Impact of dynamic sedimentation on facies heterogeneities in Lower Cretaceous peritidal deposits of central east Oman

This study, based in the Haushi‐Huqf area of central east Oman, aims to characterize the controls on facies distribution and geometries of some of the best preserved examples of Lower Cretaceous tidal flat facies within the Tethyan epeiric platform. Field, petrographic and geochemical data were acquired from the Barremian–Aptian Jurf and Qishn formations that crop out in a 500 × 1000 m² butte, thus allowing for pseudo three‐dimensional quantitative data acquisition of the dimensions and spatial distributions of discontinuity surfaces and sedimentary bodies. The interpretation presented here suggests that the main processes impacting sedimentation in the Lower Cretaceous peritidal environment of the Haushi‐Huqf were transport and erosion processes related to storm waves and currents. The vertical evolution of the carbonate system is organized into six types of metre‐scale depositional sequences, from subtidal dominated sequences to supratidal‐capped sequences, which are bounded by regional discontinuity surfaces. At subaerial exposure and submarine erosion surfaces associated with a base level shift, sedimentary horizons along the entire depositional profile are cut by scours possibly created by storm events. Chemostratigraphy allows correlation between the Haushi‐Huqf and the age‐equivalent sections logged in the interior of the platform in Oman. The correlation suggests that the change from subtidal to intertidal depositional sequences during the late highstand is coeval with the development of rudist dominated shoals on the shelf. This study is the first to discuss the controls on Lower Cretaceous peritidal carbonate cyclicity of the Arabian epeiric platform. The results presented here also offer a unique quantitative dataset of the distribution and dimensions of peritidal carbonate shoals and storm scours in a regional sequence stratigraphic context.     

Cainozoic Stratigraphy of the lake Eyre basin and part of the arid region lying to the South

The Cainozoic history of the Lake Eyre region opened with a period of deep weathering during which many of the older rocks were extensively kaolinized. Following erosion and later deposition of a thin sheet of Tertiary fluviatile deposits, a period of weathering resulted in the widespread formation of silcrete. Another period of erosion and deposition was followed by soil formation and minor silici‐fication.

An important period of erosion followed during which some of the main elements of the present landscape were outlined. Warping during this interval gave rise to shallow basins in which lacustrine sediments accumulated. At about the same time, a system of mound springs developed near the western margin of the Great Artesian Basin. Another major period of erosion followed, by which time the main topographic features of the present landscape had evolved. This last event probably took place near the close of the Tertiary. Throughout the Tertiary, drainage was external and ancestral Lake Eyre remained fresh.

The Quaternary was characterized by four periods of aeolian and, to a lesser extent, water erosion and deposition alternating with periods of landscape stability, when weathering and soil formation took place.

Throughout the Cainozoic there was an alternation of relatively humid and dry periods, but true aridity and internal drainage did not appear until the Quaternary. Sand ridges were not formed until the late Quaternary. Intervals of gentle warping occurred from time to time during the Tertiary, but the Quaternary has for the most part been a period of stability. These events have given rise to a sequence of distinctive rock and soil‐stratigraphic units whose characteristics are considered in some detail.     

Groundwater mixing in a sand-island freshwater lens: density-dependent flow and stratigraphic controls

This paper focuses on a small back-barrier sand-island on the southeast coast of Queensland. The freshwater lens in the study area exhibits anomalously high short-range salinity gradients at shallow depths, which cannot be explained using a standard seawater intrusion model. The island groundwater system consists of two aquifers: a semiconfined aquifer hosting saline to hypersaline groundwater and an overlying unconfined freshwater aquifer. The deeper aquifer is semiconfined within an incised paleovalley, and groundwater flow is restricted to an east – west direction. Tidal response observations show that the tidal signal propagates far more rapidly and is of much higher magnitude in the semiconfined aquifer than the unconfined aquifer. The tidal wave-pulse amplitude is also subject to greater attenuation in the unconfined aquifer. A conceptual hydrogeological model illustrates how upwelling of hypersaline groundwater, induced by density-dependent flow and tidal pumping, has contaminated the shallow groundwater resource. Salinisation at shallow depths is restricted to an area proximal to the paleovalley aquifer. The spatial distribution of lithological heterogeneity is an initial limiting control on the movement of the upwelling saline plume. The extent of shallow groundwater contamination is also limited by the presence of a baroclinic field, resulting from lateral variations in fluid density. Hydrochemical signatures have been used to support the model hypothesis and link the salinisation of fresh groundwater with the semiconfined aquifer as opposed to the surrounding estuarine surface water. The geometry and thickness of the freshwater lens are further controlled by the presence of the largely impermeable bedrock paleosurface between 9 and 12 m depth. The combination of hypersaline groundwater and hydraulically restrictive lithology at shallow depths has produced excessive thinning of the freshwater lens, demonstrating that the application of a model such as the Dupuit – Ghyben – Herzberg relationship would grossly overestimate the available groundwater resource.     

