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91.
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乌鲁木齐市建设生态城市现状的比较分析及发展对策研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
乌鲁木齐是绿洲城市,自然环境比较脆弱,由于城市建设缺乏生态环境规划,能源消费结构不合理以及特殊的自然地理等原因,致使城市的生态环境问题十分突出,建设生态城市是乌鲁木齐市未来发展的必然选择。从城市生态系统的结构、功能和协调度三个方面构建了生态城市的评价指标体系,采用层次分析法对乌鲁木齐市生态城市建设现状进行了定量分析,同时选择北京、上海、成都、西安、兰州等5个城市的生态化程度进行对比,结果表明:乌鲁木齐市的结构指数为0.241,低于对比的5个城市;功能指数乌鲁木齐为0.271,远低于上海(0.615)、北京(0.466)和兰州(0.343),与西安(0.272)接近,略高于成都(0.222);从城市协调度来看,乌鲁木齐市的指数值为0.306,为6个城市的最小值,生态综合指数由高到低分别为北京(0.580)>上海(0.579)>成都(0.382)>西安(0.380)>兰州(0.360)>乌鲁木齐(0.270),乌鲁木齐市生态化程度为第Ⅳ级,即生态化程度较低,为6个城市中的最低值。总体上为较发达地区城市的生态化程度较高,中西部地区城市的生态化程度较低。乌鲁木齐市建设生态城市应采取的关键对策包括以下几个方面:1、编制城市综合生态区划,做好城市生态规划;2、优化能源结构,大力发展清洁能源;3、建立排污权交易制度,控制大气污染;4、采用边际成本定价方法、制定科学的水价、优化配置水资源;5、合理布局城市景观生态,搞好城市绿化及荒山绿化。 相似文献
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A two dimensional implicit finite volume scheme for solving the shallow-water equations is developed. The effects of the Coriolis force, surface wind stress, and waves are included. A non-uniform rectilinear forward staggered grid is used with Cartesian coordinates. The time integration is performed using the Euler implicit technique. The convective flux is treated using the deferred correction method. The viscous terms are discretized using a second order central difference approximation. The SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations) algorithm is used for coupling the velocity components and the water elevation gradient for the water level correction. The system of equations is solved sequentially using the Strongly Implicit Procedure (SIP). To simulate wave driven current, a phase averaged wave model is used first to simulate wave transformation and calculate radiation stresses. The performance of the developed model is validated for different sources of external forces and different combinations of boundary conditions. The validation cases include tidal circulation in a harbor and wave induced currents behind a breakwater parallel to the coastline. The model is finally applied to simulate the flow pattern in a closed artificial lagoon and along the coastline near Damietta Port located along the Northern coast of Egypt. Results of the developed model agree well with the published results for the considered cases. 相似文献
96.
胶州湾潮汐潮流动边界数值模拟 总被引:11,自引:4,他引:7
基于普林斯顿海洋模式,通过干湿网格判别法引入潮汐潮流的漫滩过程,考虑M2,S2,K1,O1,M4和MS4六个主要分潮,建立了胶州湾潮汐潮流数值模拟和预报模型,研究了该海域潮汐潮流特征,并讨论了漫滩对潮流模拟的影响。与实测资料的对比验证表明,该模式能够对胶州湾的潮汐和潮流做出较为合理的预测。给出了胶州湾潮汐、潮流、余流等分布特征,模拟的潮流场以及余流场涡旋等现象与观测符合良好;计算了潮波能通量,从能量角度探讨了潮波的传播特性;对潮位与潮流场演变规律,以及潮能通量的分析表明,胶州湾内的潮波以驻波为主。通过数值试验发现,漫滩过程的引入对胶州湾潮流速度的模拟至关重要,不考虑漫滩过程的模式会夸大或者低估潮流流速。对于滩涂面积广阔的海域来说,潮流数值模式中考虑漫滩的影响是必要的。 相似文献
97.
Surface current field and seasonal variability in the Kuroshio and adjacent regions derived from satellite-tracked drifter data 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
The muhiyear averaged surface current field and seasonal variability in the Kuroshio and adjacent regions are studied. The data used are trajectories and (1/4) ° latitude by (1/4) ° longitude mean currents derived from 323 Argos drifters deployed by Chinese institutions and world ocean circulation experiment from 1979 to 2003. The results show that the Kuroshio surface path adapts well to the western boundary topography and exhibits six great turnings. The branching occurs frequently near anticyclonic turnings rather than near cyclonic ones. In the Luzon Strait, the surface water intrusion into the South China Sea occurs only in fall and winter. The Kuroshio surface path east of Taiwan, China appears nearly as straight lines in summer, fall, and winter, when anticyclonic eddies coexist on its right side; while the path may cyclonically turning in spring when no eddy exists. The Kuroshio intrusion northeast of Taiwan often occurs in fall and winter, but not in summer. The running direction, width and velocity of the middle segment of the Kuroshio surface currents in the East China Sea vary seasonally. The northward intrusion of the Kuroshio surface water southwest of Kyushu occurs in spring and fall, but not in summer. The northmost position of the Kuroshio surface path southwest of Kyushu occurs in fall, but never goes beyond 31 °N. The northward surface current east of the Ryukyu Islands exists only along Okinawa-Amami Islands from spring to fall. In particular, it appears as an arm of an anti- cyclonic eddy in fall. 相似文献
98.
杭州湾地波雷达观测的海流数据取样率分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据杭州湾口区两台地波雷达5个半月观测的资料,对其中的3 189个有效观测时次的海流数据取样率(CSR)在空间和时间上的变化规律进行了分析,结果表明,在两台雷达波交叉观测的中心区域各测点的地波雷达观测的海流数据取样率高于外围区域,在中心区域海流数据取样率可达98%以上,向外围区域海流数据取样率逐渐平缓递减,到边缘区域海流数据取样率仅在20%以下;地波雷达观测的海流数据取样率有明显的日变化,白天海流数据取样率明显低于夜间;17时海流数据平均取样率达到最低值(约49%),然后很快上升,至02时达最高值(约74%),然后再缓慢下降至17时为止。同时在10时和20时地波雷达观测的海流数据取样率呈现两个相对低值点,可能与人们在这两个时段通讯繁忙所造成的干扰有一定的关系。海流流速对地波雷达观测的海流数据取样率也有较大影响,呈负相关,流速大时海流数据取样率比流速小时的要低,在海流数据取样率大于98%的中心区域,流速和海流数据取样率的相关系数小于-0.8,在海流数据取样率大于60%的区域,流速和海流数据取样率的相关系数小于-0.6,体现明显的相互关联。地波雷达观测的海流数据取样率和潮汐有着每日4次的良好相干,而似乎和风没有显著的关系。希望这些分析对地波雷达以后的推广使用能积累一些经验和参考意见。 相似文献
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100.
Tidal current observation in the southern Yellow Sea in the summers of 2001 and 2003 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Direct current observations in the Yellow Sea interior are very scarce due to intense fishing and trawling activities. Most previous studies on tides in the area were based on coastal measurements or satellite altimeter sea levels and have not been rigorously compared with direct measurements. In this paper, tidal currents are studied with current profiles from three bottom-moored Sontek Acoustic Doppler Profilers (ADPs) deployed in the southern Yellow Sea in summer of 2001 and 2003. The measured current series were dominated by tidal currents. Maximum velocities are between 40-80 cm/s at the mooring stations. M2 current is the most dominant primary tidal constituent, while MS4 and M4 are the most significant shallow water tides with much smaller amplitudes than the primary tides. 相似文献