西南某水电站中缓倾裂隙特征及发育模式分析

本文在大量的裂隙调查基础上,总结分析了西南某水电站坝址区中缓倾裂隙的地质特征,阐释了中缓倾裂隙的形成机制和发育模式。通过统计分析,结果表明:(1)岩坡中缓倾裂隙总体与岸坡大体平行,是河谷下切伴生的岸坡应力分异和卸荷回弹形成的表生压致拉裂破裂体系; (2)岸坡的形成是河谷多期次下切的结果,河谷下切坡度变陡,后期形成的中缓倾裂隙亦相对早期宽缓河谷形成的中缓倾裂隙倾角增大,河谷侧向偏移致使凸岸坡体更有利于保存早期裂隙,因此凸岸坡体中上部多见中倾裂隙与缓倾裂隙同时存在现象; (3)峡谷的形成总体是间歇性快速下切,相对稳定阶段岸坡形成表生中缓倾裂隙,快速下切期间以河谷垂向卸荷为主,由此形成与间歇性快速下切各阶段相对应的裂隙密集区和裂隙稀疏区的间断分布。     

不同约束方式下膨胀套管的旋转膨胀有限元分析

基于LS-DYNA动态有限元分析,建立了旋转拟合方式的膨胀套管模型,并模拟了整个膨胀过程。通过对套管不同约束方式的模拟结果分析发现,旋转拟合膨胀所需膨胀力为实心锥反拉膨胀的1/5左右,在不同约束方式下膨胀套管轴向长度的变化规律也不同：上约束方式下,套管长度先略有减少后稳定增加;下约束方式下,轴向长度一直减少。该规律通过对Φ95 mm套管的实际旋转膨胀试验得到验证,证明了模拟情况的可信性。     

钢管混凝土短柱隔震装置的试验与隔震结构仿真分析

本文阐述了钢管混凝土短柱装置的工作原理,给出了装置的构造,对隔震装置的试验结果进行了详细分析,并对传统结构模型与隔震结构模型的对比实验作了仿真计算与分析．从计算结果可知,钢管混凝土基底隔震装置具有良好的隔震性能和推广使用价值。     

基于OpenSEES的FRP加固装配式梁柱节点抗震性能研究

为研究FRP加固对装配式梁柱节点及整体框架结构抗震性能的影响,本文基于OpenSEES有限元程序,建立了某装配式梁柱节点的有限元计算模型,以相关试验为基础,比较验证了所建有限元模型的可靠性。同时选用合适的FRP约束混凝土本构关系来表征FRP对混凝土性能的提升作用,设计3种装配式梁柱节点FRP加固方案,并通过有限元数值模拟,分析比较了节点承载力、滞回曲线和位移延性的差异,考察了FRP包裹层数等因素对节点承载力的影响。随后对装配式框架结构设计了3种FRP加固方式,并选取3条地震波进行结构动力时程分析以考察结构抗震性能。结果表明：FRP环向包裹加固及纵向加固能分别有效提高节点的延性能力和承载能力;FRP加固的装配式框架结构具有更好的延性及耗能能力,能有效增强结构的整体抗震性能,为装配式结构FRP加固设计提供参考。     

Fragility function development and seismic loss assessment of expansion joints

Expansion joints are used as a special connection equipment between adjacent buildings to accommodate the relative motions generated by wind, thermal, or earthquake loads, but they often exhibit damage during severe earthquakes. The level of damage and safety factors required to avoid loss of function are not well considered in current design practices. The objective of this paper is to provide quantitative information on the seismic damage probability of common expansion joints and the associated repair costs. The designer and engineer can refer to this information as a basis for decision making in the selection of expansion joints. Four common types of expansion joints are considered: high- and standard-performance floor and wall expansion joints, whose damage states have been evaluated recently by the authors through shaking table tests. First, the fragility functions of expansion joints for seven damage patterns are developed utilizing the test results. Next, the vulnerability of expansion joints installed between adjacent building models is assessed via incremental dynamic analysis. The recommended level of safety factor to ensure the function of expansion joints is discussed. Finally, a procedure for cost-effective selection of expansion joints is introduced, where case studies are examined using buildings with different characteristics. The presented results are deemed to be beneficial for improving the design practice of expansion joints and for reducing future seismic loss.     

