关于暴时电离层电流分布的南北半球不对称性

采用国际上广泛认可的高层大气和电离层经验模式提供的各种参数, 通过电离层电流连续方程, 计算出强磁暴条件下6月至日和12月至日内, 磁纬±72°和磁地方时00:00～24:00之间电离层电场、电流等的分布. 计算中考虑了地磁和地理坐标间的偏离; 除中性风场感生的发电机效应外, 还包含了磁层耦合(极盖区边界的晨昏电场和二区场向电流)的驱动外源. 结果表明, 6月至日时, 磁层扰动自极光区向中低纬的穿透情况在南、北半球内基本接近, 北半球内略强; 但12月至日时, 呈现明显的不对称性, 南半球的电流穿透远强于北半球, 而电场的穿透则是在北半球更强. 无论南北半球, 在中高纬地区, 午夜至黎明时段出现较强的东向电场分量, 其[WTHX]E×B[WTBZ]的向上漂移效应, 正是解释我们以往不少研究现象中所期盼的物理机制.     

直接消除电磁耦合的斩波去耦方法

应用激发极化法时经常遇到电磁耦合的干扰.基于耦合效应和激电效应在双频波测量波形上具有不同的表现形式,提出一种在野外采集激电数据时,直接剔除电磁耦合而又基本上不损失激电信息的“斩波”去耦方法.本文从“斩波去耦”的方法原理、斩波对正常双频波产生的畸变、以及存在EM和IP效应时的双频波斩波等方面进行了详细的推导和分析.数值计算结果表明,该方法去耦效果明显,可以在现场条件下直接去耦,值得在激发极化法中推广应用     

关于井炮激发参数优化设计的思考

利用正演模拟的手段进行分析,对影响井炮激发的不同影响因素展开分析,结合对炸药特征阻抗与围岩的阻抗匹配系数、炸药几何耦合系数、激发药量、井深等方面进行分析,对井炮激发参数进行优化设计.通过优化设计,寻求有效提高地震子波品质的方法.结合实际的地震地质条件和地震勘探目标,设计最佳的井炮激发参数,提高地震勘探的效益.     

青藏铁路填土路基热-力耦合离散元研究

多年冻土是含有冰的特殊土体,在自然环境变化及工程扰动下易发生冻胀融沉变形,严重威胁着青藏高原工程建筑物的安全稳定,特别对青藏铁路的畅通运营提出了严峻挑战.以青藏铁路五道梁地区路基断面为研究对象,采用颗粒离散单元法,通过建立热-力离散元计算模型,对路基的温度场和变形进行了计算和预测.结果表明:离散单元法克服了有限元方法无...     

贵州省生态环境和交通发展耦合协调研究

为探究贵州省交通发展水平与生态环境质量的耦合协调关系,以全省9个市(州)为研究对象,基于贵州省统计年鉴、国民经济和社会发展统计公报、高分系列卫星遥感影像等多元数据与GIS空间分析方法,定量分析与评价了2015年与2020年各市(州)的交通发展水平与生态环境质量以及二者之间的耦合协调关系。结果表明：(1)贵州省生态环境质量呈现下降趋势,空间分布特征从东北高西北低向南高北低、东高西低转变;(2)交通发展水平呈现上升趋势,空间分布由东高西低向中心—外围的结构特征转变;(3)耦合协调度的空间分布变化显著,由东部与北部高、西部低转变为中轴高两侧低。为保障贵州省生态环境与交通建设的持续协调发展,应加强生态环境保护,提高区域生态环境质量,同时根据各市(州)实际情况,进一步优化交通基础设施空间布局。     

新疆公共服务资源空间配置与城乡互动耦合协调发展评价

公共服务资源是社会发展的“先行资本”,对于区域社会经济发展与城乡融合发展具有正面外部效应。依据公共服务资源公平性、效益性与协调性原则,结合AHP、熵值与聚类分析方法,建立新疆公共服务资源配置与城乡互动效益评价指标体系,利用协调耦合发展模型,揭示研究区公共服务、城乡互动发展以及两者耦合协调度的总体特征和空间特征。结果表明：（1） 新疆各地不同类型公共服务资源空间配置公平性有所差异,空间非公平性>人口非公平性。（2） 公共服务资源综合效益以及城乡互动发展水平呈现较低、一般（中等）、较高三个类型。（3） 公共服务效益空间分异特征呈现出东南片区>西北片区;城乡互动水平空间差异呈现出天山北坡经济带高于其他区域。（4） 新疆大部分处于城乡互动与公共服务相互影响、相互磨合的过渡发展阶段,导致公共服务损益或城乡互动损益,个别区域处在两个系统相互制约、失调衰退阶段。通过进一步提出加快建立健全城乡互动公共服务体系,构建大、中、小多层次城镇空间格局,继续完善和开拓新的公共服务增长点以满足不断增长的城乡社会发展需求等建议措施,为确保城乡居民生存发展公平与效率,促进公共服务与城乡互动耦合协调发展提供参考借鉴。     

