顾及双程声径的常梯度声线跟踪水下定位算法

高精度水下声学定位通常采用声线跟踪定位算法,但传统的声线跟踪方法一般针对单程声径进行声线弯曲改正,未能顾及船载换能器在声信号往返过程中发生的位移,导致海底应答器定位解算时引入系统性偏差,从而降低海底点定位精度。针对此问题,本文提出一种顾及双程声径的分层常梯度声线跟踪水下定位算法。该方法结合水下声信号实际传播路径,根据换能器在声信号发射和接收时刻的位置,构建双程声径水下定位模型,采用顾及双程声径的分层常梯度声线跟踪算法进行解算。采用圆走航观测与交叉十字观测的海上实测数据对方法进行了验证,结果表明,本文方法能显著提高水下定位精度。     

GPSRTK与数字测深集成技术在航道疏浚中的应用

针对目前航道疏浚、兴建港口等水下测量任务众多,以某航道疏浚工程为例,阐述RTK与数字测深仪集成技术在水下地形测量中的应用,介绍断面法计算疏浚工程量的方法,并得出一定的技术结论,对类似的工程项目具有借鉴意义。     

Sound propagation in two-axis underwater channel based on beam-displacement ray-mode theory

Sound propagation in a deep ocean two-axis underwater channel is often complex and difficult to simulate between surface channel and sound fixing and ranging (SOFAR) channel. The beam-displacement ray-mode (BDRM) theory is a normal mode method for propagation modeling in horizontally stratified shallow water. An improved method for computing the upper boundary reflection coefficient in the BDRM is proposed and applied to calculate the acoustic fields of a two-axis underwater channel. Transmission losses in the two-axis underwater channel are calculated in the new BDRM. The corresponding results are in good agreement with those from the Kraken code, and furthermore the computed speed of the new BDRM excels the other methods.     

The effects of spatial targeting of fishing effort on the distribution of the Norway lobster,Nephrops norvegicus,on the Farn Deeps grounds,northeast England

Nephrops norvegicus is an essentially sedentary species of lobster that forms the basis of valuable fisheries in the northwest Atlantic and western Mediterranean. Fishers exploiting a sedentary stock are likely to visit the most profitable (highest catch rate) areas first. Such spatial targeting of fishing effort is likely to have important consequences for stock monitoring and assessment. We used underwater television surveys of Nephrops burrow densities on the Farn Deeps grounds, northeast England, to describe changes in abundance and distribution between the beginning and end of a winter fishing season. Above a threshold of c. 0.6 burrows m^–2, overwinter depletion increased with burrow density, consistent with fishing effort being targeted at the highest densities. A simple simulation model showed that this pattern of mortality is an expected consequence of spatially targeted fishing behaviour. The model also predicted that there is decreased spatial variability in density after fishing. An overall decrease in variability was not evident from the survey data, but geostatistical analysis indicated that there was “flattening” of the density profile along a north‐south axis, consistent with the dominant direction of commercial trawling. We concluded that Nephrops fishers are able to find and exploit the highest densities of their target species. A potential consequence is that catch per unit effort (CPUE) data used to monitor trends in this stock potentially could mask declines in stock abundance. CPUE might be more effective if analysed at finer spatial scales, but this is not currently possible. In the absence of these fine scale commercial data, fishery‐independent surveys (e.g., underwater television) are an important source of information on trends in stock abundance.     

仿鱼尾推进小型水下航行器设计与模型试验研究

以蓝鳍金枪鱼为蓝本,进行了仿鱼尾推进小型水下航行器方案设计与模型制作,包括设计主体外形、主体结构及安装形式、传动机构、尾鳍形状等。在水池中开展了自航实验,测定了尾鳍的摆幅、频率、形状及刚度对航速的影响,结果表明在相同条件下提高尾鳍摆动频率或增大尾鳍摆幅,能提高水下航行器的速度;当采用柔性尾鳍时,航行器的速度明显增加。     

确定水下磁性体位置的一个实例

详细介绍了利用磁法勘探确定水下磁性体位置的一个具体实例。利用化极后磁异常的最大值位置确定水下磁性体中心的水平位置;运用插值切割法确定其中心埋深,这2种方法在这一实例上取得了较好的效果。     

辫状河三角洲水下分流河道储层特征

以海安南地区堡1断块泰州组一段为例,在岩石薄片和压汞资料分析的基础上,从砂体的内部结构入手对水下分流河道储层特征进行了研究,将泰一段储层的孔隙结构划分为三种类型。经研究表明：泰一段辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体内部结构单元为典型的中一低孔、中一低渗储层,碎屑组份成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低,储层孔隙类型以次生孔隙为主,原生孔隙较不发育;填隙物为泥质杂基和碳酸盐矿物胶结物,属长石岩屑质砂岩和岩屑长石质砂岩;成岩作用主要发育压实作用、胶结交代作用和溶解溶蚀作用等,塑性颗粒的变形、碎屑颗粒的破裂甚至错断、石英次生加大、方解石及铁白云石交代碎屑组份、溶蚀现象等均较普遍。对各结构单元孔隙结构类型参数分析表明,水下分流河道内部结构单元河道主体砂岩储集性能好于河道侧缘,认为岩相类型和沉积环境是影响储层物性的原生因素。     

一种基于stop-and-go改进的MCMA盲均衡算法

修正的常数模算法(MCMA)可以纠正相位旋转,但剩余稳态误差较大.在stop-and-go架构的基础上,提出了基于stop-and-go改进的MCMA算法.首先将局部信息量引入MCMA的误差函数,然后运用stop-and-go减少错误均衡的思想,使算法的均衡方向与MCMA保持一致,以降低剩余稳态误差.仿真结果表明,基于stop-and-go改进的MCMA盲均衡算法在保证了收敛速度的同时,码间干扰比MCMA算法降低了10 dB.     

广西钦州港二期码头抛石基床的水下爆夯

爆夯是一种利用炸药爆炸法夯实基础的新技术,近年来被广泛地应用于码头建设。笔者介绍了广西钦州港二期码头抛石基床的爆夯设计和实施。结果表明,基床爆夯达到了预期效果,水下爆夯的平均沉降率为12.7%。同时,爆夯过程中,一期码头的振动值小于安全阈值,保证了一期码头的安全,为类似工程提供了借鉴。     

一种水下激光成像的新方法

在我国沿海近岸,急需通过激光同步扫描方法建立1套浑水观测系统,解决水下视觉问题。本文研究了激光在水下的传输特性,结合散射光的分布特性,确定同步扫描的光学结构设计,通过对获得的系统各类信号特性的分析,设计合适的成像系统;并从理论和水池试验两方面分别论证了这种系统消除散射影响的有效性;论述了这种系统在浑水中的宽视角场和全景深的优良特性。