历史航片特殊框标的自动内定向算法

内定向是摄影测量的一个基本问题,其中框标位置的近似确定是最重要也是最困难的工作.当框标不是对称形式且淹没在背景当中,框标与影像叠置在一起,传统的灰度匹配方法已不再适用,文章主要研究此种情况下的自动内定向,采用影像二值化、区域生长法分割影像、边界跟踪将框标所处的线特征提取出来,进行线特征匹配,最终实现框标的自动识别与定位,其自动内定向成功率达到了98％以上,在实际生产中得到推广与应用.     

基于RFM的高分辨率卫星影像三维重建方法

随着高分辨率卫星遥感成像技术的快速发展,基于卫星影像的三维重建技术研究已成为当前国内外研究的热点,但由于种种因素的制约,实现自动化、高精度的三维重建仍然存在很大困难.鉴于此,提出一种基于同源高分辨率卫星影像的三维信息提取方法,其步骤包括利用影像匹配技术获取同名点,通过影像同名点解算像对间几何转换模型,最终基于有理函数模型获取地物点的三维坐标.结果表明,利用文中方法可以实现影像的三维重建,精度上能够满足一定的生产需求.     

Identification of multi-scale corresponding object-set pairs between two polygon datasets with hierarchical co-clustering

In this paper, we propose a means of finding multi-scale corresponding object-set pairs between two polygon datasets by means of hierarchical co-clustering. This method converts the intersection-ratio-based similarities of two objects from two datasets, one from each dataset, into the objects’ proximity in a geometric space using a Laplacian-graph embedding technique. In this space, the method finds hierarchical object clusters by means of agglomerative hierarchical clustering and separates each cluster into object-set pairs according to the datasets to which the objects belong. These pairs are evaluated with a matching criterion to find geometrically corresponding object-set pairs. We applied the proposed method to the segmentation result of a composite image with 6 NDVI images and a forest inventory map. Regardless of the different origins of the datasets, the proposed method can find geometrically corresponding object-set pairs which represent hierarchical distinctive forest areas.     

Mapping seasonal rice cropland extent and area in the high cropping intensity environment of Bangladesh using MODIS 500 m data for the year 2010

Rice is the most consumed staple food in the world and a key crop for food security. Much of the world’s rice is produced and consumed in Asia where cropping intensity is often greater than 100% (more than one crop per year), yet this intensity is not sufficiently represented in many land use products. Agricultural practices and investments vary by season due to the different challenges faced, such as drought, salinity, or flooding, and the different requirements such as varietal choice, water source, inputs, and crop establishment methods. Thus, spatial and temporal information on the seasonal extent of rice is an important input to decision making related to increased agricultural productivity and the sustainable use of limited natural resources. The goal of this study was to demonstrate that hyper temporal moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data can be used to map the spatial distribution of the seasonal rice crop extent and area. The study was conducted in Bangladesh where rice can be cropped once, twice, or three times a year.MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maximum value composite (MVC) data at 500 m resolution along with seasonal field-plot information from year 2010 were used to map rice crop extent and area for three seasons, boro (December/January–April), aus (April/May–June/July), and aman (July/August–November/December), in Bangladesh. A subset of the field-plot information was used to assess the pixel-level accuracy of the MODIS-derived rice area. Seasonal district-level rice area statistics were used to assess the accuracy of the rice area estimates. When compared to field-plot data, the maps of rice versus non-rice exceeded 90% accuracy in all three seasons and the accuracy of the five rice classes varied from 78% to 90% across the three seasons. On average, the MODIS-derived rice area estimates were 6% higher than the sub-national statistics during boro, 7% higher during aus, and 3% higher during the aman season. The MODIS-derived sub-national areas explained (R² values) 96%, 93%, and 96% of the variability at the district level for boro, aus, and aman seasons, respectively.The results demonstrated that the methods we applied for analysing and interpreting moderate spatial and high temporal resolution imagery can accurately capture the seasonal variability in rice crop extent and area. We discuss the robustness of the approach and highlight issues that must be addressed before similar methods are used across other areas of Asia where a mix of rainfed, irrigated, or supplemental irrigation permits single, double, and triple cropping in a single calendar year.     

Automated registration of dense terrestrial laser-scanning point clouds using curves

This paper proposes an automatic method for registering terrestrial laser scans in terms of robustness and accuracy. The proposed method uses spatial curves as matching primitives to overcome the limitations of registration methods based on points, lines, or patches as primitives. These methods often have difficulty finding correspondences between the scanned point clouds of freeform surfaces (e.g., statues, cultural heritage). The proposed method first clusters visually prominent points selected according to their associated geometric curvatures to extract crest lines which describe the shape characteristics of point clouds. Second, a deformation energy model is proposed to measure the shape similarity of these crest lines to select the correct matching-curve pairs. Based on these pairs, good initial orientation parameters can be obtained, resulting in fine registration. Experiments were undertaken to evaluate the robustness and accuracy of the proposed method, demonstrating a reliable and stable solution for accurately registering complex scenes without good initial alignment.     

