全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5461篇 |
免费 | 931篇 |
国内免费 | 888篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 867篇 |
大气科学 | 511篇 |
地球物理 | 2144篇 |
地质学 | 1877篇 |
海洋学 | 664篇 |
天文学 | 223篇 |
综合类 | 491篇 |
自然地理 | 503篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 23篇 |
2023年 | 84篇 |
2022年 | 134篇 |
2021年 | 231篇 |
2020年 | 263篇 |
2019年 | 277篇 |
2018年 | 223篇 |
2017年 | 275篇 |
2016年 | 275篇 |
2015年 | 269篇 |
2014年 | 323篇 |
2013年 | 402篇 |
2012年 | 340篇 |
2011年 | 317篇 |
2010年 | 271篇 |
2009年 | 282篇 |
2008年 | 343篇 |
2007年 | 329篇 |
2006年 | 318篇 |
2005年 | 276篇 |
2004年 | 246篇 |
2003年 | 222篇 |
2002年 | 209篇 |
2001年 | 152篇 |
2000年 | 162篇 |
1999年 | 157篇 |
1998年 | 165篇 |
1997年 | 139篇 |
1996年 | 108篇 |
1995年 | 96篇 |
1994年 | 77篇 |
1993年 | 67篇 |
1992年 | 47篇 |
1991年 | 39篇 |
1990年 | 37篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有7280条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
M.E. Platell H.P. Ang S.A. Hesp I.C. Potter 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,72(4):626-634
Seasonal samples from Shark Bay on the west coast of Australia were used to determine (1) the habitats occupied by the juveniles and adults of Acanthopagrus latus in this large subtropical marine embayment and (2) the extent to which the dietary composition of this sparid is influenced by habitat type, body length and season. Sampling was undertaken in two habitat types in which A. latus was known to be abundant, namely mangrove (Avicennia marina) creeks and nearby rocky areas, the latter comprising sandstone boulders and/or limestone reefs. The mean total length ±95% CLs of A. latus was far lower in mangrove creeks, 126 ± 6.1 mm, than in rocky areas, 313 ± 4.7 mm. As A. latus attains maturity at ca. 245 mm, the juveniles of this species typically occupy mangrove areas and then, with increasing body size, move to nearshore rocky areas, where they become adults. The species composition of the food ingested by juvenile A. latus in mangrove creeks differed markedly from that of large juveniles and adults in rocky areas. Based on analyses of data for both habitat types combined, this difference was far greater than that between size classes and season, which was negligible. There were indications, however, that, overall within each habitat, the dietary composition did change seasonally, although not with body size. Acanthopagrus latus fed predominantly on mangrove material, sesarmid crabs and small gastropods in mangrove habitats, and mainly on Brachidontes ustulatus in rocky areas, where this mytilid bivalve is very abundant. The mangrove material, which contributed nearly 40% of its overall dietary volume in mangrove creeks, consisted mainly of lateral root primordia. This apparently unique food source for a teleost is presumably ingested through subsurface nipping, which would be facilitated by the mouth and dentitional characteristics of sparids. The almost total lack of correspondence in the dietary compositions of fish in the length class that was well represented in both mangrove and rocky areas illustrates the extent to which this sparid is capable of opportunistic feeding behaviour. 相似文献
42.
The effects on ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and NADH cytochrorne b5 reductase activities of digestive gland in Meretrix meretrix exposed to tributyltin (TBT) at environmental levels (0.1,1.0,10.0 ng/dm as stannum concentration),in experimental condition, were evaluated. The EROD, NADH cytochrorne b5 reductase activities were significantly inhibited after exposure to 10.0 ng/dm^3 TBT for 8 and 20 d, the NADPH cytochrorne c reductase activities were significantly inhibited after exposure to 0.1,1.0 and 10.0 ng/dm TBT for 8 d and to 1.0 and 10.0 ng/dm for 20 d, as compared with the matched control, while NADH cytochrorne b5 reductases and NADPH cytochrome c reductase activities were induced after exposure to 10.0 ng/dm^3 TBT for 2 d. The EROD activity in the 10 ng/dm^3 group,and the NADH cytochrome b5 reductases activities in 1.0 and 10.0 ng/dm groups, were significantly induced when transferred to clean recovery tanks for 7 d. The three enzymic activities in the clams exposed to TBT were recovered to the level corresponding to that of the control group after transfer to clean recovery tanks for 20 d. NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity in Meretrix meretrix seems to be more sensitive to exposure of TBT than that of the EROD and NADH cytochrome b5 reductases. The results suggest that induction and inhibition by TBT to the monooxygenase system enzymic activity in Meretrix meretrix would simultaneously exist. The enzymic activities were inhibited by exposure for a long time. The results suggest that inhibition of the monooxygenase system should be an indication of the exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TBT for a long time. 相似文献
43.
