单道扫描电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定珊瑚礁中主量和微量元素

建立了用单道扫描电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定珊瑚礁中主量和微量元素的方法。珊瑚礁样品经酸溶解后,直接进行Ca、Mg、K、Na、V、Sr、Ba、Co、Ni、Pb、Li、Rb的测定,方法检出限为0.0004～0.1mg/L,精密度RSD<5%(n=6),样品的加标回收率为97%～105%。测定w(CaO)为50%的样品,结果与传统的EDTA容量法相符。方法经碳酸盐岩石国家一级标准物质验证可行,已用于大批量的珊瑚礁样品的测定。     

灰色GM(1,1)模型最优维数的研究

灰色GM(1,1)模型的维数对模型的预测精度有很大的影响,本文通过自编的FORTRAN程序,在合适的范围内对GM(1,1)模型的维数进行自动优化,通过对宁波市地面沉降数据的计算分析,得到了C和P的定性关系,确定了优化的评价标准,维数最优化后的模型能反映预测数列变化幅度的大小。     

由电法勘探资料计算地下水矿化度的软件系统

地下水矿化度是划分地下咸淡水的重要参数，过去人们常用手工计算。但由于涉及的参数众多，计算过程烦琐，人工计算不仅速度慢，而且容易出错。一种利用Visual Fortrain和C^ 编制的批量计算地下水矿化度的软件系统，可有效地解决这类烦恼。该系统根据事先由电(磁)测深资料反演出的真电阻率数据，借助水文地质资料划分出不同区块的孔隙度、水质类型及温度等参数，自行判别计算公式，在数秒内可算完一条电(磁)测深剖面下的地下水矿化度。经实际试算，效果令人满意。     

兰州数字遥测地震台网信号传输方式的设计

介绍了地震信号传输的常用方式及各自的优缺点，提出了数字遥测地震台网信号传输方式设计的总原则和基本原则。实际应用表明，兰州数字遥测地震台网信号传输方式的是符合要求的，提出的数字遥测地震台网信号传输方式的总原则和基本原则，对数字遥测地震台网建设有直接的借鉴作用。     

睡莲类植物ITS nrDNA序列的分子系统发育分析

睡莲类植物是目前植物分子系统学与进化研究的一个重要类群。核基因组的ITS区是核核糖体（nrDNA)转录单位的一部分。测定和分析了5个属的7种睡莲类植物的核核糖体ITS序列，并与GenBank中提取的相关序列进行了组合分析，初步获得了睡莲类植物的2个ITS系统树，结果也支持现有分子系统学研究中有关金鱼藻处于较原始位置的观点。     

中国东北样带NDVI的季节变化及其与气候因子的关系

NDVI是研究大尺度生态学问题一个非常有用的指数,它可以为估价全球植被动态模型提供足够的信息.中国东北样带是全球变化研究中首选样带之一,本文分析了分辨率为1km×1km的NDVI年内季节变化的两个特征值:年均NDVI(NDVI-I)和NDVI年内极差(NDVI-MM)在样带内5种不同植被类型间的变化及其与年平均气温和降水量之间的相关关系.结果表明,NDVI具有明显的季节变化格局,NDVI-I和NDVI-MM由东到西均呈下降趋势,NDVI-I与降水量具有显著的线性回归关系,降水量能够解释NDVI-I和NDVI-MM空间变异的绝大部分.这一结果说明NDVI反映了植被沿环境梯度的时空变化格局,可用于监测样带植被对气候变化的响应.     

