The chemical anomalous behaviors of water-marble rock system under action of ultrasound

By the experiment, it is confirmed that water-marble rock system shows obviously chemical anomalous behaviors: the relevant minerals which formed marble rock are resolved fast, water becomes alkaline, meanwhile H₂ emission appears under action of ultrasound; based on rock identification by microscope and chemical analysis of water and rock, the mechanism of above chemical reaction is analyzed and discussed. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15 498–507, 1993. This study was supported by the Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation.     

超声成像技术在大西洋鲑早期性别及发育期鉴别的应用研究

采用KX-5100便携式B超机(7.5MHz高频线阵探头)对273尾1龄或2龄大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)的性别及性腺发育阶段进行了检测,同时对检测的大西洋鲑进行了解剖和取样,利用组织学观察法验证了超声成像技术对大西洋鲑雌雄性别和发育阶段的鉴别结果。研究结果显示:利用超声成像技术鉴别雌、雄大西洋鲑的平均准确率为86%,且鉴别雌鱼的准确率(93%)较雄鱼(81%)高。超声成像技术鉴别Ⅱ期+Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期、Ⅴ期卵巢的准确率分别为87%、92%和100%,鉴别Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期、Ⅴ期精巢的准确率分别为64%、71%、86%和84%。总体看来,超声成像技术鉴别早期性腺(Ⅱ期~Ⅲ期)发育的准确率较低,仅为75%,而对晚期性腺(Ⅳ期~Ⅴ期)发育鉴别的准确率较高,达到89%。     

海藻中EPA,DHA萃取技术的比较研究

在优化条件下比较了溶剂法（SE）、超声强化溶剂法（USE）、超临界CO2法（SFE）及超声强化超临界CO2法（USFE）从海藻中提取EPA和DHA。研究表明，超声对溶剂提取和超临界流体萃取过科都具有强化作用。超声强化溶剂提取过程，使提取时间缩短1h，提取温度低10℃，EPA，DHA提取率分别提高16．61％，16．41％，而且溶剂用量少。超声强化超临界萃取过程，萃取系统的压力降低了5MPa、萃取温度和萃取时间分别由45℃，210min降至35℃，180min，EPA和DHA萃取率分别提高15．09％和15．96％。UV与GC-MS分析结果表明，实验条件下，超声场的加入没有改变EPA，DHA的结构。     

超声与CT对甲状腺结节良恶性诊断价值的对比分析

目的:对比研究超声与CT对甲状腺结节良恶性的诊断价值,提高诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的准确率。方法:以我院于2011年1月-2014年12月收治的120例甲状腺结节患者的完整病历资料为分析对象。所有患者在两周内先后进行超声和CT检查,保留有完整的图像检查结果,且术后均经病理学证实。应用超声和CT对甲状腺结节良恶性的诊断价值进行评价。结果:超声联合CT诊断的敏感度、特异度和准确率分别为83.17%、93.06%和92.77%,明显高于超声和CT;误诊率和漏诊率分别为9.03%和15.62%,明显低于超声和CT(P<0.05)。结论:超声应该作为诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的首选方法,但超声和CT诊断各有优缺点,应该联合应用超声和CT对甲状腺结节进行定性,从而提高诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的准确率。      

超声散射CT技术发展综述

概述超声散射CT（computed tomography）理论的发展过程,分别对X射线CT技术、医学超声CT技术、无散射超声CT技术及超声衍射CT技术相关理论的发展、基本思想及优缺点进行了概述,介绍了主要用于工业超声CT检测的超声散射CT技术的基本概念,特点及意义等。散射超声CT技术不仅不需要反投影重构,而且在一定程度上弥补了线性超声CT方法由于线性假设或弱散射假设带来的不足,具有广阔的应用前景。     

