PREDICTING SHORELINE CHANGES AT TIDAL INLETS ON A DEVELOPED COAST

Implementation of shore protection measures at tidal inlets in New Jersey has reduced the rate of shoreline change and altered mechanisms for sediment transfer. Shoreline mobility has been reduced to 19 percent of pre-development rates updrift of inlets where new breaches in the islands are prevented by bulkheads or accretion related to human activities. Rates of change downdrift of inlets have been influenced by protection structures and channel dredging. A conversion from cyclic to unidirectional shoreline change has occurred in some areas. Prediction of future changes must be based on probabilities of human action, calibrated with knowledge of physical processes.     

Probability of capture for the second fundamental model of resonance

The extension of the adiabatic invariant theory for one-degree of freedom Hamiltonian systems with varying parameters proposes a way of evaluating the probability of capture from one domain of the phase space into another. We derive here analytic expressions for these probabilities for a typical model of resonance of orderN. We show that the probabilities depend only upon two parameters and not four as expected a priori.     

华北地台南缘下古生界天然气勘探有利区域探讨

在华北板块上,陕甘宁盆地近年来发现了世界级大型气田,为同一地台的其他地区天然气勘探带来了光明和希望。华北地台南缘下古生界经多年的油气勘探证明,位于河南境内的太康隆起具有多套生油层系及一定的生成能力,是油气勘探的主要区域。该储集岩的控制因素较多,主要因素有：潮坪相具有形成良好储层的物质条件;粉晶白云岩和含膏白云岩是孔隙发育的最有利岩石类型;构造运动是油气保存的重要条件。综合分析认为,太康隆起下古生界天然气最有利的储集层段：在纵向上为峰峰组和上马家沟组Ⅲ段,横向分布于郑州—开封以南,郑州—新郑以东,范村—孙营—白潭一线以西区域。     

Beach morphodynamic characteristics and classifications on the straight coastal sectors in the west Guangdong

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Currently beach morphodynamic classification is the most important foundation to conduct associated coastal geomorphological studies. This paper carried out beach...     

Structural controls on the pathways and sedimentary architecture of submarine channels: New constraints from the Niger Delta

In submarine settings, the growth of structurally influenced topography can play a decisive role in controlling the routing of sediments from shelf-edge to deep water, and can determine depositional architectures and sediment characteristics. Here we use well-constrained examples from the deep water Niger Delta, where gravity-driven deformation has resulted in the development of a large fold and thrust belt, to illustrate how spatial and temporal variations in the rate of deformation have controlled the nature and locus of contrasting depositional styles. Published work in the study area using 3D seismic data has quantified the growth history of the thrust-related folds at multiple locations using line-length-balancing, enabling cumulative strain for individual structures over time and along-strike to be obtained. We integrate this information with seismic interpretation and facies analysis, focusing on the interval of maximum deformation (15 to 3.7 Ma), where maximum strain rates reached 7%/Ma. Within this interval, we observe a vertical change in depositional architecture where: (1) leveed-confined and linear channels pass upward in to (2) ponded lobes with erosionally confined channels and finally (3) channelised sheets. Our analysis demonstrate that this change is tectonically induced and diachronous across the fault array, and we characterise the extent to which structural growth controls both the distribution and the architecture of the turbidite deposits in such settings. In particular, we show that leveed-confined channels exist when they can exploit strain minima between growing faults or at their lateral tips. Conversely, as a result of fault linkage and increased strain rates submarine channels become erosional and may be forced to cross folds at their strain maxima (crests), where their pathways are influenced by across-strike variations in shortening for individual structures. Our results enable us to propose new conceptual models of submarine channel deposition in structurally complex margins, and provide new insights into the magnitude of fault interaction needed to alter depositional style from leveed to erosionally confined channels, or to deflect seabed systems around growing structures.     

