基于FLAC的牵引式滑坡稳定性分析

本文对FLAC软件进行简单的介绍;通过对软件计算方法及破坏标准的了解,深入分析软件在实际工程中应用的可能性;同时通过FLAC软件对已有实际工程的计算与分析结果,对比工程实地勘察结果,论证软件在滑坡稳定性分析中的可行性。并通过该软件的计算模拟,预测该牵引式滑坡在发生破坏后的破坏方式及机理,为滑坡的预测评估提供有力的计算依据。     

非开挖定向钻进牵引拖拉埋管技术在南水北调工程中的应用

济宁市截污导流工程是南水北调东线干线的重要工程,该工程从济宁市污水处理厂铺设管道5.9 km,再利用明渠输水,把中水引到蓄水区,确保南水北调调水期间中水不进入干线。其中管道施工需穿越济宁南部的老运河、洸府河。因洸府河为行洪河道,采用非开挖定向钻进拖拉埋管技术,不影响河道原有功能,较好地解决了管道穿越河道问题。结合该工程实例,介绍了非开挖定向钻进牵引拖拉埋管施工技术。     

米钵山组复理石中的内潮汐沉积

贺兰拗拉谷米钵山组复理石由具有递变层理、双向交错层理、单向交错层理、复杂多向交错层理、飘逸层理和波痕构造的韵律性砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩薄互层组成。根据双向沉积构造等典型物性特征识别出5种内潮汐沉积微相,即飘逸层理砂泥岩韵律性薄互层微相,单向交错层和交错纹理砂岩粉砂岩微相,双向交错纹理和羽状交错纹理砂岩粉砂岩微相。结果表明：研究区复理石为深水牵引流（内波、内潮汐）、重力流以及原地沉积复合成因;经典的鲍玛序列是有待商榷的;重力流与牵引流存在流态转化。     

塔中地区中晚奥陶世内波、内潮汐沉积

现代海底普遍发育由内波、内潮汐引起的深水牵引流,内波、内潮汐不仅可形成各种厘米级的深水牵引流沉积构造,还可建造千米级的大型沉积物波。这种大型沉积物波既可沿斜坡向下迁移,也可沿斜坡向上迁移。在古代地层记录中已发现各种厘米级的内波、内潮汐沉积单元,但尚未发现内波成因的大型沉积物波。塔中地区中上奥陶统碎屑岩段内发育内波及内潮汐形成的各种牵引流沉积构造单元。通过详细的岩心观察,识别出 4种内波、内潮汐沉积微相类型及 5种基本垂向沉积层序。此外,通过地震剖面分析,在研究区中上奥陶统陆坡相中识别出顺坡向上迁移的大型沉积物波,该沉积物波的特征与现代海底发育的沉积物波的特征类似,运用内波理论可对其成因进行合理的解释。     

膨胀土边坡稳定分析方法研究

Bishop法等边坡稳定分析的经典方法用于分析膨胀土边坡时本身并无问题,只是由于计算条件的考虑不足,使得计算结果不能反映出膨胀土上的滑坡特点。在Bishop法的基础上,通过完善其计算条件,考虑了裂缝开展导致的土体强度降低、裂缝开展的深度、降雨时裂缝群中形成的渗流,以及可能的裂缝侧壁静水压力的作用等影响因素,完成了对膨胀土边坡稳定分析方法的改进。改进后的方法反映出裂缝对膨胀土边坡稳定性的影响,计算结果真实再现了浅层性、牵引性、长期性、平缓性和季节性等膨胀土边坡的滑坡特点。     

The use of integrated sedimentological and geophysical methods in drumlin research – a case study of Pigeon Point,Clew Bay,Northwest Ireland

