钦州红树林寒害调查及无瓣海桑耐寒性初探

介绍钦州市2008年初红树林的受灾情况及其成灾的原因分析,并根据近年引种的无瓣海桑造林成败,通过其越冬条件及几个极限温度的进一步对比分析,对无瓣海桑的耐寒性进行了初步的探讨,为保护和改善钦州市沿海红树林生态环境提供了科学依据.     

容许土壤流失量的研究现状及其设想

成土速率、土地生产力和沟蚀的控制程度是容许土壤流失量（[WTBX]T值）制定中必不可少的因素。国际上现有的T值标准主要是从土层厚度和成土速率出发,并结合实际应用的可能而定。详述了T[WTBZ]值的研究历史其主要影响因素,介绍了利用Barth模型和基于风险评价理论的[WTBX]T值的估算方法,对现有T值研究方法和研究结果中存在的问题进行了分析,提出了T[WTBZ]值应该从土壤形成速率特性（自然属性）、合理的生产力水平持续性（社会属性）、水土环境的长久安全性（自然和社会属性）几方面属性进行相应的研究。     

盐湖生物发育特征及其烃源意义

盐湖类盆地(咸化湖盆)发育了许多陆相大油气田,但其生物发育特征却因组成复杂与种类独特而认识较模糊,是石油地质地球化学和湖相沉积学领域的重要科学问题。为加深对其理解,本文综述了盐湖(咸化湖盆)环境中生物发育的特征,并讨论了其烃源意义。结果表明,盐湖(咸化湖盆)并不是传统认为的"生物荒漠",而是随盐度增加生物种类减少但生物量并不减少,可以有较高生产力,形成优质烃源岩。盐湖(咸化湖盆)中的生物系统组成异常复杂,包括高等植物、藻类、缺氧光合细菌、厌氧化能自养细菌、脊椎动物、无脊椎动物、古菌等,且生物不是均匀而是呈层分布,不同种类生物的耐盐度也各不相同。盐湖(咸化湖盆)生物的生物标记物及其数量关系对环境具有指示意义,生物及其盐度变化影响着与烃源岩有机质丰度相关的生产量、破坏量和稀释量等,进而影响油气生烃。未来仍有许多科学问题有待进一步深化研究,如盐湖(咸化湖盆)生物种类及数量、各生物生烃贡献比例、生物生产量、破坏量和稀释量的影响机制、成烃模式和机制、盐湖(咸化湖盆)形成的机制等。     

A matter of tolerance: Distribution potential of scyphozoan polyps in a changing environment

Jellyfish blooms are unpredictable, unsustainable events, frequently affecting aquatic ecosystems severely. Of particular interest are the consequences of environmental change for jellyfish populations, especially in semi‐enclosed habitats. Regional and seasonal changes in water chemistry and physics may control the distribution of sessile polyps in the Baltic Sea, hence potentially driving the population dynamics of the two abundant medusa species Aurelia aurita and Cyanea capillata (Scyphozoa, Cnidaria). In laboratory experiments, settlement, growth, survival and physiological condition of A. aurita polyps were investigated at different levels of water temperature, pH and salinity. Survival and physiological condition of C. capillata polyps were examined after exposure to low salinity levels. Increased settlement of A. aurita planula larvae was observed on substrate plates at low temperature (4°C), low pH (7.4) and low salinity (7.5 psu), whereas early polyp growth was constrained by salinity ≤10 psu. Aurelia aurita polyps were in good physiological condition over the whole temperature range, while exposure to pH <6.5 led to stepwise tissue degradation. Salinity reduction to ≤5 and ≤8 psu caused irreversible degeneration of A. aurita and C. capillata polyps, respectively. Observed physiological limits suggest distribution of polyp populations of A. aurita in central and of C. capillata in western parts of the Baltic Sea, while future climate changes may particularly restrict occurrence of the less tolerant C. capillata.     

东北黑土区容许土壤流失量研究(英文)

Soil loss tolerance(T) is the maximum rate of annual soil erosion that is tolerated and still allows a high level of crop productivity to be sustained economically and indefinitely.In the black soil region of Northeast China,an empirically determined,default T value of 200(t/km2?a) is used for designing land restoration strategies for different types of soils.The ob-jective of this study was to provide a methodology to calculate a quantitative T for different black soil species.A field investigation was conducted to determine the typical soil profiles of 21 black soil species in the study area and a quantitative methodology based on a modified soil productivity index model was established to calculate the T values.These values,which varied from 68 t/km2?a to 358 t/km2?a,yielded an average T value of 141 t/km2?a for the 21 soil species.This is 29.5% lower than the current national standard T value.Two significant factors that influenced the T value were soil thickness and vulnerability to erosion.An ac-ceptable reduction rate of soil productivity over a planned time period of 1% is recommended as necessary for maintaining long-term sustainable soil productivity.Compared with the cur-rently used of regional unified standard T value,the proposed method,which determines T using specific soil profile indices,has more practical implications for effective,sustainable management of soil and water conservation.     

Salinity tolerance and growth response of juvenile <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oreochromis mossambicus</Emphasis> at different salinity levels

1　Introduction　Theuseofnaturalresources ,includingthosebeingofseeminglymarginalvalue ,isanimportanthumanactivitydesignedtoincreasefoodproductionandin come .Inagriculture ,soilsmaybetoosalinetosup portprofitablecrophusbandry ,yetsuchsoilmaybeusedalternat…     

GIS结点捕捉的广义算法及误差传播模型

根据最小二乘原理，本文提出了结点捕捉的一种广义算法，并建立了伴随的误差传播模型，针对位于模糊公差范围内待捕捉点组中各点坐标误差统计我的各种可能的特殊情况，进一步导出了相应的简化算法以及其误差传播模型，并从理论和数值模拟两方面系统地分析了结点坐标的相准确性一对捕捉结果的影响，理论推导表明，现有的GIS结点捕捉算法属广义算法的一种特殊情况，最后通过算例说明了广义算法和误差传播模型的实际应用前景。     

The salinity tolerance of benthic invertebrates of the Aral Sea

Experiments to determine the upper limits of potential salinity tolerance of four species of Aral Sea benthic macroinvertebrates were carried out. Invertebrates of marine origin tolerate salinity increases up to 70–90 g L^–1, and the gastropodCaspiohydrobia, up to 100–110 g L^–1. It was concluded that the express-method based on the estimation of salinity resistance of isolated tissues cannot be used to estimate the limits of tolerance. The prediction is made that bivalve molluscs and polychaetes will remain in the Aral Sea until the salinity increases to 60–70 g L^–1, but perhaps gastropods will tolerate salinity increases to 100–110 g L^–1.     

建筑工程施工平面控制测量精度的确定和实现

本文论述了建筑工程施工控制测量的特点,并根据工程施工要求,运用平差理论,分析并确定测量中误差,最后探讨了经纬仪标称精度和测量技术标准。本文的论述可以使建筑工程测量更趋于合理,易于实现。     

无人机遥感组网冗余容错的研究

针对无人机在遥感遥测领域组网过程中存在的随机故障,进而导致无人机在任务执行过程中任一约束的及时响应缺失,将会影响任务总体结果或导致整个任务部分及完全失败的问题,论文提出无人机遥感组网冗余容错方法。该方法采用领航—跟随的无人机编队飞行模式,多台组网无人机稳定可靠完成指定的飞行任务,验证了冗余容错方法,解决了无人机遥感组网冗余容错技术中的有和无的问题。