The investigation of Moskalenko's 1959 optical transient field inside GRB791101 error box

We report the results of an optical study of Moskalenko's OT 1959 field. The deep CCD images were obtained at the 6-m telescope of SAO RAS on June 8/9 1994. The BVR photometry of objects near the position of Moskalenko's OT 1959 are presented. An object with V= 23.43 and peculiar colours B-V= 0.9 and V-R= 1.10 was found. It is a possible candidate for the 1959 optical flash.     

瞬变电磁法在煤矿水患区预测中的应用

在青杠林煤矿工作中,利用MSD-1脉冲瞬变电磁仪,选用100m×100m正方形重叠回线装置,观测时窗8～25920μs,采样道数40道进行数据采集。经数据处理,获得该区多测道剖面图及虚拟全区视由阻率剖面图,从中解释其含水岩溶管道3处,含水岩溶空洞2处,节理、裂隙5条。根据依照水患危险程度划分标准该区岩溶管道、空洞的位置及节理、裂隙的贯穿深度,将该区定为中等程度隐患预测区。     

Responses of the East Asian Jet Stream to the North Pacific Subtropical Front in Spring

This study concerns atmospheric responses to the North Pacific subtropical front(NPSTF) in boreal spring over the period 1982–2014. Statistical results show that a strong NPSTF in spring can significantly enhance the East Asian jet stream(EAJS). Both transient eddy activity and the atmospheric heat source play important roles in this process. The enhanced atmospheric temperature gradient due to a strong NPSTF increases atmospheric baroclinicity, resulting in an intensification of transient eddy and convection activities. On the one hand, the enhanced transient eddy activities can excite an anomalous cyclonic circulation with a quasi-baraotropical structure in the troposphere to the north of the NPSTF. Accordingly, the related westerly wind anomalies around 30?N can intensify the component of the EAJS over the Northeast Pacific. On the other hand, an enhanced atmospheric heat source over the NPSTF, which is related to increased rainfall, acts to excite an anomalous cyclonic circulation system in the troposphere to the northwest of the NPSTF, which can explain the enhanced component of the EAJS over the Northwest Pacific. The two mechanisms may combine to enhance the EAJS.     

Magnetometer array studies in India: Present status,data interpretation and assessment of numerical modelling results

Significant results from several array of magnetometers deployed in India to probe deep geoelectrical structures of the crust and the upper mantle are reviewed in this paper. Emphasis is on critical appraisal of earlier results so that the article summarizes what has been done so far and what caution is to be taken on future work. Two large-scale arrays over northwest and peninsular India during 1979–80, have been followed up with six more linear or two-dimensional arrays over different parts of the country. “Trans-Himalayan” conductor aligned along the strike of Aravalli range, delineated by arrays over northwest India, essentially represents one of the major continental induction anomalies mapped by electromagnetic methods. Efforts for quantifying the induction effects through numerical models are shown to be constrained due to the large inter-station spacing, lack of information on the regional background conductivity distribution and the non-inclusion of the frequency dependence of induction effects. A more comprehensive modelling, not biased by these factors, enables approximating the Trans-Himalayan conductor as an asymmetric domal upwarp in the middle and lower crust located between Delhi-Hardwar ridge and Moradabad fault. Numerical modelling results for southern peninsular, despite the constraints, indicate that the strong and complex induction pattern can be adequately attributed to the combination of conductors connected with triple junction between Indo-Ceylon Graben, Comorin ridge and the west coast rifting. Induction features derived from the Valsad array, operated over basalt-covered region of western India, demarcate an enhanced conducting zone beneath Plume-associated triple junction in the Gulf of Cambay, apart from characterizing the presently active seismic zone as a resistive block.     

The estimation of ocean bottom seismographs' coupling characteristics by means of microshock recordings

A transient technique was used for estimating the bottom-instrument response function in experiments with bottom seismographs (OBS) in deep ocean. The sharp mechanical impacts on bottom seismograph usually induced by bottom displacements under the instrument (microshocks) are suggested as rough analogues of the impulses for the bottom-instrument system transient calibration. It has been found that microshocks has usually sufficiently small duration to be used for coupling characteristics estimates. Test measurements have shown that in many cases this method makes it possible to distinguish spectral features characterising earthquakes and seismic noise wavetrains from those which are caused by coupling resonances of the OBS-sediment inter-face.     

极端瞬态波浪的特征分析

介绍了与海上结构物“ringing”现象产生有关的极端瞬态波浪问题的提出、研究现状、波浪特征及其物理模拟方法等现有的研究成果。     

Transient Hydroelastic Response of VLFS by FEM with Impedance Boundary Conditions in Time Domain

A time-dependent finite element method (FEM) is developed to analyze the transient hydroelastie responses of very large floating structures (VLFS) subjected to dynamic loads. The hydrodynamic problem is formulated based on the linear theory of fluid and the structural response is analyzed based on the thin plate theory. The FEM truncates the unbounded fluid domain by introducing an artificial boundary surface, thus defining a finite computational domain. At this boundary surface an impedance boundary conditions are applied so that no wave reflections occur. In the proposed scheme, all of the procedures are processed directly in time domain, which is efficient for nonlinear analyses of structure floating on unbounded fluid. Numerical results indicate acceptable accuracy of the proposed method.     