Despite significant advances over the past decades, our understanding of drumlin formation and associated ice‐bed processes is still incomplete. In this paper, we present the integrated use of geomorphological, sedimentological and geophysical techniques as a powerful means to force a breakthrough towards solving the drumlin enigma. We report on investigations of the anatomy of the Pigeon Point drumlin, Clew Bay, Ireland. We found that the bulk of the landform, which displays a classical drumlin shape, consists of silty‐clayey diamicton showing evidence of deformation, hydrofracturing and comminution. The unit is interpreted as a sub‐glacial traction till/comminution till. The thin unit overlying this basal till consists of silty‐sandy diamicton, and is interpreted as a para‐glacially modified melt‐out till. The partly cemented third unit consists of stratified, massive to graded sands and gravels. Its contact with the sub‐glacial traction till consists of a series of concave shapes, which suggests that it was deposited in meltwater channels that flowed in sub‐glacial cavities and that cut laterally into the drumlin. We propose that highs in the undulating rockhead relief, as shown in the seismic profile, have provided nuclei which initiated drumlin formation. This idea is supported by the observation of local detached bedrock slabs that grade upwards into a comminution till. In the long profile, very high normalized induced polarization (IP) values form a wedge‐shape, which is interpreted as a set of conjugate thrusts, or a ‘pop‐up’ structure. The structure is positioned directly above one of the undulations in the bedrock, suggesting a direct relationship. The high values are thought to reflect the presence of pre‐existing clays, which were sheared into the till, thus forming linings in the thrust features. It is concluded that glacitectonic processes, notably differential bedrock weathering and thrusting, have played a key role in the formation of this drumlin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Incipient vertical traction carpets within collapsed sinkhole fills

Small vertically oriented traction carpets are reported from the collapsed sandy fills of 100 m deep Devonian limestone sinkholes underlying the Lower Cretaceous Athabasca oil sands deposit in north‐eastern Alberta, Western Canada. Dissolution of 100 m of underlying halite salt beds caused cataclysmic collapse of the sinkhole floors and water saturated sinkhole sand fills to descend very rapidly. Turbulent currents flushed upper sinkhole fills of friable sandstone blocks and disaggregated sand and quartz pebble for tens of metres. Laminar deposits with inverse grading accumulated as many as six to eight curvilinear entrained pebble streaks, 10 to 30 cm long, vertically impinged against the sides of descending collapse blocks. These deposits were initiated as vertically oriented early stage traction carpets that interlocked fine sand grains and inversely graded overlying pebbles entrained below the dilute overlying turbulent flows. Vortexes that flushed these sinkhole fills and induced these depositional processes may have lasted only seconds before the very rapid descents abruptly halted. Some of the fabrics were suspended vertically in‐place and preserved from unlocking and obliteration. These small fabrics provide insight into the instability and ephemeral character of the transition from strong gravity‐driven grain falls to very early stages of traction carpet formation. These short‐lived deposits of very thin sand layers resulted from sufficient incipient frictional freezing that grain interlocking overcame, however briefly, the strong gravity drives of the vertical falls that would have otherwise dispersed grains and obliterated any organized fabric patterns. Tenuous frictionally locked grains were also suspended at the centres of hyperbolic grain fall flows that briefly developed between turbulent flow eddies, some of which were fortuitously preserved. Some of these suspended grain locking zones passed downward onto the relatively more stable surfaces of the rapidly descending block surfaces. The morphogenesis of these early stage traction carpets differ from more fully developed deposits elsewhere because of their short‐lived transport, dynamic instability and vertical orientation.     

Evaluation of stress intensity factors for multiple cracked circular disks under crack surface tractions with SBFEM

Stress intensity factors (SIFs) for the cracked circular disks under different distributing surface tractions are evaluated with the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM). In the SBFEM, the analytical advantage of the solution in the radial direction allows SIFs to be directly determined from its definition, therefore no special crack-tip treatment is necessary. Furthermore anisotropic material behavior can be treated easily. Different distributions of surface tractions are considered for the center and double-edge-cracked disks. The benchmark examples are modeled and an excellent agreement between the results in the present study and those in published literature is found. It shows that SBFEM is effective and possesses high accuracy. The SIFs of the cracked orthotropic material circular disks subjected to different surface tractions are also evaluated. The technique of substructure is applied to handle the multiple cracks problem.     

