Fidelity and time resolution of the magnetostratigraphic record in Siwalik sediments: high-resolution study of a complete polarity transition and evidence for cryptochrons in a Miocene fluviatile section

The Surai Khola section in southwest Nepal, a 5000 m continuously exposed record of fluvial sedimentation since Middle Miocene, was revisited for high-resolution magnetostratigraphy in sequences with expected cryptochrons and reversals of the geomagnetic field. Polarity intervals with durations of a few tens of thousands of years are recorded as zones of stable palaeomagnetic directions. Polarity transitions are recorded as zones with complex demagnetization behaviour of specimens in the sedimentary column. Almost antiparallel palaeoremanence directions, residing in different haematite phases in the same specimens, could generally not be separated properly by thermal demagnetization. Differing demagnetization paths for neighbouring specimens during a reversal suggest that measured transitional directions are not true geomagnetic field directions, but rather are generated by the superposition of variable amounts of at least two almost antiparallel components of magnetization. Accompanying studies of recent river sand deposits demonstrate that these sediments acquire a true depositional remanent magnetization (DRM) with considerable inclination errors and scattered directions for individual specimens.     

Thickness estimates of the upper-mantle transition zone from bootstrapped velocity spectrum stacks of receiver functions

We modify the receiver-functions stacking technique known as velocity spectrum stacking (VSS) so as to estimate combinations of velocity model ( V_P and V_S ) and depth that stack the Ps conversion from upper-mantle discontinuities most coherently. We find that by estimating the differences in the depths to the 660 and 410 km discontinuities using velocities that maximize the stacked amplitudes of P410s and P660s phases we can estimate the thickness of the transition zone more accurately than the depths to either of these discontinuities. We present two examples indicating that the transition zone beneath Obninsk, Russia, is 252±6 km thick and that beneath Pasadena, California, is only 220±6 km thick.     

苍山5.2级地震前十里泉电厂井地下水离子多组分的变化特征及机制讨论

１９９５年９月２０日山东苍山５．２级地震前,山东枣庄十里电厂水化学现观测井（Δ＝ｋｍ）水离子多组分出现了较为同步的异常变化。本文以此为基础,分析研究了这些异常的变化特征,讨论了异常出现的机制,研究认为,枣庄十里泉电厂水化学观测井水离子多组分的异常同步变化及相互印证,提高了异常的可信度;与水中常见离子组分相比,其中水汞的震前异常变化幅度最大,异常特征明显;十里泉电厂水化学观测井水离子多组分的同步异常     

天山上地幔结构及其对壳内构造运动的作用

以深部地球物理资料为基础,介绍了天山地震带上地幔的基本结构,讨论了天山不同地区上地幔介质的动力学性质和可能的驱动机制。认为水平挤压形变是造成西天山和天山毗邻西昆仑附近区域上地幔岩石圈缩短和增厚的主要原因;而在中天山和东天山靠近准噶尔盆地南缘一带,除了板块运动造成的水平挤压力之外,上地幔热物质有可能上浮甚至侵入到地壳之中。它们与水平运动一样,对壳内脆性介质的构造活动起到非常重要的作用,特别是地壳底部莫霍面附近的低速滑脱层成为震源区深部构造的一个明显标志。此外,自从印度 亚洲大陆碰撞以来,天山部分地区固结冷却的山根有可能在多重挤压变形和小尺度热对流的共同作用下,脱离它们的原有的层位而沉入上地幔     

Quaternary Tectonic Deformation in Front Area of the Tianjingshan Fault Zone and Analysis of Its Genesis

Through detailed field mapping, the tectonic deformation in the front area of the Tianjingshan fault zone is discussed in this paper. The result shows that there are two Quaternary thrust (oblique) fault-fold belts, namely: the Miaoshan and Hongjianshan fault-fold belts, in the front area of the south wall's strike-slip movement of the Tianjingshan fault zone. The Hejiakouzi Quaternary anticline, which is a part of the Miaoshan fault-fold belt, is mainly discussed. It is pointed out that the fold began to grow in the middle part near Hejiakouzi in the mid-late stage of middle Pleistocene epoch and then gradually developed towards the ends in late Quaternary. Based on the Cenozoic structural features, the genesis of the Miaoshan and Hongjianshan fault-fold belts and the kinematic relation they bear with the Tianjingshan fault zone are analyzed.     

南北地震带地震活动分析

在综合分析有关南北地震带研究成果的基础上重点分析了南北地震带活动特征;根据该带地震活动特点和规律提出了南北地震带目前处于新的活动期;预测了今后发生强震的潜在危险区（段）为南北地震带的中北段。     

皇城—双塔断裂带的几何分段及运动学特征

在室内航,卫片解释及野外１：５万大比例尺活断层地质填图等专项研究的基础上,论证了１９２７年古浪８级大震主发震断裂皇城－双塔断裂带的几何分段及运动学特征。依据断层的几何特征,活动时期,活动强度可将该断裂带分为３段,分别为皇城盆地段（西段）、上寺段（中段）和冬青顶段（东段）。其中东段是古浪地震的发震段,与西段和中段相比,它具有活动时代新、活动强度大等特点,属全新世活动段。１９２７年古浪地震的发生与其特     

The geology of the Taparko gold deposit, Birimian greenstone belt, Burkina Faso, West Africa

The Taparko gold deposit, located in the eastern branch of the Proterozoic Birimian Bouroum-Yalogo greenstone belt (Burkina Faso) consists of a network of quartz veins developed in a N 170° trending shear zone (250 m wide, 4 km long) superimposed on the regional Birimian structural pattern. The quartz vein network is composed of: (a) a dominant array of quartz veins (type 1), parallel to the shear zone and comprising strongly deformed dark quartz exhibiting foliation, layering, ribbon, tension gashes, etc.; (b) oblique and subparallel related veins (type 2) of gray to white weakly deformed quartz crosscutting the dominant quartz veins resulting in breccia structures; and (c) shallow dipping veins (type 3), cross-cutting veins types 1 and 2 and filled by undeformed white buck structure quartz. Cross-cutting relationships and different quartz types in different veins and within individual veins imply a concomitant filling of the veins during the progressive deformation. Initial sinistral transcurrent shearing evolved with time to sinistral reverse shearing. Metallic minerals occur only in type 1 and 2 veins and were deposited in two stages, with native gold being related to second stage sulfides. Gold (and chalcopyrite) precipitated preferentially upon the surfaces of fractured pyrite grains in low-pressure sites (pressure shadow zones) around and/or within the sulfide grains (along subsequently annealed fractures). The formation of the South Taparko deposit can be divided into a succession of events: (a) during the first event, N 170°-directed sinistral transcurrent shearing resulted in a N 20° mylonitic foliation and fractured rock which allowed H₂O-, CO₂- and SiO₂-rich fluids to circulate and deposit quartz with buck texture; (b) during the second event, type 1 quartz was strongly deformed and type 2 veins formed with sigmoidal shapes as viewed on a horizontal plane; and (c) during the third event, the sinistral transcurrent shearing evolved to sinistral reverse shearing and the deformation style evolved correspondingly from ductile to brittle-ductile. During the last phase of deformation gold nucleated and deposited in low-pressure zones. Received: 9 July 1997 / Accepted: 23 March 1998     

湘赣边区NNE向走滑断裂-流体-铀成矿动力学分析

以湘赣边区ＮＮＥ向走滑断裂系统构造解析及其演化和动力学分析为主线,结合含矿流体的运动学过程研究,进行热液铀成矿动力学分析,以探讨成矿作用的动力来源、作用机制和演化过程。