四种主要经济贝类的热忍受研究

对中国 4 种经济贝类--泥蚶 Tegillarca granosa、长牡蛎 Crassostrea gigas、缢蛏Sinonovacula constricta 和贻贝 Mytilus galloprovincialis Larmark 的临界热最大值(CTMax)进行了室内热效应模拟研究.结果表明:在夏季自然起始水温为 28.0 ℃时, 泥蚶、长牡蛎、缢蛏和贻贝的 48-h CTMax 分别为 39.3 ℃,38.8 ℃,38.3 ℃和 32.2 ℃.泥蚶、长牡蛎、缢蛏和贻贝的热忍受能力分别为泥蚶＞长牡蛎＞缢蛏＞贻贝.     

Long-Term Trend in Ozone and Erythemal UV at Indian Latitudes

The role of atmospheric ozone to protect the living organisms and vegetation from the harmful effects of ultraviolet irradiation is well known. Depletion of the ozone layer is a great threat to the human society. In this paper we have discussed the lethal effects of ozone depletion and have presented the ozone and UV-B scenarios from 1979 to 2005 at different Indian latitudes using satellite data. The erythemal UV irradiance data obtained from Nimbus-7 and Earth probe total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) and the tropospheric and stratospheric ozone data obtained from the convective cloud differential (CCD) method have been used to study the variability of erythemal UV irradiance and the stratospheric and tropospheric column ozone, respectively, over a period from 1979 to 2005. The observed results along with the expected upper and lower tolerance limits for tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, respectively, for different Indian latitudes, which have been estimated statistically using monthly mean CCD ozone data from 1979 to 2005 have been discussed in detail.     

西鄂尔多斯地区强旱生小灌木水分参数的研究(Ⅰ)

绵刺、红砂、四合木、霸王柴为东阿拉善-西鄂尔多斯地区的超旱生灌木。本文运用PV技术对绵刺、红砂、四合木、霸王柴的多种水分关系参数(ψ_π¹⁰⁰、ψ₀、F₀、RWC⁰等)进行了测定,并通过测得的各水分参数从水分生理角度对这四种超旱生小灌木的耐旱性进行了比较分析。研究表明:①绵刺、红砂、四合木、霸王柴具有不同的耐旱机理,红砂主要体现为增加细胞溶质浓度的渗透调节,而四合木表现为较小的细胞体积(低的F₀值)和较强的持水能力(较大的AWC值和V_a/V₀值)。②红砂具有非常低的ψ_π¹⁰⁰值(-3.1302MPa)与ψ₀值(-3.5074MPa),体现出其具有很强的保持最大膨压和维持低水势的能力。③四合木的F₀值(52.12%)很低,而AWC值(87.43%)和V_a/V₀值(7.8092)却很高,说明四合木具有较强的忍耐水分胁迫能力和抗脱水能力。④绵刺的根茎系统具有快速吸收和传导水分的能力,可能与其具有劈裂式生长的特征有关。⑤经过对数据的统计学检验分析,证明PV技术具有良好的重复性。     

容许土壤流失量的研究现状及其设想

成土速率、土地生产力和沟蚀的控制程度是容许土壤流失量（[WTBX]T值）制定中必不可少的因素。国际上现有的T值标准主要是从土层厚度和成土速率出发,并结合实际应用的可能而定。详述了T[WTBZ]值的研究历史其主要影响因素,介绍了利用Barth模型和基于风险评价理论的[WTBX]T值的估算方法,对现有T值研究方法和研究结果中存在的问题进行了分析,提出了T[WTBZ]值应该从土壤形成速率特性（自然属性）、合理的生产力水平持续性（社会属性）、水土环境的长久安全性（自然和社会属性）几方面属性进行相应的研究。     

东北黑土区容许土壤流失量研究(英文)