Data matching of building polygons at multiple map scales improved by contextual information and relaxation

The aim of matching spatial data at different map scales is to find corresponding objects at different levels of detail (LODs) that represent the same real-world phenomena. This is a prerequisite for integrating, evaluating and updating spatial data collected and maintained at various scales. However, matching spatial data is not straightforward due to the ambiguities caused by problems like many-to-many correspondence, non-systematic displacement and different LODs between data sets. This paper proposes an approach to matching areal objects (e.g. buildings) based on relaxation labeling techniques widely applied in pattern recognition and computer vision. The underlying idea is to utilize contextual information (quantified by compatibility coefficient) in an iterative process, where the ambiguities are reduced until a consistent matching is achieved. This paper describes (1) a domain-specific extension to previous relaxation schemes and (2) a new compatibility coefficient that exploits relative relationships between areal object pairs in spatial data. Our approach were validated through extensive experiments using building data sets at 1:10k and 1:50k as an example. Our contextual approach showed superior performance against a non-contextual approach in general and especially in ambiguous situations. The proposed approach can also be applied to matching other areal features and/or for a different scale range.     

Change detection on LOD 2 building models with very high resolution spaceborne stereo imagery

Due to the fast development of the urban environment, the need for efficient maintenance and updating of 3D building models is ever increasing. Change detection is an essential step to spot the changed area for data (map/3D models) updating and urban monitoring. Traditional methods based on 2D images are no longer suitable for change detection in building scale, owing to the increased spectral variability of the building roofs and larger perspective distortion of the very high resolution (VHR) imagery. Change detection in 3D is increasingly being investigated using airborne laser scanning data or matched Digital Surface Models (DSM), but rare study has been conducted regarding to change detection on 3D city models with VHR images, which is more informative but meanwhile more complicated. This is due to the fact that the 3D models are abstracted geometric representation of the urban reality, while the VHR images record everything. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to detect changes directly on LOD (Level of Detail) 2 building models with VHR spaceborne stereo images from a different date, with particular focus on addressing the special characteristics of the 3D models. In the first step, the 3D building models are projected onto a raster grid, encoded with building object, terrain object, and planar faces. The DSM is extracted from the stereo imagery by hierarchical semi-global matching (SGM). In the second step, a multi-channel change indicator is extracted between the 3D models and stereo images, considering the inherent geometric consistency (IGC), height difference, and texture similarity for each planar face. Each channel of the indicator is then clustered with the Self-organizing Map (SOM), with “change”, “non-change” and “uncertain change” status labeled through a voting strategy. The “uncertain changes” are then determined with a Markov Random Field (MRF) analysis considering the geometric relationship between faces. In the third step, buildings are extracted combining the multispectral images and the DSM by morphological operators, and the new buildings are determined by excluding the verified unchanged buildings from the second step. Both the synthetic experiment with Worldview-2 stereo imagery and the real experiment with IKONOS stereo imagery are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. It is shown that the proposed method can be applied as an effective way to monitoring the building changes, as well as updating 3D models from one epoch to the other.     

融合嫦娥一号CCD影像与DEM数据的月球撞击坑自动提取和识别

针对现阶段月球撞击坑定量信息提取不足和误提取的问题,本文提出了一种融合CCD影像和DEM数据进行撞击坑的自动提取及识别的算法。（1）在太阳光照下,撞击坑的影像特征满足特定的规律,通过条件匹配在CCD影像中提取撞击坑;（2）在DEM中,利用撞击坑坑壁点的坡向值的连续性,对影像中误提取的撞击坑进行剔除;（3）在DEM中,利用撞击坑边缘点法向量的突变性,提取撞击坑边缘点并进行拟合,计算撞击坑的参数,通过坑底点云所占比例以及剖面线特征识别撞击坑的类型。经过“嫦娥一号”影像与DEM数据的验证,该算法在高纬度月球撞击坑分布均匀的区域应用效果较好。     

高噪声环境下基于参考影像的车载序列影像定位方法

本文提出一种Monte-Carlo匹配与定位算法,基于已知地理参考影像实现了地面车载全景影像序列的精确定位。首先,基于贝叶斯准则和马尔科夫随机链,推导了几何、辐射两种约束条件下运动影像序列全局定位的通用统计模型。然后,顾及阴影、遮挡、动态目标等困难条件下的多源影像匹配80%的误匹配率,基于粒子滤波原理提出Monte-Carlo匹配与定位一体化求解算法（MIML）,通过预测、更新的迭代策略,在剔除粗差的同时获得最佳定位结果。通过2000余张车载全景影像序列的定位实验,验证了本方法能够克服多源影像匹配中误匹配点太多导致的传统平差算法无法收敛的问题,实现了车载全景序列影像的精确定位。     

面向等高线与河流冲突处理的多约束移位方法

本文针对等高线与河流的不一致性问题,以移位等高线匹配河流为出发点,提出一种对每个特征点动态确定仿射变换模型进行移位的方法。该方法综合考虑移位角度比例、地形特征点相对位置、局部形态的保持和变换等因素,对各特征点实时计算其位移的角度、位置和缩放变化等约束建立其移位模型。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法能够较好地实现等高线到河流的一致性改正,可有效解决等高线与河流数据的空间匹配问题。