浙江瓯江口南岸潮滩相带的时空变化

瓯江口南岸潮滩可分为三个沉积地貌相带：高潮滩物质由砂、泥混合沉积组成，沿岸沙堤增长；中潮滩物质以砂质为主，坑、洼地貌遍布，滩脊发育，是潮滩中最活跃，对水动力条件反映最敏感的相带；低潮滩物质由泥质组成，滩面平缓，是稳定的淤积带。潮滩相带的沉积物、地貌特征具有明显的时空变化，瓯江入海的水沙对瓯江口南岸潮滩演变产生明显的影响。     

沙漠倒置河床研究进展及其对火星类似物研究的启示北大核心CSCD

沙漠倒置河床是干旱区一种特殊的河流状正地貌,这种地形倒置现象蕴含着河床由负转正的重要环境变化信息。本文遵循地貌学思路,基于全球范围内对沙漠倒置河床的研究报道以及野外勘察工作,对该地貌的空间分布、形态特征、物质组成、沉积结构以及形成机制进行了详细梳理。总体而言,世界各大主要沙漠地区均发育该地貌类型,其表层多为岩石碎屑或胶结物硬层,下伏质地相对松软的砂、黏土物质,由于河床和河岸周边沉积物的差异化侵蚀,河床被相对抬高。基于此,对火星倒置河床的成因机制、物质组成和形成时间进行了讨论。尽管对地球上沙漠倒置河床的研究已经取得一定进展,但未来研究仍需对其形成年代及其代表的气候意义进行深入分析;同时还应更多地与不同类型的火星倒置河床进行类比研究,这将对揭示火星水文活动和环境变化等科学问题提供重要依据。     

近期长江北支口门圆陀角附近潮滩地貌动态变化

圆陀角位于长江北支岸线与江苏海岸线的交会处,独特的互花米草潮滩、淤泥质光滩环境和复杂的河海沉积动力,决定了潮滩地貌对海洋环境变化的响应具有敏感性。由于大规模的围垦,圆陀角附近过去40年来海岸线向东推进了6km。根据2006年以来多次的野外调查和室内粒度与钻孔岩芯的¹³⁷Cs分析, 2006年以来圆陀角附近潮滩淤积明显加强,由¹³⁷Cs时标估算的互花米草滩多年平均沉积速率为2.3cm/a, 2006~2008年观测到的互花米草滩淤积速率>4cm/a,粉砂淤泥质光滩的淤积速率更高;圆陀角风景区内互花米草滩前缘陡坎在风暴潮影响下侵蚀后退,并因粉砂淤泥质光滩的快速淤长而消亡,圆陀角附近潮滩地貌动态是对人类围垦活动、风暴潮与潮汐海洋动力的综合响应,互花米草与光滩快速淤积是近期圆陀角附近潮滩地貌演化的主要特点。     

潮汐作用下的风沙运动过程研究进展

潮汐作用下的滩面干湿交替是影响风沙运动的重要过程之一。从潮汐作用干湿交替影响下的海滩表层湿度时空变化及其对滩面风沙运动的影响、潮汐作用干湿交替影响下的海滩风区长度变化及其对滩面风沙运动的影响等方面,较为系统地概括和总结了关于潮汐作用下海滩风沙运动过程的研究进展和主要成果。主要结论为：（1）表层湿度与潮汐水位变化之间的关系是非线性的,存在地下水和毛细作用双重的滞后效应;（2）海滩临界起沙风速随表层湿度的变化关系在低于临界表层湿度时正相关,超过临界表层湿度则滩面风沙活动近乎停滞;（3）海滩风沙输送量随风区长度的变化关系按达到平衡状态前、中、后,可分为正相关、不相关和负相关3个不同的阶段。最后,针对当前国内外潮汐-海滩风沙作用模式的研究现状,提出中国未来急需加强的研究方向。     

粤港澳大湾区传统农业洪潮适应开发模式与生态文明经验

通过梳理17世纪以来至20世纪50年代粤港澳大湾区适应洪涝环境的地域开发典型模式,发现该地区根据洪水和潮水不同作用特点形成3种模式:1)北部肇庆、高要、清远、三水一带的低塱地区,以洪水影响为主,利用西江洪水期旺发的鱼苗资源进行涡塘养殖,发展种植耐涝的深水稻和经济水生植物;2)中部南海、顺德、高明洪潮叠加区普遍开发为连片桑基鱼塘,发展一套防洪抗涝与利用洪水期潮水排灌的技术体系;3)中山、番禺、东莞、新会一带的沿海口门区以潮水作用为主,当地通过沿岸浅滩大量投石修筑小型丁坝、种植水草等技术措施加速滩涂泥沙淤积,围、垦开发。滩涂开发过程中创造性地利用洪潮加速潮滩植物群落演替,以及排灌、改良培肥水稻土、选种适生作物。这3种开发模式是粤港澳大湾区在地域开发中变害为利的具体实践,总结其人水和谐的经验,可为粤港澳大湾区生态文明建设提供借鉴。