Soil loss tolerance(T) is the maximum rate of annual soil erosion that is tolerated and still allows a high level of crop productivity to be sustained economically and indefinitely.In the black soil region of Northeast China,an empirically determined,default T value of 200(t/km2?a) is used for designing land restoration strategies for different types of soils.The ob-jective of this study was to provide a methodology to calculate a quantitative T for different black soil species.A field investigation was conducted to determine the typical soil profiles of 21 black soil species in the study area and a quantitative methodology based on a modified soil productivity index model was established to calculate the T values.These values,which varied from 68 t/km2?a to 358 t/km2?a,yielded an average T value of 141 t/km2?a for the 21 soil species.This is 29.5% lower than the current national standard T value.Two significant factors that influenced the T value were soil thickness and vulnerability to erosion.An ac-ceptable reduction rate of soil productivity over a planned time period of 1% is recommended as necessary for maintaining long-term sustainable soil productivity.Compared with the cur-rently used of regional unified standard T value,the proposed method,which determines T using specific soil profile indices,has more practical implications for effective,sustainable management of soil and water conservation.     

钦州红树林寒害调查及无瓣海桑耐寒性初探

介绍钦州市2008年初红树林的受灾情况及其成灾的原因分析,并根据近年引种的无瓣海桑造林成败,通过其越冬条件及几个极限温度的进一步对比分析,对无瓣海桑的耐寒性进行了初步的探讨,为保护和改善钦州市沿海红树林生态环境提供了科学依据.     

高速铁路CPⅢ控制网平面观测粗差探测方法研究

CPⅢ控制网平面测量精度要求高、外业观测数据量大。如何进行CPⅢ控制网外业观测数据的粗差探测并进行精度评定,是CPⅢ控制网测量实践的重要内容之一。本文在充分研究CPⅢ平面控制网网形特点的基础上,引申出CPⅢ网纵横向较差的概念,并提出粗差检测方法。通过验证,该方法可以有效剔除含有粗差的外业观测数据,提高CPⅢ网的可靠性和...     

条纹小环藻对Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋耐受力和吸附作用的研究

研究了条纹小环藻（Cyclotella striata）对Cu2＋和Zn2＋的耐受力、吸附率和吸附量的作用规律.结果表明：Cu2＋和Zn2＋对条纹小环藻的生长影响显著（p〈0.05）,随着Cu2＋、Zn2＋含量的升高,其对条纹小环藻生长的抑制作用增大;当Cu2＋和Zn2＋的含量分别高于4.00×10-3、0.01 mg/dm3时,其对条纹小环藻的生长几乎没有影响;Cu2＋和Zn2＋对条纹小环藻生长的半抑制含量分别为0.26、11.17 mg/dm3.Cu2＋含量为1.00 mg/dm3和Zn2＋含量为50.00 mg/dm3的组合,对条纹小环藻生长的抑制率达72.28%,Cu2＋对条纹小环藻的毒性大于Zn2＋.条纹小环藻对Cu2＋、Zn2＋吸附效果良好,当藻细胞含量为2.45×107cells/dm3时,对Cu2＋的吸附率为63.00%;当藻细胞含量为1.75×107cells/dm3时,对Zn2＋的吸附率为60.52%;条纹小环藻对Cu2＋和Zn2＋的吸附量分别为9.26 mg/g（21.30×10-9mg/cell）和20.06 mg/g（46.15×10-9mg/cell）时,Cu2＋和Zn2＋对条纹小环藻不会产生明显毒性.     

Assessing the potential for satellite image monitoring of seagrass thermal dynamics: for inter- and shallow sub-tidal seagrasses in the inshore Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area,Australia

Seagrass meadows are at increasing risk of thermal stress and recent work has shown that water temperature around seagrass meadows could be used as an indicator for seagrass condition. Satellite thermal data have not been linked to the thermal properties of seagrass meadows. This work assessed the covariation between 20 in situ average daily temperature logger measurement sites in tropical seagrass meadows and satellite derived daytime SST (sea surface temperature) from the daytime MODIS and Landsat sensors along the Great Barrier Reef coast in Australia. Statistically significant (R²?=?0.787–0.939) positive covariations were found between in situ seagrass logger temperatures and MODIS SST temperature and Landsat sensor temperatures at all sites along the reef. The MODIS SST were consistently higher than in situ temperature at the majority of the sites, possibly due to the sensor’s larger pixel size and location offset from field sites. Landsat thermal data were lower than field-measured SST, due to differences in measurement scales and times. When refined significantly and tested over larger areas, this approach could be used to monitor seagrass health over large (10⁶?km²) areas in a similar manner to using satellite SST for predicting thermal stress for corals.