高陡边坡堆积体锚固钻孔配套机具研究

岩土工程中的高陡边坡堆积体的锚固工程中经常遇到的由于边坡高陡、钻机架设搬迁困难、底层破碎成孔困难等,有针对性地选用了相应的锚固钻机,并对钻机进行了改进,以使其更加符合高陡边坡堆积体锚索施工的要求;同时研制加工了符合该类地质情况的偏心跟管钻具。以期能够解决高陡边坡堆积体锚固成孔困难、效率低、造价高的难题。     

复杂环境下受煤坑基坑复合土钉墙支护施工

对于周边环境极其复杂的受煤基坑,设计与施工方案是否合理,关系到正常的生产、安全以及后期的维修工程。为了提高支护效果,避免多次反复维修,结合平顶山八矿支护工程,采用桩锚支护、土钉墙挂网喷砼支护、预应力土钉加固联合支护的方案,取得了良好效果。信息化施工方法的观测表明,基坑水平位移及其周围建筑物的沉降量都在安全范围,保证了基坑和周边建筑物的安全。     

四川省某长江大桥引道滑坡形成机理及处治措施

四川省某长江大桥引道K11＋580～K11＋725段原设计为填方,在填筑的过程中,填筑路堤及斜坡面出现不规则的裂缝,经现场勘察确定该段填方路堤筑于古滑坡上,填方加载作用引起古滑坡局部复活;结合支挡、减载、排水等处治措施,制定了预应力锚索抗滑桩、普通抗滑桩、桥梁三个方案,从经济、合理的角度考虑,采用锚索抗滑桩方案。     

格构梁与锚管注浆复合结构加固裂隙 岩质边坡的应用研究

格构梁与锚管注浆复合结构是治理滑坡的一种有效措施,文中系统阐述了格构梁与锚管注浆复合结构的作用机理、格构梁简化为受多个集中力作用的弹性地基梁进行计算的原理与步骤以及锚管注浆加固裂隙岩体的设计实施过程,并将其应用于常张高速公路K129边坡的治理中,取得了满意的结果,可为同类工程提供有意义的参考。     

预应力抗拔锚索的防腐设计施工措施

在作为建筑物的抗拉或抗拔构件方面,尤其是预应力抗拔锚索的防腐问题,尚需要在具体工程施工中,不断地总结和提高。笔者结合工程实例介绍预应力抗拔锚索的防腐设计施工措施。     

Three-dimensional numerical analysis of the keying of vertically installed plate anchors in clay

Plate anchors, such as suction embedded plate anchors and vertically driven plate anchors, offer economically attractive anchoring solutions for deep/ultra-deep water offshore developments. The rotation/keying processes of plate anchors will cause embedment losses, which lead to decreases of the uplift resistances of the anchors in normally consolidated soil. In the present paper, the keying processes of vertically installed strip and square plate anchors are simulated using the 3-D large deformation finite element method. The effects of loading eccentricity and pullout angle on the embedment loss during keying are investigated. Both the development of the uplift resistance and the soil flow mechanisms are presented. The numerical results show that the loading eccentricity e/B has a much larger effect on the embedment loss than the pullout angle does. The anchor shape has a minimal effect on the loss in anchor embedment. The shape factors (square/strip) are 1.05–1.09 for loss of embedment and 1.10–1.19 for capacity.     

苏州地区深基坑锚杆支护的应用实例

苏州地区地层多为粉质粘土夹粉土,含水量较大,呈软塑至流塑状态,对深基坑支护极为不利。苏州世茂运河城深基坑支护工程选用护坡桩＋土层锚杆方案。锚杆设计为三层,间距为1.5m,承载力分别为250、280和220kN,有效锚固段长度分别为13、14.4和14m,杆体选用1860级75mm钢铰线。每层锚杆施工完成后,均进行了验收试验。试验结果表明,各层锚杆的承载力完全满足设计要求,而且安全储备很大,证明锚杆在软塑土层中的应用是可行的。     

高地应力地下厂房预应力锚索预紧系数

为了有效控制围岩大变形,避免围岩破坏,常常对围岩变形突出的高边墙、洞室交叉口区域采用预应力锚索加固。目前,对于具有时效变形特征的高地应力、低强度应力比的地下厂房锚索预紧力相关研究尚较少报道。以锦屏一级水电站地下厂房为代表的高地应力地下厂房,在围岩开挖过程中表现出显著的时效变形特征,从而导致锚索、锚杆内力持续增加,甚至内力超出强度极限而破坏。为合理设置锚索预紧力,基于围岩时效变形特征,提出了围岩时效释放荷载计算方法,并推导了预应力锚索预紧系数计算公式。该公式可以解释不同地应力环境以及不同支护强度、不同施锚时间对锚索预紧力的影响。与锦屏一级地下厂房锚索预紧系数实际采用值对比分析可见,所提出的预紧系数公式较为合理,具有工程实践指导作用。     

拉压分散型锚索锚固机制及工程应用研究

近年来,结合拉力型、压力型以及荷载分散型锚索特点于一体的拉压分散型锚索在工程中有一定的应用,但内锚固段锚固机制以及设计方法研究尚不成熟。基于Kelvin解,分别推导拉力分散型锚索和压力分散型锚索的内锚固段与周围岩土体之间的剪应力解析解,再根据叠加原理得到了拉压分散型锚索内锚固段剪应力简化计算方法;基于理论成果将拉压分散型锚索应用于工程实例中,分别进行了拉压分散型锚索的基本性能试验及与拉力分散型锚索的预应力损失对比测试。通过算例分析结果表明,单元锚固体的两端剪应力较大,中间较小,剪应力的分布特征与现有文献资料模型试验及数值模拟结果相吻合;根据锚索的基本性能试验结果,按照本文计算方法得到了压力段和拉力段剪应力峰值强度,与已有的研究成果根据岩石单轴抗压强度得到的压力型和拉力型锚杆锚固段剪应力峰值强度结果基本吻合;经对锚索预应力损失测试结果分析及工程的长期监测,拉压分散型锚索在工程应用中荷载传递稳定可靠,工程应用效果良好。     

Evaluation of the uplift behavior of plate anchor in structured marine clay

The uplift behavior of a plate anchor in a structured clay (soft Ariake clay) is investigated through a series of laboratory tests and method of finite element analysis. The tests are adopted to identify the factors influencing the behavior of the anchor, including the thixotropic nature of Ariake clay, consolidation time, and embedment ratio of the anchor. A finite element method (FEM) is used to analyze and predict the uplift behavior of the anchor plate well in the elastic region and the yield load. The results from both the laboratory tests and the FEM analysis suggest that the embedment ratio for a deep anchor in Ariake clay is close to 4. Further increase in embedment ratio improves the capacity to a lesser extent. FEM overestimates the failure load of the uplift anchor in soft Ariake clay by about 20%. This may be ascribed to the hypothesis in the FEM analysis that there is continuous contact between the clay and the anchor until failure. Vesic’s theory for deep anchors, which may be used to predict the ultimate pullout resistance of the plate anchor in reconstituted Ariake clay, is verified to be applicable. In this paper, the plastic flow zone around the anchor is discussed using FEM which makes the behavior of anchor more understandable during the design stage.