延吉—珲春地区圆砾层地基承载力研究

延吉—珲春地区的圆砾层是该区域工程建设经常利用的土层.为了获取圆砾层可靠的地基承载力数据,探讨确定地基承载力适宜的测试手段和方法,以及检验以前地基承载力数据的可靠度,采用载荷试验和重型圆锥动力触探试验原位测试方法对圆砾层的地基承载力进行了测试研究,获取了十二组地基承载力特征值、变形模量和重型圆锥动力触探锤击数试验数据.通过对试验数据的统计分析,得到了圆砾层地基承载力特征值的范围,得出地基承载力特征值、变形模量与重型圆锥动力触探锤击数线性相关的结论.据此,提出了适合当地工程地质条件的根据重型圆锥动力触探锤击数计算圆砾层地基承载力特征值和变形模量的经验公式.为延吉—珲春地区岩土工程勘察工作能够准确可靠、便捷、经济地确定圆砾层地基承载力特征值和变形模量提供了依据和方法,并为吉林省其他地区圆砾层地基承载力的研究提供了参考.     

基于集对分析的膨胀土胀缩性Vague集评价模型

膨胀土胀缩性等级评价是膨胀土地区工程治理中的首要问题。本文探讨了基于集对分析的膨胀土胀缩性等级评价模型,以克服膨胀土胀缩性评价指标的不确定性和复杂性。模型以Vague集描述膨胀土胀缩性等级的确定性和不确定性,并应用集对分析构造Vague集的隶属函数。通过实例应用及与其他方法评价结果的对比分析,表明该模型应用于膨胀土胀缩性等级评价是有效可行的,且具有判断结果准确、易于操作等优点。     

四川石棉大水沟碲矿床区域地球化学特征

大水沟碲矿床具有良好的多金属矿集区的区域成矿地球化学背景。研究表明大水沟碲矿床碲成矿物质可能源于深部,且与小金河一箐河等深大断裂有密切联系。     

地震结构爆裂理论与短临预测

在地震结构爆裂动力学理论基础上,揭示了临震前兆波的客观机制。作为储能体的地震包体,其流体压力达到覆盖岩层的断裂强度和重力之和时,在引潮力的作用下,包体发生局部破裂,裂纹发生扩张,产生破裂流和破裂波,交替发生冲击加载和垮塌卸载,同潮汐波叠加,形成地震前兆共振波,以相速度和群速度向围岩传播,其振动频率和周期表征包体的固有频率和周期。波速和周期均可以被灵敏度高和抗干扰性能强的PS100HRT地电仪在地震爆发前捕捉到,从而可用于确定地震的震中和震级。依据共振波出现后振幅随时间增加的规律,月潮规则,可以确定发震时间。地震和临震理论以及诊断技术均已经成熟,中国有望在世界上首先实现地震预报。查清地震包体,地震能可以如同油气那样供人类利用。     

地震恢复重建规划区地质灾害特征及危险性评价

通过收集有关资料和实地勘察,描述并总结了四川省青川县板桥乡城建设用地地质灾害的发育特征。根据地质灾害点目前的稳定状态和潜在危害程度,定性评价了区内各地质灾害点的危险性。并基于各地质灾害点的危险程度,综合区内的地形地貌、地质条件和人为因素、气象水文条件,对青）ll县板桥乡地质灾害危险性进行了分区,为建设用地的规划设计提供了依据：     

四川省九龙县里伍铜矿矿床地球化学特征

通过对里伍铜矿地球化学特征:包裹体地球化学、稳定同位素地球化学、放射性同位素地球化学的研究,探讨里伍铜矿成矿物质来源,成矿流体来源,成矿时代,为探讨里伍铜矿成因类型和找矿提供理论依据。     

太原地区主要污染物污染的气象特征

选用2002年太原地区6个环境监测站主要污染物逐时浓度监测资料和山西省观象台逐时的气象观测资料,系统的统计分析了太原地区主要污染物浓度的时空分布特征,其中包括SO2和可吸入颗粒物PM10平均浓度的逐月变化、采暖期和非采暖期平均浓度的逐时变化,以及主要污染物浓度与地面常规气象要素的相关性。揭示了各代表站主要污染物污染的年、日变化趋势、采暖期和非采暖期日变化的差异,并分析了春季大风天气时PM10与SO2污染浓度的变化特征。