li-Fraumeni syndrome, which is one of the hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes; however, no mutations were observed in the p53 gene, which is the major cause of Li-Fraumeni syndrome. The micromorphology observed in the altered units in which cancer cases were detected may have a role in the expression of an unidentified gene, but does not explain alone the occurrence of cancer as a primary cause in the region.     

Symbiodinium (internal transcribed spacer 2) diversity in the coral host Agaricia lamarcki (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) between shallow and mesophotic reefs in the Northern Caribbean (20–70 m)

This study investigated differences in Symbiodinium diversity in the scleractinian coral species Agaricia lamarcki between shallow (20–25 m) and mesophotic (50–70 m) depths in the Northern Caribbean. Corals were sampled in each of four shallow sites (20–25 m; n = 18) and three mesophotic sites (50–70 m; n = 18) from Mona Island (Puerto Rico) and the US Virgin Islands during a mesophotic exploratory cruise and from the La Parguera shelf edge, off Southwestern Puerto Rico. Symbiodinium diversity was assessed using internal transcribed spacer 2 sequences clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Clustering resulted in eight clade C OTUs and one clade D OTU. Of these, there were three common Symbiodinium OTUs consisting of C3 and D1a.N14 in shallow reefs and C11.N4 in mesophotic reefs. Statistical tests (permutational multivariate analysis of variance and analysis of similarity) showed significant differences between clade C Symbiodinium OTUs in A. lamarcki colonies located at shallow and mesophotic depths, indicating symbiont zonation. Symbiodinium diversity in A. lamarcki from the Northern Caribbean is comparable to previous reports in the Southern Caribbean for this species. This is the first report of the thermal tolerant species Symbiodinium trenchii (D1a) in A. lamarcki.     

Spatially constrained clustering of ecological units to facilitate the design of integrated water monitoring networks in the St. Lawrence Basin

Water monitoring networks are generally classified into surface water, precipitation, groundwater or water quality monitoring networks. The design of these networks typically occurs in isolation from each other. We present a regionalization approach to identify homogeneous subregions of large basins that are suitable as areas for the optimization of an integrated water monitoring network. The study area, which comprises a portion of the St. Lawrence Basin, was spatially divided using ecological units. For each ecological unit, 21 attributes were derived including both environmental and hydrological indicators. A spatially constrained regionalization technique was applied to define the final regions. A scree plot was used to determine the number of regions. The sensitivity of the technique to the correlation in the attribute data was removed by utilizing principal component analysis to reduce correlation between attribute data. During regionalization, the component values were weighted by their proportion of the total variance explained. The four regions in the final configuration had areas from 19% to 31% of the total area, 63,597 km². For the St. Lawrence Basin, this approach is effective for defining homogeneous regions that can be used in further research on the optimization of integrated water monitoring networks. The approach is portable to other regions and can incorporate any set of attribute data that is valuable to the regionalization objective.