浙江省科技资源的区域差异及其空间配置效率研究

科技资源是科技活动的基础,是创造科技成果,推动整个经济和社会发展的要素的集合。利用主成分分析法评价了浙江省各地级市科技资源的存量,并运用ArcView分析了浙江省科技资源的空间分布状况,利用数据包络分析法(DEA)评价了浙江省各地级市的科技资源配置相对效率,利用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数和索洛余值法计算了各个地级市的科技进步对于经济发展的贡献率。结果表明:①浙东北的科技资源及科技进步贡献率都要明显高于浙西南,同时浙东北、浙西南内部也存在着较大的差异。②杭州市、嘉兴市、绍兴市、金华市、舟山市和丽水市科技资源配置效率较高,而宁波市、温州市、湖州市、衢州市和台州市的科技资源配置效率相对较低。     

氢氧稳定同位素技术在生态系统水分耗散中的应用研究进展

氢氧稳定同位素作为水的"DNA",对于研究水分的传输和转化具有重要的意义,而水分耗散是水循环的重要组成部分。简单介绍氢氧稳定同位素在水分耗散研究中应用的主要原理和比较新的一些技术方法,主要对其在森林、草原生态系统和农田生态系统中蒸散发分离,植物水分来源区分、叶片水同位素富集和水分利用效率等方面做较为详细的归纳总结和探讨,最后指出国内此类研究仍然存在的问题和可能的发展方向,以期对未来氢氧稳定同位素技术在水分循环和水分耗散方面的应用研究有借鉴作用。     

临空经济区发展的动力因素研究

临空经济区的发展受到内部和外部动力因素的影响,前者包括机场流量、运营效率和产业集群,后者包括区域开放度、经济总量和产业结构等。利用理论模型分析了内部因素的作用,但对国内24个临空经济区进行实证后发现,我国仍停留在以外部动力为主、内部动力为辅的阶段。其中,航空客运量和机场效率的正向促进作用非常明显,货运量的影响则不显著。临空产业仍处于集群的初始阶段,因而对临空经济区的推动力较小。     

城市发展转型研究进展及展望

城市发展转型是城市经济社会发展的必然趋势。通过对城市发展转型的内涵、内容、影响因素、模式等方面的深入分析,认为目前城市发展转型研究多是注重资源型城市转型而忽视一般性区域中心城市转型,注重城市经济转型而忽视城市文化与社会转型,注重定性研究而忽视定量研究。今后应加强一般性区域中心城市转型研究,突出城市发展转型中的软环境研究,推进不同发展水平城市转型的比较研究,注重城市转型中定性与定量相结合的系统性研究。     

基于DEA和Malmquist指数模型的中国资源型城市效率及其变化(英文)

Employing DEA model and Malmquist productivity index, this paper probes into the urban efficiencies of 24 typical resources-based cities in China and their changes from 2000 to 2008. The research finds that the overall efficiencies of the resources-based cities are just at a general level, and only a few of them reach the optimal level. The scale efficiency is the major determining factor of the achievement of overall efficiency, the effect of which, never-theless, is reducing. From the perspective of classification characteristics, the re-sources-based cities in northeastern region have been in the front rank in terms of overall efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. There is a certain positive correlation between urban population scale and urban efficiency. The analysis of urban efficiency changes shows that the changes in overall efficiency of resources-based cities from 2000 to 2008 had a weak improving tendency. Both the technical change index and productivity change index decreased, indicating that the urban efficiency did not improve during this pe-riod, and the tendency of technical recession and productivity decline was obvious. In terms of the classification of urban efficiency changes, the urban overall efficiency improved in each of the four regions from 2000 to 2008, among which western region witnessed the greatest increase. Cities with different resource types have improved their urban overall efficiencies except steel-based cities. The urban overall efficiency increased in resources-based cities of different scales, with greater improvement in small and medium-sized cities than in big cities.     

对偶Kriging插值方法在气象资料分析中的应用

非对偶Kriging方法是一种局部插值, 因此对每个插值点都要重新求解Kriging线性系统从而非常耗时。该文介绍了通过等价变换将泛Kriging方法转换成对偶Kriging方法, 对偶Kriging方法是一种全局插值, 其Kriging线性系统不依赖插值点, 因此仅需一次求解Kriging线性系统即可计算所有插值点的值, 从而极大提高了计算效率。数值试验的实际计算表明, 对偶Kriging方法不仅计算精度完全与泛Kriging方法一致, 整体效果相当于或优于GrADS绘图软件的Cressman方法; 而且对偶Kriging方法的计算效率远高于泛Kriging方法。最后, 该文通过统计与拟合得到了降水的4类半变异函数模型的表达式, 并通过敏感试验研究4类半变异函数模型对降水分析精度的影响。     

The Adaptive Wavelet Collocation Method and Its Application in Front Simulation

The adaptive wavelet collocation method(AWCM)is a variable grid technology for solving partial differential equations(PDEs)with high singularities.Based on interpolating wavelets,the AWCM adapts the grid so that a higher resolution is automatically attributed to domain regions with high singularities. Accuracy problems with the AWCM have been reported in the literature,and in this paper problems of effciency with the AWCM are discussed in detail through a simple one-dimensional(1D)nonlinear advection equation whose analytic solution is easily obtained.A simple and effcient implementation of the AWCM is investigated.Through studying the maximum errors at the moment of frontogenesis of the 1D nonlinear advection equation with different initial values and a comparison with the finite difference method(FDM) on a uniform grid,the AWCM shows good potential for modeling the front effciently.The AWCM is also applied to a two-dimensional(2D)unbalanced frontogenesis model in its first attempt at numerical simulation of a meteorological front.Some important characteristics about the model are revealed by the new scheme.     

典型海洋型冰川区消融期雪坑层位演变及离子沉积后过程初探

2006年4—7月,在玉龙雪山白水1号冰川消融区(P1)和积累区(P2)分别开挖雪坑连进行续观测,分析了海洋型冰川在消融期雪坑内各层位的物理变化以及各离子的沉积后过程.结果表明:海洋型冰川区雪坑的消融速率远大于大陆型冰川;随着消融的进行,雪坑中各种粒雪成分逐渐向粗粒雪转化,同时冰片数量增多以及含水层加厚,并且向雪坑底部移动.雪坑消融可以分为雪坑内部的细粒雪、中粒雪向粗粒雪转变,雪坑厚度变化不大以及雪坑厚度的快速变薄两个过程,P2处两消融过程转变时间比P1处大约推迟两个月.根据各种离子在P1处雪坑剖面的浓度变化,白水1号冰川积累区的淋溶序列为:K+SO42-NO3-Cl-Ca2+Mg2+Na+.由于海洋型冰川的消融期也是它的积累期,该序列中各离子的顺序不仅反映了融水淋溶作用的影响,同时反映了物质输入对雪坑内离子浓度变化的影响.     

液压动力头岩心钻机的负载敏感液压回路

钻探工作对液压钻机的回转、给进和升降液压回路都有性能上的要求,传统的手动控制阀与定量泵组成的普通液压系统技术较落后,对不同地层钻进控制能力和适应性差,而负载敏感液压回路对钻进适应性强,可提高钻进效率,且液压系统能耗少、发热少、传动效率高。介绍了液压动力头岩心钻机的负载敏感液压回路的工作原理,系统的特点及对钻探工作的负载适应能力。     

甘肃岷县某金矿钻探施工技术与管理

分析了复杂地层的成因,通过精心筹划、严密组织、技术攻关、研制冲洗液、有针对性地研制钻头、规范作业,解决了施工护壁难和取心难题,较好地提高了施工效率和钻孔施工质量。