城镇化与生态环境耦合的动态模拟——研究进展与展望

Urbanization and eco-environment coupling is a research hotspot.Dynamic simulation of urbanization and eco-environment coupling needs to be improved because the processes of coupling are complex and statistical methods are limited.Systems science and cross-scale coupling allow us to define the coupled urbanization and eco-environment system as an open complex giant system with multiple feedback loops.We review the current state of dynamic simulation of urbanization and eco-environment coupling and find that:(1)The use of dynamic simulation is an increasing trend,the relevant theory is being developed,and modeling processes are being improved;(2)Dynamic simulation technology has become diversified,refined,intelligent and integrated;(3)Simulation is mainly performed for three aspects of the coupling,multiple regions and multiple elements,local coupling and telecoupling,and regional synergy.However,we also found some shortcomings:(1)Basic theories are inadequately developed and insufficiently integrated;(2)The methods of unifying systems and sharing data are behind the times;(3)Coupling relations and the dynamic characteristics of the main driving elements are not fully understood or completely identified.Additionally,simulation of telecoupling does not quantify parameters and is not systemically unified,and therefore cannot be used to represent spatial synergy.In the future,we must promote communication between research networks,technology integration and data sharing to identify the processes governing change in coupled relations and in the main driving elements in urban agglomerations.Finally,we must build decision support systems to plan and ensure regional sustainable urbanization.     

Coupling numerical simulation with remotely sensed information for the study of frozen soil dynamics

The acquisition of spatial-temporal information of frozen soil is fundamental for the study of frozen soil dynamics and its feedback to climate change in cold regions. With advancement of remote sensing and better understanding of frozen soil dynamics, discrimination of freeze and thaw status of surface soil based on passive microwave remote sensing and numerical simulation of frozen soil processes under water and heat transfer principles provides valuable means for regional and global frozen soil dynamic monitoring and systematic spatial-temporal responses to global change. However, as an important data source of frozen soil processes, remotely sensed information has not yet been fully utilized in the numerical simulation of frozen soil processes. Although great progress has been made in remote sensing and frozen soil physics, yet few frozen soil research has been done on the application of remotely sensed information in association with the numerical model for frozen soil process studies. In the present study, a distributed numerical model for frozen soil dynamic studies based on coupled water-heat transferring theory in association with remotely sensed frozen soil datasets was developed. In order to reduce the uncertainty of the simulation, the remotely sensed frozen soil information was used to monitor and modify relevant parameters in the process of model simulation. The remotely sensed information and numerically simulated spatial-temporal frozen soil processes were validated by in-situ field observations in cold regions near the town of Naqu on the East-Central Tibetan Plateau. The results suggest that the overall accuracy of the algorithm for discriminating freeze and thaw status of surface soil based on passive microwave remote sensing was more than 95%. These results provided an accurate initial freeze and thaw status of surface soil for coupling and calibrating the numerical model of this study. The numerically simulated frozen soil processes demonstrated good performance of the distributed numerical model based on the coupled water-heat transferring theory. The relatively larger uncertainties of the numerical model were found in alternating periods between freezing and thawing of surface soil. The average accuracy increased by about 5% after integrating remotely sensed information on the surface soil. The simulation accuracy was significantly improved, especially in transition periods between freezing and thawing of the surface soil.     

龙口港湾大振幅假潮的成因分析

龙口湾位于山东半岛北部,莱州湾东北隅,为莱州湾的一个附属海湾.海湾湾口朝向西南,湾廓近似半圆形,属半封闭海湾.龙口验潮站位于湾顶(图1),水深7m.     

1003号台风“灿都”风暴潮特征分析与模拟

根据粤西沿海4个海洋站潮位资料分析、讨论了“灿都”台风风暴潮特征:利用改进的Jelesnianski风场,并采用耦合天文潮模拟与非耦合天文潮两种方案,对1003号台风“灿都”进行模拟、分析,模拟结果显示:在改进的杰氏风场驱动下,两种预报结果误差都比较小,但耦合天文潮预报结果优于非耦合天文潮预报结果.