用土工合成材料治理道路翻浆的研究

介绍了各种土工合成材料的排水、隔离、渗滤、加筋等功能作用。根据路基土的物理力学性能和水力性能与土工合成材料的材料特性,决定采用复合土工膜、沥青玻璃布、沥青棉胶布、竹排等,工程实践表明,采用了土工合成材料后,大大减轻了路基冻害现象,不失为一种较为理想的治理路基翻浆冒泥的方法。土工合成材料治理道路翻浆,可以使路基的破损程度降到最低,为车辆运行提供平坦的路面。     

真空预压淤泥搅拌墙气密性试验分析与应用技术

通过淤泥搅拌桩墙的抗渗试验、工艺试验和现场试验,从土-水特性关系分析了真空预压期淤泥搅拌桩墙的抗渗时效性、抗渗能力及墙体的抗渗厚度,得出了淤泥搅拌墙在大面积真空预压工程中的共用密封墙桩帽技术及长短桩墙相结合等应用技术,可有效地解决共用密封墙的沉陷开裂和周边密封墙气密性的持久有效性问题。通过对广州南沙港区陆域吹填地基84×104 m2真空预压软基处理工程的应用,从预压期孔隙水压力、水位及真空度分布与变化情况,分析了密封墙气密性及真空预压的加固效果,分析表明：真空预压处理软土地基时,采用优化不透水淤泥搅拌墙方案进行密封处理是可行的。在85 kPa膜下真空度的情况下,1 m厚渗透系数小于10-6 cm/s的淤泥搅拌墙满足气密性的持久性要求。     

基于GIS的地下水及其环境问题分析

以地下水及其环境评价模型体系为支撑的、基于GIS的水文地质空间信息系统（HSIS）,由空间数据管理、应用模型管理、空间分析、数据转换、空间数据查询与检索、系统管理6大模块组成。应用于河西走廊地下水及环境评价,实现了对地下水及其环境信息的动态管理,得到了区域地下水化学成分的形成及分布规律。计算、分析了区域地下水资源量及开采潜力与地下水数值模拟模型集成,实现了计算过程的自动化、计算结果的可视化。利用HSIS提供的综合评价模型评价了黑河流域地质生态环境质量。评价结果显示：黑河中、上游环境质量较好,下游额济纳盆地环境质量较差,基本反映了区内地质生态环境现状。     

Revised empirical garnet–biotite–muscovite–plagioclase geobarometer in metapelites

The garnet–biotite–muscovite–plagioclase (GBMP) barometer was empirically revised for P–T conditions of 1–14 kbar and 450–840 °C, using 263 metapelitic rock samples from all over the world. This barometer is based on activity models for garnet, biotite and plagioclase identical to those of the well‐calibrated garnet–biotite thermometer and the garnet–aluminosilicate–plagioclase–quartz (GASP) barometer. The GBMP barometer is less temperature dependent than the GASP barometer and can be applied to either Al₂SiO₅‐absent or Al₂SiO₅‐bearing metapelites. The total error of the GBMP barometer is estimated to be about ±1.2 kbar on considering input temperature error and analytical errors of chemical compositions of the phases involved. The random error of the GBMP barometer is evenly distributed with respect to pressure, temperature and mineral composition. Simultaneous application of the GBMP barometer and the garnet–biotite thermometer identifies the correct stability field for Al₂SiO₅‐bearing metapelites. Application of the GBMP barometer to metapelitic rocks within the same geological terranes or thermal contact aureoles yielded similar pressures within error. A spreadsheet for implementing the proposed GBMP geobarometer is supplied on the journal's website.     

