利用射线追踪研究电离层扰动

基于返回散射探测的电离层扰动电离图,本文建立了一个新的对称的准余弦电离层扰动数学模型.基于这种模型,利用HF射线追踪技术合成了HF电离层返回散射电离图,并利用迭代的技术拟合了高频返回散射设备探测的电离层扰动电离图的Pmin-f曲线(Pmin为最小时延,f为工作频率),从而推断了沿探测路径电离层扰动区域的位置及大小,扰动的临界频率波动的幅度.最后基于这种电离层扰动模型,利用射线追踪技术描述了不同电离层扰动参数下的电波传播情况,研究了其天波传播的跳距、覆盖区域的大小及射线“俘获”等.     

2003年1 0月29～31日太阳耀斑对中国大陆电离层扰动的GPS监测与分析

利用“中国地壳运动观测网络”工程中28个GPS基准站和中国周边地区10个IGS站的GPS观测数据,研究了2003年10月29日～31日期间,X10级太阳耀斑引起的中国大陆电离层总电子含量(TEC)的变化特征,分析了本次太阳磁暴对我国不同地区电离层的影响。结果表明。太阳耀斑对中国大陆电离层的影响从29日中午10～1l时开始,其影响强度与纬度有关,纬度越低。影响越大。且自东向西移动。TEC最大值达到120TEC。峰值比正常情况下高40多个TECU;且下午电离层对耀斑的响应强烈。     

华南沿海地表红土地球化学特性变异的自然因素与人类活动干预

文章对珠江三角洲和粤西地区地表表层红土的地球化学指标和矿物学指标进行了研究。研究结果表明,全岩的化学蚀变指数(CIA)值主要代表自然作用下化学风化的强度;而硅铝率(或Al₂O₃SiO₂比值)和(高岭石+伊利石)石英比值在全岩研究中代表化学风化与侵蚀作用的共同强度;Al₂O₃SiO₂比值与CIA值的相关关系可以作为区分化学风化作用自然因素变化与侵蚀作用加剧的一种新的分析方法:当样品CIA值异常偏离趋势线时,反映出自然化学风化作用的异常变化,而Al₂O₃SiO₂比值的异常偏离则可能反映了表层侵蚀作用的加剧;结合当地自然环境和人类活动的特点,可以推断人为因素对表层红土剖面地球化学特征变异的干预和对侵蚀作用加剧的贡献     

A simple and effective method for preserving the sediment–water interface of sediment cores during transport

We describe a method for preserving the upper sediments of fragile sediment cores during transport from field sites and assess potential effects on subsequent laboratory analyses. This method addresses the need to minimize disturbance to the surfaces of unfrozen sediment cores used for paleoenvironmental or other high-resolution sedimentological analyses during transport. A polymer gel (sodium polyacrylate) applied above the sediment surface acts as a barrier to movement while also preserving surface undulations. The gel seal can preserve even exceptionally fine sedimentary structures (<0.2 mm) in the upper sediments of lacustrine and fiord sediment cores, but may react with organic material (e.g. algal mats) present on some sediment surfaces. This reaction creates an adhesive layer at the gel’s base but it can be handled effectively during sampling. The gel seal minimizes surface deformation and preserves surficial sediments better than traditional seals made of water-absorbent floral foam, wax or paper towel. In addition to permitting detailed sedimentary and subfossil investigations of the sediment–water interface, this method shows no detectable effects on measurements of total organic carbon or total nitrogen values in the sediment. This method is inexpensive, non-hazardous and applicable to many coring systems and sediment types.     

Ionospheric response to geomagnetic disturbances in the north-eastern region of Asia during the minimum of 23rd cycle of solar activity

We present the results of studies of the subauroral and mid-latitude ionosphere variations in the north-eastern region of Asia. We used the data from network of vertical and oblique-incidence sounding ionosondes and optical measurements. Long-term experiments on the radio paths Magadan–Irkutsk and Norilsk–Irkutsk were carried out within the period 2005–2007. Vertical sounding stations operated in standard regime. Observation of airglow near Irkutsk was provided by the zenith photometer that measured intensities of 557.7 and 630.0 nm atomic oxygen emissions. The results may be summarized as follows. (1) Large daytime negative disturbances are observed during the main and recovery phases mainly at high latitudes, whereas the positive disturbances observed during the main phase at mid latitudes. The disturbances changed their sign between Yakutsk and Irkutsk. (2) During the main and recovery storm phases the fall of foF2 associated with the equatorward wall of the main ionospheric trough is observed in the afternoon and evening. (3) Fluctuations of the electron density more intensive at mid latitudes during the storm main phase are observed during all considered periods. They are classed as traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID). Such sharp gradients of electron density are responsible for the strong changes in the characteristics of the radio wave propagation, particularity MOF. (4) A large-scale ionospheric disturbance is noted at the meridional chain of ionosonds in December 2006 as the sharp increase of foF2. It appears in the evening in the minimum of D_st at high latitude and propagate to equator. (5) A maximum of 630 nm emission above Irkutsk corresponds to the foF2 increase. (6) The obtained experimental data on the net of vertical and oblique-incidence sounding with high time resolution show that such net is the effective facility to study the conditions of the radio wave propagation and can be used for the diagnostic of the ionosphere.     

