夏季西风带定常扰动对东北亚阻塞高压的影响

利用ECMWF 1980～1988年9年的格点资料，分析了定常扰动与东北亚阻塞高压之间的关系。分析结果表明:定常扰动的分布对阻塞高压维持日数有着重要的影响，定常扰动的季节变化可以很好地说明阻塞高压冬季多在太平洋和大西洋上发生和维持，而夏季多在东北亚地区发生和维持的特征。此外，从定常扰动的分布可以看到，不仅中高纬地区上空的正距平强度可以影响着阻塞高压的发生和维持，其南侧的负距平强度也同样重要地影响着阻塞高压。分析结果还表明:不仅定常扰动的水平结构对阻高有着重要影响，其垂直结构亦有着重要影响。最后，对夏季定常扰动进行了波数域分析，表明在夏季定常扰动的作用主要通过其中所包含的行星波、特别是行星波1波来实现，定常扰动中行星波部分的振幅变化是影响阻塞高压发生和维持的重要物理机制。     

梅雨期长江流域两类气旋性扰动和暴雨

文章通过分析长江中游大暴雨和特大暴雨个例，研究了两类梅雨涡的产生、演变及与之联系的暴雨发展过程。一类是移到长江中游的典型西南涡，其斜压结构出现在副热带暖环境中，是在这个系统本身发生、发展的动力-热力过程中产生的；另一类是串行于梅雨切变线上的小型正涡度扰动，其演变过程更复杂一些。文章结合这两次个例对作者过去的一些结果作了验证、充实和归纳。并论及复杂暴雨发展过程的一些预报难点。     

S_q发电机电流的逐日变化和S_q指数

用中国地磁台站的资料,研究了S_q逐日变化的形态学特征,用理论模型计算了磁层环电流、部分环电流、场向电流、磁尾电流、Chapman-Ferraro电流的地磁效应.在消除了这些磁层电流体系的影响之后,得到了电离层潮汐风发电机电流产生的磁场S_q变化.对1973年的资料研究表明,S_q发电机电流的逐日变化主要表现在强度上,即使在磁扰期间,也可以分离出形态稳定的S_q变化.由此提出了一种新的地磁指数——S_q指数,用来描述S_q发电机电流强度的逐日变化.     

辽东湾丛式钻井陀螺侧钻及导向钻井防碰技术

本文介绍渤海辽东湾实验区AI平台丛式定向井最后钻完的3口侧钻绕障井。在有邻井和本井套管磁干扰情况下,特别是与邻井间距最小仅为0.6m,采用陀螺定向侧钻以及导向钻井技术相结合,安全顺利的钻完了这3口井。总结和介绍了侧钻、防碰的工艺特声,以及安全措施。研究和分析了使用陀螺定向侧钻,钻速与造斜率,井眼轨迹合理控制等问题。     

中低纬过渡地区潜热影响下中尺度扰动的对称发展

本文引入第二科里奥利参数讨论了中低纬过渡地区含非绝热(潜热)作用的对称扰动波包发展问题。结果表明:这一地区扰动波包的发展不仅包含了中高纬度波包发展条件［1］，而且与潜热和基本风场梯度经向切变及波包传播的非垂直性有关。过渡地区基本风场的作用是通过第一和第二科里奥利参数完成的。     

Study on terrestiral noise in data of geomagnetic total field in North China

The terrestrial noise in the differencial data of geomagnetic total field recorded at 21h in North China was fitted by using the geomagnetic vector data from Beijing Observatory. The terrestrial noise level and its spatial feature in this region was discussed. A method, which may be useful for justifying the quality of fitting, was provided in this paper. The analysis indicates that the terrestrial noise is one of the important noise in tectonomagnetic study. It is shown that the susceptibility effect is quite small and the orientation effect is the main component in the terrestrial noise in North China. The rough spatial feature of the magnetic anomaly in crustal substance was infered from the spatial feature of terrestrial noise. The measurement precision and the source noise level of data at 21h in this region were obtained in the analysis of residual noise. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 441–447, 1993.     

Determining short-term changes in the hydraulic properties of a sandy-loam soil by a three-run infiltration experiment

ABSTRACT

Soil structure-dependent parameters can vary rapidly as a consequence of perturbing events such as intense rainfall. Investigating their short-term changes is therefore essential to understand the general behaviour of a porous medium. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the effects of wetting, perturbation and recovery processes through different sequences of Beerkan infiltration experiments performed on a sandy-loam soil. Two different three-run infiltration experiments (LHL and LLL) were carried out by pouring water at low (L, non-perturbing) and high (H, perturbing) heights above the soil surface and at short time intervals (hours, days). The results demonstrate that the proposed method allows one to capture short-term variations in soil structure-dependent parameters. The developed methodology is expected to simplify the parameterization of hydrological models with temporally variable soil hydraulic properties.     

利用卫星光谱分析技术进行断层逸出气体监测

在不少震例中,临震前地壳出现气体异常,震前地下岩石受力产生裂隙,隐藏在地层中的CO2、CH4等温室气体逸出地表或水面。利用卫星光谱分析技术对断层逸出气体组分含量和总量进行监测,筛选出能够反应地震孕育过程中地下逸出气体异常演化特征的参数,建立地震短期预测的动态演化方法。对于认识震前地表气体异常机理,了解流体震兆的演变规律与这些气体异常的动态关系,改善卫星遥感地震预测,是很必要的。     

具有地震抑制功能的结构主动控制算法与仿真分析

提出了一种具有地震抑制功能的结构抗震主动控制算法。其特点是设计一组状态反馈控制律，使得闭环结构系统在具有希望极点的同时，还能够减小结构地震输人的影响。首先，在特征结构配置参数化方法的基础上，将该控制问题转化为一个含有约束条件的优化问题；其次，给出了求解该问题的算法及实施步骤，该方法直接基于结构系统原始矩阵，不涉及系统的增广或变换，便于工程应用；最后，对地震作用下三层剪切型Benchmark结构模型进行了仿真分析，结果表明本文所提具有地震干扰抑制功能算法的有效性。     

High-resolution paleoecological analysis of recent disturbance in a southern Chilean Nothofagus forest

A 1600 year paleoecological record of environmental change is developed from a small lake in the Nothofagus forest of southern Chile (45.5°S, 72°W). High resolution fossil pollen, charcoal, sedimentological, and chrysophycean stomatocyst analyses are used to investigate the impacts of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on terrestrial and lacustrine environments. Chronological control is based on a combination of ²¹⁰Pb and ¹⁴C dating. Temporal resolution during the past 150–200 yr is ca. 8 yr/sample. The macroscopic charcoal record correlates very closely with historical and dendroecological records of 20th century anthropogenic burning in this region. The chrysophyte stratigraphy indicates that this burning had immediate impacts on the lake itself, while the pollen record provides evidence for a succession of vegetation changes lagging slightly behind the disturbance. These palynological changes are very similar to the pollen signal of European disturbance in northeastern North America. Pre-European shifts in chrysophyte assemblages may be due to the influence of earthquake activity on the lake, though there is no corroborative evidence in the pollen or charcoal records. This study demonstrates that high resolution paleoecological methods can be used to help bridge the temporal gap between traditional ecological and paleoecological studies of environmental change in the temperate forests of southern South America.