冠脉CTA与血管内超声对冠脉临界病变血管狭窄程度诊断价值对比研究

目的:探讨冠脉CTA对冠脉临界病变管腔狭窄程度的诊断价值。方法:对2670例患者行DSCTA检查,其中158例在两周内行CAG检查,41例判定为冠脉临界病变行IVUS检查,配对比较DSCTA和IVUS两种检查方法所得冠脉狭窄的结果有无差异。以IVUS测量结果为标准,比较DSCTA诊断冠脉临界病变的价值。结果:入组33例患者,其中男性14例,女性19例,平均年龄65.8岁,涉及冠脉41个节段。比较DSCTA和IVUS测量冠脉狭窄指标MLA和PB的结果,两种检查方法无统计学差异(P>0.05)。以IVUS为金标准,MLA以4 mm2为临界值,得出DSCTA诊断冠脉MLA的敏感性为69.2%,特异性为92.9%,阳性预测值为81.8%,阴性预测值为86.7%。结论:DSCTA作为一种无创性冠状动脉成像方法,简便经济,能较准确地判断冠脉临界病变,减少不必要的CAG和IVUS检查。      

Experimental study on ultrasonic propagation in water-based bentonite slurry

Drilling fluid is a common flushing medium used in pile foundation, geological drilling and petroleum drilling. Study on ultrasonic propagation properties in drilling fluid is of vital importance, not only for developing equipments to non-contact measuring concrete casting level for bored pile, but also for developing equip- ments considering drilling fluid as signal channel. The existence of clay particles makes the ultrasonic propagation and attenuation in drilling fluid much different from pure water. In order to know the relation among ultrasound frequency, slun-y density and depth, a series of laboratory experiments about ultrasound propagation in water-based bentonite slurry were finished. Wavelet method was adopted to process the gained original waves of ultrasonic propagation in slurry, so we knew the velocity and attenuation coefficient of ultrasound propagated in different drilling fluids with different density. The first group experiments shows that with density of drilling fluid increase, ultrasonic velocity will decrease but attenuation coefficient will increase if ultrasonic frequency keep constant. The second group experiments shows that the power of ultrasound will intensify in small bore hole, the attenuation coefficient is much smaller than theoretical value.     

Ultrasound Accelerated Oxidation of Organic Dyes by a Micron‐Sized Copper/Peroxomonosulfate System

Experiments on the degradation of acid orange 7 (AO7) using micron‐sized zero‐valent copper (ZVC) are conducted in acidic aqueous solution under ultrasonic (US) irradiation. The US/ZVC/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) process for AO7 degradation is significantly better than that of an independent system. Based on the characterization of ZVC, it is observed that the corrosion speed of ZVC increases after ultrasound, owing to which a greater amount of Cu⁺ (0–3.03 mg L^?1) and Cu²⁺ are produced. Exposure to US irradiation increases the available surface area of the catalysts to generate many new reactive sites for the degradation process. The AO7 degradation rate after the addition of a new copper reagent—neocuproine hemihydrate—from 6.33% to 100% proved that Cu⁺ is the main activator of PMS. Results indicated that free radicals (OH^? and SO₄^??) act as activators of PMS in the process. And higher ultrasound power, lower solution pH, and a larger ZVC dose are favorable for AO7 removal.     

基于B超成像的泥沙起动流速测量方法

床面上泥沙颗粒的起动测量一直是泥沙运动规律研究的难题。为此,提出了一种基于B超成像技术的泥沙起动流速测量方法。在模型试验水槽中,该方法利用B超仪获取水下地形及其附近粒子的运行图像,通过图像处理技术分析统计床面附近运动粒子的成像光斑个数,并分析其与流速之间的关系。结果表明,B超成像光斑个数在泥沙起动过程中存在一个突变过程,且该突变过程与泥沙起动运动相对应,可用来判定泥沙起动及其对应的起动流速,并利用该流速下的床面地形变化验证了该方法的正确性。该方法具有无扰动无干扰、适合于清水和浑水、易于实现自动化测量的特点。