Heat tracing of heterogeneous hyporheic exchange adjacent to in‐stream geomorphic features

There are many field techniques used to quantify rates of hyporheic exchange, which can vary in magnitude and direction spatially over distances of only a few metres, both within and between morphological features. We used in‐stream mini‐piezometers and heat transport modelling of stream and streambed temperatures to quantify the rates and directions of water flux across the streambed interface upstream and downstream of three types of in‐stream geomorphic features: a permanent dam, a beaver dam remnant and a stream meander. We derived hyporheic flux estimates at three different depths at six different sites for a month and then paired those flux rates with measurements of gradient to derive hydraulic conductivity (K) of the streambed sediments. Heat transport modelling provided consistent daily flux estimates that were in agreement directionally with hydraulic gradient measurements and also identified vertical heterogeneities in hydraulic conductivity that led to variable hyporheic exchange. Streambed K varied over an order of magnitude (1·9 × 10^?6 to 5·7 × 10^?5 m/s). Average rates of hyporheic flux ranged from static (q < ±0·02 m/day) to 0·42 m/day. Heat transport modelling results suggest three kinds of flow around the dams and the meander. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

河北省卫星遥感海洋应用平台建设研究

随着卫星遥感技术在海洋监测中的作用日益凸显,为了加快地方海洋监测能力建设,构建省级卫星遥感海洋应用平台十分必要。介绍了河北省卫星遥感海洋应用平台的总体设计思路、总体架构、系统建设和应用情况。该平台将国家遥感数据分发单位、地方业务化监测单位、现场观测单位有机联合在一起,形成了自卫星遥感数据与现场观测数据的收集、数据处理、产品生产、数据管理、成果发布至精度评价的全业务闭环流程,实现了海洋环境常规监测业务系统后台全自动化运行,极大程度地提升了河北省海洋遥感监测能力和服务能力,为地方海洋遥感监测平台的建设提供参考。     

珠海市现代测绘基准体系建设与应用

随着科技的不断进步,为了保障城市的建设发展,很多城市迫切需要构建地方现代测绘基准体系。本文以珠海市为例,阐述了城市现代测绘基准体系建设工作;介绍了城市测绘基准历史情况及存在的问题,重点阐述了城市现代测绘基准的具体建设工作,主要包括技术路线和方法、建设内容及成果应用。     

境外地质矿产信息元数据标准与应用

元数据是描述实体数据内容、质量、范围、发布等信息的数据,是各类数据资源社会化共享和服务的基础。以服务中国企业勘查开发为基础,研究制定了境外地质矿产空间与非空间信息元数据的构成、内容及数据字典,说明了元数据在境外地质矿产信息集成服务平台建设中的作用,研发了元数据生产及应用平台并提供给社会应用于服务,应用效果良好。同时,为中国矿业联合会全球地质矿产信息共享工作委员会（共享联盟）相关工作的开展奠定了坚实基础。     

一起地热深井施工泥浆应用实践

地热钻井与岩心钻探有着孔径大、钻进进尺深的特点。更易产生坍塌、掉块、吸附等多种影响钻进的因素。本文通过一眼超深地热井(2 500 m)的施工,研究和配制了具有与岩芯钻探泥浆相区别的泥浆体系,保证了2 500 m地热井施工的顺利完成。     

Determination of 137Cs reference inventories in a large-scale region: A case study in the central-eastern Inner Mongolia Plateau

In isotope 137 Cs tracing studies, it is a premise to determine suitable 137 Cs reference inventory（CRI） plots and the CRI values. Owing to the heterogeneous spatial distribution of 137 Cs deposition in the ground and diverse, or even irregular, operations in sampling and testing procedures, CRI determination is usually faced with many difficulties and uncertainties. In addition, more difficulties occur in an investigation of a large-scale region because of time constraints and measurement cost limitations. In this study, traditional CRI acquiring methods were summarized first, and then a new complex scheme was established, involving seven core steps and coupling the model estimate and sample measurement. The above CRI determination methodology was implemented in the central-eastern Inner Mongolia Plateau. The case study results showed that the CRI in the dark chestnut soil sub-region, located in the east and south of Xing＇an City, exhibited 2447 Bq·m–2; the CRI in the aeolian sandy soil sub-region, positioned in the south central Tongliao City and central Chifeng City, showed 2430 Bq·m–2; the CRI in the sandy chernozem soil sub-region, situated in the northwestern Chifeng City, presented 2384 Bq·m–2; and the CRI in the chestnut soil sub-region, in the southern Xilin Gol City, was 2368 Bq·m–2. The newly proposed CRI determination scheme was proved effective, and the determined CRI plots and CRI values were convincing. The methodology offered a framework for 137 Cs tracing studies in large-scale regions or long-distance transects.