饲料维生素C对美国红鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus)生长、免疫的影响

采用单因子实验设计方法, 进行了饲料中添加维生素C对美国红鱼生长(平均增重率、存活率、特定生长率、饲料效率)和免疫反应[血清中溶菌酶活性、血清总补体活性和超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性]影响的研究。结果表明: 随着饲料中维生素C添加水平由0提高到100mg/kg时, 美国红鱼的增重率和特定生长率显著提高。以特定生长率为指标, 美国红鱼最佳生长性能的饲料维生素C添加量为104.5mg/kg左右; 饲料中维生素C水平在0—98.9mg/kg时, 美国红鱼肌肉和肝脏中维生素C的积累量随饲料中维生素C的增加而显著增加(P<0.05); 美国红鱼获得最大肝脏和肌肉中维生素C的积累量时饲料中维生素C最低添加量为128.1和104.0mg/kg; 美国红鱼血清溶菌酶和血清总补体活性在维生素C添加水平分别为98.9和198.7mg/kg时达到最高值, 随后变化不明显; 美国红鱼血清SOD活性随维生素C添加水平的增加而显著升高, 并且活性在198.7mg/kg达到最高值, 随后显著下降。综上所述, 美国红鱼维生素C生长和免疫的维生素C适宜添加水平为200mg/kg左右。     

A facies interpretation of the eruption and emplacement mechanisms of the upper part of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff,Campi Flegrei,southern Italy

This study focuses on the upper part, Member B, of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT). Detailed measurements of stratigraphic sections within the unlithified pozzolana facies show that Member B is composed of at least six distinct depositional units which each record a complex fluctuation between different styles of deposition from pyroclastic density flows. Six lithofacies have been identified: (1) massive valleyponded facies, the product of non-turbulent flows; (2) inverse-graded facies formed by flows that were turbulent for the majority of transport but were deposited through a non-tubulent basal regime; (3) regressive sand-wave facies, the product of high-concentration, turbulent flows; (4) stratified facies, the product of deposition from turbulent, low-particle-concentration, flows; (5) particle aggregate and (6) vesicular ash lithofacies, both of which are considered to have formed by deposition from turbulent, low-concentration flows. Although the whole eruption may have been phreatomagmatic, facies 1–4 are interpreted to be the product of dry eruptive activity, whereas facies 5 and 6 are considered to be of wet phreatomagmatic eruptive phases. Small-scale horizontal variations between facies include inverse-graded lithofacies that pass laterally into regressive sand-wave structures and stratified deposits. This indicates rapid transition from non-turbulent to turbulent deposition within the same flow. Thin vesicular ash and particle aggregate layers pass laterally into massive valley-ponded vesicular lithofacies, suggesting contemporaneous wet pyroclastic surges and cohesive mud flows. Three common vertical facies relations were recognised. (1) Massive valley-ponded and inverse-graded facies are overlain by stratified facies, suggesting decreasing particle concentration with time during passage of a flow. (2) Repeated vertical gradation from massive up into stratified facies and back into massive beds, is indicative of flow fluctuating between non-turbulent and turbulent depositional conditions. (3) Vertical alternation between particle aggregates and vesicular facies is interpreted as the product of many flow pulses, each of which involved deposition of a single particle aggregate and vesicular ash layer. It is possible that the different facies record stages in a continuum of flow processes. The deposits formed are dependent on the presence, thickness and behaviour of a high-concentration, non-turbulent boundary layer at the base of the flow. The end members of this process are (a) flows that transported and deposited material from a non-turbulent flow regime and (b) flows that transported and deposited material from a turbulent flow regime.