The CMEKF Method for Sub-Sea Pipeline Monitoring and Leak Detection

1 .IntroductionIdentificationofaleakingflowlinerepresentsaspecialchallengetoboththeoilandgasindustryandregulators .While ,historically ,thenumberofcasesofshallowwaterreleasefromflowlinesisex tremelysmall,deepwaterflowlinesoperateunderconditionsrarelyencounteredinpreviousdevelopmentschemes .Theremotenessofthedeepwaterpipeline ,coupledwithanumberofcomplexinteractionsbe tweenthereleasedfluidsandthedeepwaterenvironment,effectivelyeliminatesmostexternaldetectionmethods (Scott,1 999) .Thecauseoflea…     

A stream tracer technique employing ionic tracers and specific conductance data applied to the Maimai catchment,New Zealand

The stream tracer technique and transient storage models (TSMs) have become common tools in stream solute and hyporheic exchange studies. The expense and logistics associated with water sample collection and analysis often results in limited temporal resolution of stream tracer breakthrough curves (BTCs). Samples are often collected without a priori or real‐time knowledge of BTC information, which can result in poor sample coverage of the critical shoulder (initial rise) and tail (post‐steady state fall) of the BTC. We illustrate the use of specific conductance (SC) measurements as a surrogate for conservative dissolved tracer (Br⁻) samples. The advantages of collecting SC data for use in the TSM are (1) cost, (2) ease of data collection, and (3) well‐defined breakthrough curves, which strengthen TSM parameter optimization. This method is based on developing an ion concentration (IC)–SC relationship from limited discrete tracer solute samples. SC data can be collected on a more frequent basis at no additional analysis cost. TSM simulations can then be run for the conservative tracer data derived from SC breakthrough curves and the IC–SC relationship. This technique was tested in a 120 m reach of stream (2–60 m subreaches) in the Maimai M15 catchment, New Zealand during baseflow recession. Dissolved LiBr was injected for 12·92 h, with Br⁻ as the conservative ion of interest. Four TSM simulations using the OTIS model are optimized using UCODE to fit (1) Br⁻ data derived from the Br⁻–SC relationship (n = 1307 observations at each of two stream sampling sites), (2) all stream Br⁻ data collected (n = 58 in upper reach, n = 60 in lower reach), (3) half of the stream Br⁻ data collected, and (4) 20 stream Br⁻ samples from each site. No two simulations resulted in the same optimal parameter values. Results suggest that the greater the frequency of observations, the greater the confidence in estimated parameter values. Br⁻–SC simulations resulted in the best overall model fits to the data, with the lowest calculated error variance of 6·37, narrowest 95% parameter estimate confidence intervals, and the highest correlation coefficient of 0·99 942, among the four simulations. This is largely due to the improved representation of the shoulder and tail of the BTC with this method. The IC–SC correlation method is robust in situations in which (1) changes in background SC data can be accounted for, and (2) the data used to define the IC–SC relationship are representative of the range of data collected. This method provides more efficient sample analysis, improved data resolution, and improved model results compared to the alternative stream tracer data gathering methods presented. Additionally, we describe a new parameterization of the cross‐sectional area of the stream during flow recession, as a function of discharge, based on a stream hydraulic geometry relationship. This variant of the OTIS model provides a more realistic representation of stream dynamics during unsteady discharge. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

废弃采空区裂隙带高度预测模型及应用

煤炭开采引起覆岩破断及地表下沉,覆岩及地表运移规律可反映裂隙带高度的动态演化过程。因地表下沉滞后于煤炭开采,对于废弃采空区,长期压实作用导致裂隙带高度较采动期间有所降低。基于地表点下沉速度的阶段特征将裂隙带高度的演化过程分为2个阶段,第1阶段裂隙带发育对应岩层破断逐步向上传递的过程,第2阶段裂隙带高度降低对应离层及裂隙闭合、断裂岩层受压后变形回弹及破碎岩体自然压实的过程。着眼于压实作用对裂隙带高度的影响,根据煤层采厚、垮落带和裂隙带岩层变形量及地表下沉值之间的定量关系,建立了第2阶段裂隙带高度预测模型,并结合太平煤矿实测结果进行验证,采用控制变量法分析了单一因素影响下废弃采空区裂隙带高度的演化特征。结果表明：废弃采空区裂隙带高度受控于垮落带块体强度、垮落带初始碎胀系数、采动期间裂隙带高度最大值及对应的垮落带高度、煤层埋深、地表最终下沉量等因素,太平煤矿采后15 a的裂隙带高度实测值11.36～13.00 m与理论预测值12.75 m吻合度较高,模型的可靠性得到验证。最后,应用此预测模型对武安煤矿（关停矿井）2002－2003年采空区裂隙带高度开展理论计算,结合地空瞬变电磁探测确定了地面瓦斯抽采钻孔理想的终孔位置并成功开展了地面钻孔瓦斯抽采试验。