两层正压准平衡海洋模型的中纬度自由涡旋波动解

建立了具有瑞利摩擦且仅考虑大洋西海岸或同时考虑大洋东、西海岸的两层正压准平衡海洋模型,并做了解析求解,用以研究中纬度的自由涡旋波。得到的主要结论有:模型中该波动的解为波包。在仅考虑大洋西海岸时该波包的载频频率是连续谱;而同时考虑大洋东、西海岸时其为离散谱;且均有载频频率越高(周期越短)水平尺度越大的特点,对过分低频的波动,则会使准平衡的假定不再适用。模型中该波动波包载频的周期约在26天至24年。因考虑了摩擦,该波包的振幅随时间呈指数衰减,但摩擦系数的大小仅影响其衰减程度而不改变其空间结构,最终该波包振幅趋于0,故该两层正压海洋模型的解就趋于大气风场的强迫特解。模型中该波包的载频都是西传的;频率较高则西传较快,波包的特性和变形都很明显;频率低,则西传慢,其波形接近平面简谐波。在该两层正压模型中,该波动上层流场与正压模型中的流动类似,而下层海洋流动则其流速与上层海洋相同,而流向相反。该模型中该波动的性质是准平衡(准无辐散)的涡旋波,当摩擦不太大且其水平尺度在10km以上时,其性质则为准地转的Rossby波。     

Thermal diffusivity of light-emitting diode packaging material determined by photoacoustic piezoelectric technique

Thermal property is one of the most important properties of light-emitting diode (LED). Thermal property of LED packaging material determines the heat dissipations of the phosphor and the chip surface, accordingly having an influence on the light-emitting efficiency and the life-span of the device. In this paper, photoacoustic piezoelectric (PAPE) technique has been employed to investigate the thermal properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and silicon dioxide, which are the new and the traditional packaging materials in white LED, respectively. Firstly, the theory of PAPE technique has been developed for two-layer model in order to investigate soft materials; secondly, the experimental system has been set up and adjusted by measuring the reference sample; thirdly, the thermal diffusivities of PVA and silicon dioxide are measured and analysed. The experimental results show that PVA has a higher thermal diffusivity than silicon dioxide and is a better packaging material in the sense of thermal diffusivity for white LED.     

Air-Sea Exchange of Volatile Organic Compounds: A New Model with Microlayer Effects

The authors propose a new “three-layer” conceptual model for the air-sea exchange of organic gases, which includes a dynamic surface microlayer with photochemical and biological processes. A parameterization of this three-layer model is presented, which was used to calculate the air-sea fluxes of acetone over the Pacific Ocean. The air-sea fluxes of acetone calculated by the three-layer model are in the same direction but possess half the magnitude of the fluxes calculated by the traditional two-layer model in the absence of photochemical and biological processes. However, photochemical and biological processes impacting acetone in the microlayer can greatly vary the calculated fluxes in the three-layer model, even reversing their direction under favorable conditions. Our model may help explain the discrepancies between measured and calculated acetone fluxes in previous studies. More measurements are needed to validate our conceptual model and provide constraints on the model parameters.     

利用CHRIS/PROBA数据定量反演草地LAI方法研究

以内蒙古锡林河流域典型草地为研究样区,基于新一代微卫星CHRIS/PROBA高光谱遥感数据,利用双层冠层反射率模型(A two - layer Canopy Reflectance Model,ACRM)定量反演叶面积指数(LAI).首先对高光谱数据进行预处理和统计分析,并结合反演结果对角度信息的敏感性进行分析,确定适...     

地表蒸散遥感反演双层模型的研究方法综述

通过遥感方法反演表面温度来计算地表蒸散量是定量遥感的一个很有潜力的应用领域。这种方法已成功地应用于植被完全覆盖的地表蒸散的监测,然而对于植被稀疏的地区,利用该方法模拟通量和观测通量之间存在很人的差异。产生这种差异的原因是假设辐射表面温度可以用来代替空气动力学温度。在这种假设条件下,植被完全覆盖的地表的通量计算能够得到较为满意的结果,但对于稀疏植被地表却是不成立的。对此,国内外许多学者提出了将土壤和植被分开计算的双层模型以求得到更加准确的通量结果。介绍了当前国内外几种常用的地表蒸散遥感估算双层模型,讨论了这些模型的物理基础和假设并讨论了目前双层模型在计算通量时存在的一些问题和难点,并对今后的工作重点和研究方向提出了建议。     

Magnetic viscosity effect on TEM data of an array with a fixed transmitter loop

In this paper, we present and discuss the results of modeling of the transient induction processes observed at different distances from the center of a transmitter loop in studies of a two-layer earth in which the magnetic susceptibility of the top layer or the base depends on frequency. Profiling graphs (the offset is plotted on the abscissa, and the EMF induced in the receiver coil at a fixed time is plotted on the ordinate) show that the polarity of the EMF changes as the offset increases. For the model with a magnetic layer of any thickness, the polarity of the EMF reverses immediately after the receiver crosses the loop wire. For the model with a magnetic base, the offset at which the EMF polarity reversal occurs is the larger the greater the thickness of the layer. For both models, the EMF at a fixed time depends on the thickness of the layer and the offset. Particularly strong dependence of the EMF on layer thickness or offset is observed near the loop side. Therefore, measurements near the wire make it possible to determine the thickness of the layer in the case where it is much less than the length of the loop side. The overall effect of magnetic relaxation and transient eddy currents leads to the fact that small changes in the layer thickness or offset can lead to a dramatic change in the transient response.     

张力腿平台内孤立波作用特性数值模拟

依据三类内孤立波理论KdV、eK dV和MCC的适用性条件,采用Navier-Stokes方程为流场控制方程,以内孤立波诱导上下层深度平均水平速度作为入口边界条件,建立了两层流体中内孤立波对张力腿平台强非线性作用的数值模拟方法。结果表明,数值模拟所得内孤立波波形及其振幅与相应理论和实验结果一致,并且在内孤立波作用下张力腿平台水平力、垂向力及力矩数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合。研究同时表明,张力腿平台内孤立波载荷由波浪压差力、粘性压差力和摩擦力构成,其中摩擦力很小,可以忽略;水平力的主要成分为波浪压差力和粘性压差力,粘性压差力与波浪压差力相比较小却不可忽略,流体粘性的影响较小;垂向力中粘性压差力很小,流体粘性影响可以忽略。     

The generalized energy equation and instability in the two-layer barotropic vortex

The linear two-layer barotropic primitive equations in cylindrical coordinates are used to derive a gen- eralized energy equation, which is subsequently applied to explain the instability of the spiral wave in the model. In the two-layer model, there are not only the generalized barotropic instability and the super high- speed instability, but also some other new instabilities, which fall into the range of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and the generalized baroclinic instability, when the upper and lower basic flows are different. They are perhaps the mechanisms of the generation of spiral cloud bands in tropical cyclones as well.     

两层流体中内孤立波与潜体相互作用数值模拟

提出基于双推板的内孤立波数值造波方法,对两层流体中内孤立波与潜体的相互作用进行了数值模拟,分析不同潜深下潜体所受的内孤立波载荷特性.结果表明,内孤立波对水下潜体的载荷作用是不可忽视的.特别地,当潜体位于内孤立波中时,其所受的垂向力要远比潜体位于内孤立波下时的大.