根据多层神经网络映射存在定理,提出了基于神经网络响应面和塑性极限分析理论的结构系统可靠性分析的新方法。数值试验表明,该方法可以快速、高质量地求出结构系统可靠性指标,是一个具有发展前景的新方法。 相似文献
44.
一种基于BP算法学习的小波神经网络 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
为发展 Szu的基于信号表示的小波神经网络 ,提出一种多输入多输出的小波网络模型 ,网络隐层采用框架小波函数、输出层采用 Sigmoid激励函数 ,并选用“熵误差函数”以加速网络的学习速度。奇偶判别和混沌时间序列预测例子的实验结果表明了它具有良好的函数逼近能力和推广能力 ,收敛速度和均方误差均优于相同结构的多层感知器模型。 相似文献
45.
46.
Geochemical and hydrodynamic constraints on the distribution of trace metal concentrations in the lagoon of Nouméa, New Caledonia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christophe Migon Sylvain Ouillon Xavier Mari Emmanuel Nicolas 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,74(4):756
Seawater samples were collected in the lagoon of Nouméa (southwest New Caledonia) along two transects from eutrophic coastal bays to the oligotrophic barrier reef. Land-based emissions to the lagoon were measured with dissolved and particulate concentrations of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni), used as tracers of both terrigenous and industrial (Ni ore treatment) activities, as well as dissolved and particulate concentrations of zinc (Zn), used as a tracer of urban effluents. The spatial variability of metal concentrations was related to geochemical and hydrodynamic conditions, i.e., respectively: (1) natural and anthropogenic emission sources, and chemical processes occurring in the water column; and (2) water residence times. The parameter used to describe the residence time of water masses was the local e-flushing time, i.e. the time required for a tracer mass contained within a given station to be reduced by a factor 1/e. High metal concentrations were found in coastal areas (up to 9000 ng dissolved Ni L−1), and steeply decreased with distance from the coast (down to 101 ng dissolved Ni L−1 near the barrier reef) to reach levels similar to those found in remote Pacific waters, suggesting a rapid renewal of waters close to the barrier. Distributions of metals in the lagoon are controlled upstream by land-based emission sources and later chemical processes. Then hydrodynamics constrain metal distributions, as shown by the observed relationship between local e-flushing times and the spatial variability of metal concentrations. In addition, a change in the direction of prevailing winds yielded a decrease of dissolved metal concentrations at the same site by a factor of 2.5 (Cr and Ni) and 2.9 (Zn). It is suggested that the residence time is a key parameter in the control of elemental concentrations in the lagoon waters, as much as land-based emission sources. 相似文献
47.
海底油气集输管网可靠性评估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对海底油气集输管网进行了可靠性评估,提出了一种适用于树状海底油气集输管网可靠性评价的方法,将流可靠度和单元重要度的概念引入到海底油气集输管网可靠性的分析中,该方法能够有效地评价海底油气集输管网的可靠性。 相似文献
48.
49.
近海工程环境应用中各种风资料的平均时间分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文从近海工程设计应用的需要出发,对于通常使用的不同来源的测风资料平均时间进行了分析,这些资料来源包括:岸边及近海探查与生产设施上的气象台站、天气观测船、浮标、商船气象报、从受灾情况估计出的极大风速以及动力诊断模型估计出的海面风速。 相似文献
50.
可靠性约束下的海底油气集输管网系统优化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在管网系统满足一定可靠度的基础上,以费用最小为优化目标,对系统进行了优化,求出了满足一定可靠度指标的费用最小的管网布置方案。对树状网络可靠性进行了评估,提出了一个0-l规划模型,并运用图论和网络理论将管网系统的优化问题转变为求可靠度至少为α的网络固的最小生成树问题。 相似文献