中国大陆西部及邻区板内8级大地震活动过程和趋势预测初步研究

中国大陆西部及邻区是全球 8级大地震最为活跃的地区之一。自 180 0年以来该区板内 8级大地震共发生了 16次 ,2 0 0 1年昆仑山口西 8.1级大地震 (36 .1°N ,90 .9°E)是在 195 7年蒙古 8.3级大地震之后 4 4a发生的。研究表明该区 8级大地震的活动过程可能存在相对平静 (1812— 190 2年 )和相对活跃 (190 3— 195 7年 )交替的幕式或轮回过程的性质。 195 7年蒙古地震之后可能是一次新的轮回开始 ,2 0 0 1年昆仑山口西地震是新轮回的第二次地震 ,按照轮回过程中事件发生频度是时间的指数函数关系的假定 ,该区下一次 8级大地震可能约在 2 0 2 6年发生。如果假定该过程相当接近泊松过程。那么 ,在 2 0 0 5 ,2 0 10年和 2 0 15年前至少发生一次 8级大地震的泊松概率 ,分别是 0 .2 9,0 .5 3和 0 .70。     

Petrography and uplift history of the Quaternary Takidani Granodiorite: could it have hosted a supercritical (HDR) geothermal reservoir?

The Quaternary Takidani Granodiorite (Japan Alps) is analogous to the type of deep-seated (3–5 km deep) intrusive-hosted fracture network system that might support (supercritical) hot dry/wet rock (HDR/HWR) energy extraction. The I-type Takidani Granodiorite comprises: porphyritic granodiorite, porphyritic granite, biotite-hornblende granodiorite, hornblende-biotite granodiorite, biotite-hornblende granite and biotite granite facies; the intrusion has a reverse chemical zonation, characterized by >70 wt% SiO₂ at its inferred margin and <67 wt% SiO₂ at the core. Fluid inclusion evidence indicates that fractured Takidani Granodiorite at one time hosted a liquid-dominated, convective hydrothermal system, with <380°C, low-salinity reservoir fluids at hydrostatic (mesothermal) pressure conditions. ‘Healed’ microfractures also trapped >600°C, hypersaline (35 wt% NaCl_eq) fluids of magmatic origin, with inferred minimum pressures of formation being 600–750 bar, which corresponds to fluid entrapment at 2.4–3.0 km depth. Al-in-hornblende geobarometry indicates that hornblende crystallization occurred at about 1.45 Ma (7.7–9.4 km depth) in the (marginal) eastern Takidani Granodiorite, but later (at 1.25 Ma) and shallower (6.5–7.0 km) near the core of the intrusion. The average rate of uplift across the Takidani Granodiorite from the time of hornblende crystallization has been 5.1–5.9 mm/yr (although uplift was about 7.5 mm/yr prior to 1.2 Ma), which is faster than average uplift rates in the Japan Alps (3 mm/yr during the last 2 million years). A temperature–depth–time window, when the Takidani Granodiorite had potential to host an HDR system, would have been when the internal temperature of the intrusive was cooling from 500°C to 400°C. Taking into account the initial (7.5 mm/yr) rate of uplift and effects of erosion, an optimal temperature–time–depth window is proposed: for 500°C at 1.54–1.57 Ma and 5.2±0.9 km (drilling) depth; and 400°C at 1.36–1.38 Ma and 3.3±0.8 km (drilling) depth, which is within the capabilities of modern drilling technologies, and similar to measured temperature–depth profiles in other active hydrothermal systems (e.g. at Kakkonda, Japan).     

Seismic risk assessments and GIS technology: applications to infrastructures in the Friuli–Venezia Giulia region (NE Italy)

This paper illustrates the seismic risk preliminary estimates of two different groups of structures located on the territory of the Friuli–Venezia Giulia region (NE Italy) : the first group includes some special industrial plants, and the second group includes bridges and tunnels belonging to the regional highway network. The part of the study on special industrial plants tries to evaluate the degree of expected damage, taking into account their structural typology and ground shaking expressed in terms of macroseismic intensity. The second part of the study is an application of the HAZUS methodology to the tunnels and bridges of a highway network: the combination of expected ground shaking and the construction characteristics lead to very different risk levels, especially when considering the bridges. The resulting damage levels to bridges and tunnels are still only indicative because of the fragility curves used in the evaluations: they were developed for existing bridge and tunnel structural typologies in the U.S.A. Moreover, both examples show the power of GIS technology in storing, elaborating, and mapping spatial data. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.