三向应力状态下单结构面岩石试样破坏机制与真三轴试验研究

针对含结构面岩石的脆性破坏现象,探讨了三向应力条件下岩体破坏的单结构面控制效应。利用真三轴试验进行验证,系统研究了单结构面岩石试样在模拟工程岩体开挖卸荷与支护应力路径下的力学行为、结构控制规律及声发射（AE）特征等。研究表明,(1) 三向应力下单结构面控制效应能够较好地描述工程岩体的结构控制规律和卸荷、支护作用,真三轴试验结果与理论分析较为吻合;(2) 开挖卸荷与支护应力路径下,含结构面岩体的破坏模式、卸荷的影响和支护效果等均与应力状态、支护强度及结构面参数有关,可依据结构控制规律,从工程方位布置、提供合理支护等方面采取措施避免岩体发生结构控制破坏;(3) 试样的AE活动和能量释放规律与完整试样相似,但结构面的存在降低了试样储能能力,且95 %以上的应变能在破坏阶段突然释放。试验研究和结构面控制效应的探讨对地下工程岩体开挖支护有一定的指导意义。     

The effects of intermediate principle stress on the mechanical behavior of transversely isotropic rocks: Insights from DEM simulations

The discrete element method (DEM) is used to study the response of anisotropic rocks under true triaxial testing. Numerical samples of seven different bedding orientations (β = 0^o, 15^o, 30^o, 45^o, 60^o, 75^o, and 90^o) are created. Six series of test simulations (σ₃ = 0, 10, 30, 50, 70, and 100 MPa) are conducted on each sample, with five different σ₂ values, varied from σ₃ to σ₁. The effects of anisotropy and intermediate stress on the peak strength, brittle-ductile transition, and degree of anisotropy are subsequently explained through underlying micromechanics. Results show a “fan-shaped” variation of the peak strength with σ₂, displaying an ascending-then-descending trend. An increasing brittleness with σ₂ is observed at lower confining pressures for all, but medium anisotropy angles. For higher confining pressures, increasing ductility with σ₂ is seen for every anisotropy angle. A U-shaped variation of peak strength with anisotropy angles is noted that flattens under high intermediate stress. Hence, for numerical models of Posidonia shale under normalized σ₂ higher than 0.76, the anisotropy effect is found to be negligible. Micromechanical analyses reveal that the stress asymmetry, suppression of weak plane action as well as the localization and coalescence of microcracks in the intact rock matrix, due to σ₂, are the contributors towards the obtained trends. Since existing failure criteria do not weigh in these features in geotechnical assessments, this paper helps future studies by providing a deeper understanding of these effects and a comprehensive data set for the analyses of anisotropic rocks under polyaxial stress conditions.     

考虑中主应力变化的原状黄土变形特性研究

为研究在高围压条件下考虑中主应力变化的原状黄土变形特性,利用西安理工大学真三轴仪对原状黄土进行了控制固结围压和中主应力b值的等b等p(p为球应力)剪切试验,试验给出了高围压条件下各主应变之间的关系,得到了不同高围压条件下的破坏应变与不同b值阶段的影响规律。结果表明：高围压条件下,所有b值阶段的ε₃均为膨胀变形;b=0.2为中主应变变形临界点,0≤b<0.2为中主应变膨胀变形,0.22)、小主应变的b值敏感度K(ε₃)和广义应变的b值敏感度K(ε_s)在b值为0～0.7之间均增长,0.7～0.9之间受b值变化影响减弱,0.9～1.0受b值变化影响最大。K(ε_v)基本在0～5范围内,说明在不同中主应力阶段破坏体应变受b值变化的影响程度较小。     

接地电阻测试影响因素分析

通过对防雷检测过程中经常出现的接地电阻读数不稳定、甚至出现测试结果为负值情况的分析,探讨除仪器内在因素之外影响接地电阻偏离真值的原因,并结合实际提出检测过程中避免和减少接地电阻偏离的方法。     