干旱区生物土壤结皮对种子植物多样性的影响

通过调查古尔班通古特沙漠筑路形成的严重干扰样方与自然状态下轻微干扰样方种子植物多样性的差异,结合人为干扰生物土壤结皮样方的结果,综合生物土壤结皮土壤种子库、结皮上种子萌发、生长以及土壤养分与水分的特征,研究生物土壤结皮对种子植物多样性的影响。结果表明：完整结皮与适度干扰后结皮样方内植物多样性指数D分别为0.3296和0.5291,多样性指数H分别为0.8400和1.2957,差异均达到显著水平;严重干扰样方的多样性指数D和多样性指数H均显著低于轻度干扰样方的对应指标。说明对生物土壤结皮 “适度”干扰使其保持在早期发育阶段有利于增加种子植物多样性,而“严重”干扰使结皮变为流沙阶段会降低种子植物多样性。结皮影响种子植物多样性的机理主要在于发育后期的生物土壤结皮会降低土壤种子库,也会抑制多数种类种子萌发,夏秋季结皮深层土壤水分的减少也不利于深根植物的生存,但结皮土壤拥有相对较高的养分条件却能保证一年生短命植物生长和生存。相对于流沙,生物土壤结皮的存在有益于保持相对较高的植物多样性,这可能归功于生物土壤结皮有利于地表稳定性、以及其在防风蚀和土壤形成等方面重要的生态功能,因而,在采取 “适度”干扰措施以提高植物多样性之前需要慎重考虑可能带来的不利影响。     

水泥土搅拌桩施工扰动评价的一种方法

水泥土搅拌桩广泛应用于高速公路软土处理工程中,但是在工程实践中发现水泥土搅拌桩施工会对桩周土产生扰动使地基土强度降低从而导致路基路面产生开裂。水泥土搅拌桩这类非挤土桩其施工扰动方面研究比较少,为此展开水泥土搅拌桩施工对桩周土的扰动研究。围绕水泥土搅拌桩施工性状,采用圆孔扩张理论分析了施工过程中桩周土受力,采用Sekiguchi和Ohta（关口-太田）模型计算了桩周土体积应变,根据Hong和Onitsuka扰动度的定义得到了搅拌桩施工桩周土的扰动度变化。结果表明水泥土搅拌桩施工对桩周土的扰动随深度的增大和距桩边距离增大而减小,该分析结果与静力触探现场测试得到的锥尖阻力变化规律一致。     

深部岩柱在动态扰动下力学响应的数值模拟

在复杂应力状态下对深部岩柱动态扰动的力学响应进行了数值模拟。通过改变侧压系数,来改变岩柱所受的地应力状态,进而分析不同应力状态下岩柱对外界动力扰动的力学响应;通过改变动态扰动的作用时间,来分析动态扰动时间的变化对处于不同应力状态下的岩柱稳定性的影响。数值模拟结果表明,动态扰动对巷道岩柱破坏的触发与岩柱所处的地应力状态密切相关,侧压系数越小,外界的动态扰动对其影响就越明显。动态扰动的作用时间也是影响巷道岩柱稳定的重要因素,随着应力波作用时间的延长,动态扰动给巷道稳定性带来的影响越大。     

云南春季冰雹、大风天气的中尺度扰动特征

应用Ｂａｒｎｕｓ带通滤波方法,对１９９７年春季两次发生在滇南的冰雹、大风天气进行滤波分析,结果表明：冰雹大风发生前,昆明准确止锋附近低层有中尺度的扰动波列通过,风雹地区包括一个上升运动中和下沉运动中心。     

大型模拟地震振动台的特殊控制

阐述了多度大型地震模拟振动台由于试件重心高,偏心以及几何等原因在一个轴线方向上振动量,造成对其他轴线方向运动的干扰,同时介绍了克服这些干扰的控制原理。