Analytical modeling of monolithic joints in concrete bridges

The behavior of bridge monolithic connections is modeled using a simplified mathematical model that accounts for stress equilibrium, compatibility of deformations, and the state of bond of longitudinal column bars anchored through the joint panel. In this regard, a stress gradient factor is introduced, to model the profile of bar stresses along the anchorage. To establish this factor, two independent mechanisms of stress transfer are considered: a bond mechanism between the anchored bars and the surrounding concrete and a friction mechanism between the anchored bars and the transverse bars that enclose and restrain the anchorages. The model is used for calculation of the shear stress–shear strain relationship of all tests found in the international literature on bridge monolithic connections that showed shear type of failure under simulated seismic loading. Joint strength values calculated with the proposed model are compared with the experimental results. Based on this comparison the proposed model is verified for use in interpretation of bridge monolithic connection behavior and design.     

方钢管混凝土柱与钢梁半刚性连接节点的恢复力本构模型

本文在试验研究和有限元模型修正的基础上,对两类方钢管混凝土柱与钢梁半刚性连接节点——缀板连接节点和穿芯螺栓-端板连接节点进行反复荷载作用下的非线性有限元参数分析,结果表明：影响缀板连接节点转动性能的主要因素是缀板的厚度,影响穿芯螺栓-端板连接节点转动性能的主要困索是端板厚度和螺栓直径等。进而通过回归分析建立了上述两类节点弯矩-转角恢复力模型的简化计算公式,可供工程设计与数值简化计算参考。     

新型混合结构体系在超高层建筑的应用研究

结合广州珠江新城西塔实际工程,对巨型钢管混凝土斜交网格外筒+钢筋混凝土内筒的新型混合结构体系进行了比例为1:50的微粒混凝土模型振动台试验及4根钢管混凝土柱X形相贯节点试验,探讨了体外预应力的施加对结构整体受力性能的影响。研究结果表明,结构模型在7度罕遇地震作用下基本可保持弹性,在8度罕遇地震作用后稍有损伤;交角对节点最终破坏形成区域及承载力影响较大,各节点的承载力均能满足设计要求;体外预应力的施加能有效地抵抗节点层平面内向外的推力,充分利用构件的受力性能。     

考虑火灾全过程的钢管混凝土组合框架力学性能初步研究

为进一步研究真实火灾工况下钢管混凝土组合框架的抗火性能,基于有限元软件ABAQUS建立了单层单跨圆形钢管混凝土柱-组合梁平面框架经历火灾全过程的数值分析模型。通过合理选取热工参数,进行了组合框架在ISO-834标准升降温曲线下的热传分析,研究了组合框架钢管混凝土柱与组合梁截面温度场的变化规律;在热传模型的基础上,通过合理选取材料本构模型、单元类型、边界条件以及网格划分等,对经历常温加载、升温、降温以及火灾后的钢管混凝土柱-组合梁平面框架的力学性能进行初步探讨。结果表明,由于钢筋混凝土楼板在受火过程中的吸热与约束作用使组合框架在受火后仍具有较高承栽力。该方法可进一步完善钢管混凝土结构抗火分析理论,也可供实际工程应用参考。     

新西海桥的非线性地震响应分析

本文讨论了日本第一座公路钢管混凝土拱桥——主跨230m的新西海桥的非线性地震响应特性。采用三维有限元计算模型,用纤维单元法考虑钢管混凝土的材料非线性,用P-δ效应考虑几何非线性,讨论了在纵桥向地震作用、横桥向地震作用以及纵、横桥两方向同时作用情况下该桥的非线性地震响应特性和抗震性能。计算表明,在纵桥向地震作用时轴力的作用显著,拱脚附近产生的内力较大;而横桥向地震作用时轴力和面外弯矩作用显著,拱脚以及拱肋与桥面连接附近产生的内力较大;横向地震响应远大于纵向地震响应;应考虑纵、横桥向地震力共同作用的影响。