真实自回避行走中晶体生长界面结构的分形行为

晶体生长过程实际上就是生长基元从周围环境中不断地通过界面而进入晶格座位的过程。一般认为,研究生长基元以何种方式以及如何通过界面进入晶格座位是晶体生长界面结构研究中的关键。在生长基元以分子或者原子的微粒子形式在生长环境中进行无规游走的前提下,本文运用真实自回避行走(TSAW)模型,通过重整化群思想来研究晶体生长界面结构的分形行为。研究发现:晶体生长界面结构的分形行为与生长基元的游走路径形态密切相关,并且在理想状况下真实自回避行走与标准Koch曲线的分形维极为接近。     

风云三号D星真彩色影像合成方法研究及应用

多光谱遥感数据真彩色合成影像具有处理速度快、不依赖其他遥感产品、易于理解判读等特点,其在气象、生态环境、减灾等领域具有不可替代的作用。本文以风云三号D卫星MERSI-Ⅱ传感器数据为例,经过大气校正和非线性拉伸等方法合成了真彩色影像。应用真彩色影像对沙尘、蓝藻、火灾和台风等事件进行监测分析,分析结果表明真彩色影像可以在上述事件中起到识别相关事件的影响范围、事件的发展变化情况等信息的作用。     

Relative hotspot motions versus True Polar Wander

The fixity of hotspots and mantle plume locations has long been axiomatic. If the assumption of fixed hotspots is granted, ‘absolute’ plate motions and movements of the spin axis with respect to the hotspot framework, defined by some as True Polar Wander (TPW), can be determined. However, this assumption can be tested by paleomagnetic data, and such tests are gradually raising some doubts about the fixity of hotspots. The result is that discrepancies between Cretaceous and Tertiary hotspot and paleomagnetic reference frames are now beginning to be interpreted as the result of plume drift within a convective mantle. In the Indo-Atlantic, hotspots have remained relatively stationary with respect to the spin axis for the last 95 million yr. However, the Pacific hotspots, notably Hawaii, appear to have undergone large-scale southward drift with respect to the spin axis during the Early Tertiary. Global paleomagnetic data do not indicate that any TPW occurred during the Late Cretaceous or Tertiary. Although the Early Cretaceous paleomagnetic and hotspot frames for the Indo-Atlantic realm can be interpreted as slow TPW, direct estimates of paleolatitude and hotspot motion, in particular the Kerguelen hotspot, challenge TPW as a global phenomenon. At present, we consider that the large Early Cretaceous discrepancy between hotspot and paleomagnetic data is best explained by southward drift of the Atlantic hotspots prior to ∼95 Ma.     

岩层真厚度计算的新公式

将数学方法与地质实际相结合,严密推导出一个岩层真厚度计算的新公式。与前人公式相比,新公式涵盖了各种可能的情况,形式简单,概念明确,操作方便,利于编写软件用计算机计算．从而避免了复杂的人工判断,不但可减轻人工负荷、提高计算速度,更重要的是避免了出错的可能性．     

测定天文大气折射和建立电磁波折射延迟实测模型(Ⅵ)-瞬时大气折射值和折射率差的取得

根据测定天文大气折射的原理,叙述了利用相应的观测值获得瞬时大气折射测定值和建立大气折射实测模型的途径,并从各种测定值与最后结果之间的关系,指出了这里对数据处理的要求;文章介绍了对测定值进行波长改正和建立折射延迟实测模型的处理方法,分析了改正模型对天文大气折射测定值的分布要求,给出了观测数据随天顶距的增大而加密的分布模型。     

上海黏土强度特性真三轴试验研究

利用自主改造的、大主应力与小主应力方向由刚性加压板加载、中主应力方向由围压室液压加载的自动控制刚柔复合真三轴仪,对上海原状软土进行同一π面上不同洛德角真三轴固结排水剪切试验。原状土样通过分块抽样法获取,共进行了5组不同洛德角（0°、15°、30°、45°和60°）排水剪切试验。试验结果显示,上海原状软土抗剪强度、屈服和破坏点位置随洛德角的增大而减小,体积变化量先增大后减小。三向应力状态下上海软土的破坏强度接近空间滑移面（SMP）破坏准则。